导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
风和日丽的一天,老师带我们去参观小公园亭。老师说:小公园亭原是汕头的一处美景和闻名的史迹。‘文革’期间被拆毁。95年重修,使我们可以亲眼目睹开埠城市的文明古迹。
我们看到小公园亭的亭基上围着一圈红漆栏杆,连着长椅,可以供人们休息。栏杆四周矗立着八根红漆圆柱,圆柱上彩绘着龙和凤,像征着吉祥。
我们还看到亭顶分有三层,呈宝塔状。青绿色的亭檐顶挂着十几盏美丽的灯。个个檐角的末端镶嵌着陶瓷状饰品。亭顶贴着青色和绿色的琉璃瓦,亭的顶端有个大葫芦,大葫芦上面顶着一个小葫芦。据说有镇雷、防震等作用。
汕头市政府决定将小公园规划为历史风貌保护区,还要进行改造和重建,不久的汕头小公园亭会更加美丽繁华。美丽壮观的小公园亭,我真为你感到自豪、骄傲。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
我的家乡是中国五大经济特区之一――汕头,它是一颗璀璨明珠。常听大人说:“汕头这几年发展快,天天都在变。”的确,在党的带领下,在党的带领下,汕头的变化确实日新月异。改革开放后,汕头有了变化,搞了饮水项目:打井、建水池、开水渠……解决了许多人的饮水问题。以前的楼房,都是木房。瓦房,破破烂烂的,而现在汕头的楼房,都成了一栋栋漂亮楼房,别墅,那些平房。瓦房都没有了!
以前的道路是坑坑洼洼的,现在都变成了水泥路,柏油路,非常平坦整洁!由于经济的发展,现在的环境也越越来越好了,不少景点有很大的改变!如:人民广场、中山公园……海滨长廊也随之改变。10年前的海滨长廊的是一片泥泞的海滩,海水中漂浮着许多垃圾,真臭!海面上也很冷清,只有几条小渔船。长廊上长满杂草,丢满垃圾,蚊子苍蝇满天飞,没有石雕,更别提有旅客来参观啦!
昔日的荒凉之地,起了翻天覆地的大变化,成了今天闻名的潮汕八景之一。现在的海滨长廊是一条沿海的漂亮长廊。漫步在海滨长廊,静静地看着海,湿润的雾气萦萦环绕,模糊看见远处那秀丽的'山在朦胧中探头,山头还依着云层叠叠的天。近处,忙碌着捕鱼的渔船与群山远近相映,这不是大自然潜心绘出的杰作吗?
今日的海滨长廊真美啊!长廊上的石雕可闻名了,也使观光者大饱眼福。看,那是一个母亲正在微笑着看着孩子吃母乳!这石雕不就是母爱吗?长廊长满了翠绿的草与花香扑鼻的鲜花,那绿得鲜亮,那花香得沁人心脾,布满了生命力!轻柔海风迎面扑来,还带着海姑娘的芳香,使人神清气爽!
家乡的变化使我们感到骄傲和自豪!这一切变化都离不开党的英明领导、离不开改革开放!我们得好好学习,把未来的家乡――汕头建设得更加美好!
在我们的童年生活中,有许多令人高兴的事,有许多令人伤心的事,也有许多令人难忘的事……多得我们数都数不清。但你有没有想过:如果你有机会可以改变及规划自己得童年,你会怎么样改变及规划呢?是想住在巧克力做得华丽的房子里?是希望也有一个象机器猫一样的亲密伙伴?是希望每天能够没有作业?还是希望随时都可以做自己喜欢的事?……我一直抱着这样美好的愿望那样幻想着……幻想着……
“丁零零”——我的草莓小闹钟发出清脆的响声。我转过头,“嗬,正好六点整。”于是,我慢慢地穿好衣服,起了床。吃完美味的早餐,跟Kitty告别后,便走在了上学的路上。我迈着轻快的步伐,怀着高兴的心情,带着令人舒适的笑容。这时,我突然看见有一个老人摔倒在地上,便匆忙地走过去,把那老人从地上扶了起来,然后问:“老爷爷,你有没有怎么样啊?”老爷爷和蔼地说:“小妹妹,谢谢你,我没事。你真懂事!”“哦,没什么,这是我应该做的。”我说。说完,我就跟老爷爷道别,继续去上学。
正当我在为老爷爷夸奖我的事而高兴的时候,我无意间看了一下手表,“啊!已经六点五十分了!坏了,上学要迟到了。”这时,我轻轻按下了左手手链上的钻石,顿时,我的后背上长出了一双翅膀,于是,我就以最快的速度来到学校。学校到了,我又按下了那颗钻石,翅膀便收了回去。我立刻跑进教室,整理好书后,心中想:这次多亏有Kitty送给我的这个“天使翅膀”,要不然,肯定会挨骂。快上课了,我调整好自己的心态,来迎接每一节课。
时间过得真快,一转眼,快放学了。正当放学的音乐一响,寂静的学校,立刻热闹起来。每个学生都笑着走出校园。走到校门口,我看见了Kitty,便高兴地走到它身边,跟它一边聊天,一边走在回家的路上。聊着聊着,天突然之间下起了大雨,正当我和Kitty手足无措的时候,我忽然想到了“天使翅膀”,便对Kitty说:“Kitty,我们可以用‘天使翅膀’埃”“好主意,我们走吧。”Kitty说。于是,我又按下了钻石,“哇,我又飞了起来……”
“哎哟,好痛哦!”“婷婷,你怎么从床上摔下去了啊?”妈妈不解地说。我这才醒过来,那原来是个梦啊,我从地上爬起来,对妈妈说:“没事,我不小心摔下去的。”妈妈听后没说什么,转身走出我的房间。我躺在床上想:哎,那如果是真的该多好,虽然其中必有心酸和困难,但是还是很刺激。哎,我真想这样长大……长大……
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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