一、简洁性。说明文的遣词造句,应简洁平实、通俗易懂。
二、准确性。说明文以传授知识为目的,这就要求它必须用准确的语言。如实地反映事物的特征、本质、规律。说明文的语言的准确性是说明文语言的先决条件。表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等,都要求准确无误。
三、科学性。介绍科学知识的说明文.要特别注重科学术语的准确使用。
四、严密性。为了使读者对较复杂的事物、较深奥的事理有明晰确切的理解,说明文常常恰当地使用修饰和限制词语,讲究语言的周到严密。
五、条理性。任何事物都具有它本身的'条理,我们说明事物就要按照它本身的条理来安排说明顺序,使之眉目清楚,有条不紊。
六、逻辑性。有的说明文,要从事物的内在联系上进行说明,语言逻辑性强。
七、趣味性。元大鹰先生说:“说明文不一定就是板起面孔来说话。说明文未尝不可带一点风趣。”为了把事物的特点说得更加生动形象,增强文章的启发性和感染力,说明文要适当地采用生动的说明。
两岸青山对峙,绿树滴翠。抬头奇峰遮天,脚下清流潺潺,怪石卧波。雨中的山色,其美妙完全在若有若无之中。如果说它有,它随着浮动着的轻纱一般的云影,明明已经化作蒸腾的雾气;如果说它无,它在云雾开合之间露出容颜,倍觉亲切。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
面对一天天的生活,总会困倦,拿捏不住人生前进的方向,掌握不了人生的方向盘,从而导致成了一个迷失的船长,也就没有能力驾驭这所开往光明彼岸的船帜,或许有一天翻船了,到那时,有全盘皆输,所有努力皆付诸东流,当然,我不想等到那一天,我开始寻往天使洒下的路。
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