The fox, filled with arrogance, examined the cat from head to feet, and for a long time did not know whether he should give an answer. At last he said, "Oh, you poor beard-licker, you speckled fool, you hungry mouse hunter, what are you thinking? Have you the nerve to ask how I am doing? What do you know? How many tricks do you understand?"
"I understand but one," answered the cat, modestly.
"What kind of a trick is it?" asked the fox.
"When the dogs are chasing me, I can jump into a tree and save myself."
"Is that all?" said the fox. "I am master of a hundred tricks, and in addition to that I have a sackful of cunning. I feel sorry for you. Come with me, and I will teach you how one escapes from the dogs."
Just then a hunter came by with four dogs. The cat jumped nimbly up a tree, and sat down at its top, where the branches and foliage completely hid her.
"Untie your sack, Mr. Fox, untie your sack," the cat shouted to him, but the dogs had already seized him, and were holding him fast.
"Oh, Mr. Fox," shouted the cat. "You and your hundred tricks are left in the lurch. If you been able to climb like I can, you would not have lost your life."
一只猫在森林里遇到一只狐狸,心想:“他又聪明,又丰富,挺受人尊重的。”於是它很友好地和狐狸打招呼:“日安,尊敬的狐狸先生,您好吗?这些日子挺艰难的,您过得怎么样?”
狐狸傲慢地将猫从头到脚地打量了一番,半天拿不定主意是不是该和它说话。最后它说:“哦,你这个倒霉的长着鬍子、满身花纹的傻瓜、饥肠辘辘地追赶老鼠的.傢伙,你会啥?有甚么资格问我过得怎么样?你都学了点甚么本事?”
“我只有一种本领。”猫谦虚地说。
“甚么本领?”狐狸问。
“有人追我的时候,我会爬到树上去藏起来保护自己。”
“就这本事?”狐狸不屑地说,“我掌握了上百种本领,而且还有满口袋计谋。我真觉得你可怜,跟着我吧,我教你怎么从追捕中逃生。”
就在这时,猎人带着四条狗走近了。猫敏捷地窜到一棵树上,在树顶上蹲伏下来,茂密的树叶把它遮挡得严严实实。
“快打开你的计谋口袋,狐狸先生,快打开呀!”猫冲着狐狸喊道。可是猎狗已经将狐狸扑倒咬住了。“哎呀,狐狸先生,”猫喊道,“你的千百种本领就这么给扔掉了!假如你能像我一样爬树就不至於丢了性命了!”
电影《十二公民》讲述的是暑期一所政法大学内,未通过英美法课程期末考试的学生迎来补考,他们组成西方模拟法庭,分别担任法官、律师、检察官等角色,审理的正是一桩社会上饱受争议的“20岁富二代弑父”案。12位学生家长组成了陪审团。这些人来自社会不同阶层,有医生、房地产商、保安、教授、保险推销员等。他们在听取学生法庭审理后,将对本案做出最终“判决”。这12名陪审员互不相识,但按照规则,他们必须达成一致,才能结束审判。第一轮投票,就有11人认定“富二代”有罪,在所有人证物证都指向这一结果的情形下,这位年轻的嫌疑犯离舆论上的死亡只有一步之遥。好在8号陪审员提出了大胆的怀疑,让所有的线索都被逐一讨论,随着审判的进行,疑点出现,每个人背后的故事也浮出水面,经过多方长时间角逐,最终十二个人达成一致意见,认定该富二代无罪。
影片虽短,但发人深思。我国虽没有像英美法国家那样的陪审团制度,但剧中陪审团的整个讨论过程还是能够给予我很大启发,特别是作为将来可能成为决定他人自由乃至生命的法官队伍中的一员,更应该从中吸取教训。
一、对待证据要有吹毛求疵的态度。任何证据都要经过详实的推敲论证,形成证据链,案中关键证人有被害者楼下的老人以及窗户对面的女子。一个凭借“听觉”,一个凭借“视觉”让众人都坚信是富二代***死了其父亲,但通过8号陪审员的推敲发现,其实作为上了年纪的老人只是根据自己的经验(楼上经常有父子争吵声)断定死者就是富二代所***,窗户对面的女子也是在没有戴眼镜的情况下只是根据模糊的音像而草率断定是富二代所为。他们在作证时也许并未想到,这种“言之凿凿”的证据如果被法官采信将意味着什么,这就告诫法官,在审查证据的时候,要多考虑证据可能与事实不符的情况。
二、要用理性的思维对待案件。每个人的生活经历不同,对同一件事的评价就会存在差别。法官在裁判案件的时候应尽量做到凭借事实与法律判案,不受个人情感左右。剧中十二个人,每个人都从事不同的行业,都有不同的人生经历。刚开始之所以有11个人都判定富二代有罪,很大程度上源于他们的感性认识,他们对证人的话毫无怀疑。当然,还有很大一部分人存在严重的仇富心理,他们认为富二代就是不学无术,特别是在一个父亲坐过牢,继父一夜暴富的家庭长大的孩子更是什么事都可能做的出来。撇开证据不谈,他们内心就已经预存了偏见。作为法官,在认定案件事实时,如果不能坚持理性判断,那么又会造成多少冤假错案。
三、任何一件错案对当事人的打击都是毁灭性的,应避免冤假错案。剧中给我震撼最深的莫过于五号陪审员的一句话:“万分之一的错误对当事人来说就是百分之百的灾难”。一个错案对他人来说可能无所谓,但对当事人来说那将是毁灭性的,即使有遭一日被平反,被冤者回到社会同样会遭到异样的眼光,也会严重消弱司法的公信力,正如英国哲学家培根在《论司法》中所说:“一次不公正的审判比多次不平的举动为祸尤烈。因为这些不平的举动不过是弄脏了水流,而不公的审判则是把水源破坏了。”
在全面推进依法治国的当下,作为法律人我们不仅要用严谨的态度对待每一个案件,同时也要担起普法的重担,加大法制宣传,提高群众法律素养,让正义以看得见的形式得以实现。
《十二公民》影片开头,是某法律大学英美法补考模拟法庭现场,其实这一设定就给我们提供了一整套司法制度。影片介绍了十二位不同经济条件、不同文化水平、不同生活经历的公民围绕一起命案展开的关于嫌疑人是否有罪的辩论。我认为,片名之所以叫做“十二公民”而非“十二陪审员”,是因为其实这十二个人并不全符合作为真正陪审员的条件。美国的陪审员制度对于陪审人员有严格的要求和筛选体系。
一开始是初选。首先与案子有关的人员,包括与原告或被告有联系的人不得入选。另外一些职业有可能产生思维倾向的,比如律师、医生、教师等等,也不能入选。此后其余的候选者还必须通过十分严格的审查,来删除一些由于环境和经历所造成的有心理倾向的候选人。
而影片中八号是检察官,六号是外科医生,而一直认为嫌疑人有罪的三号,则是一个与儿子有着重要矛盾的父亲,对于嫌疑人与父亲素有嫌隙这种情况易产生代入感,以致无法客观判断。这些都体现了影片中的陪审团与真正的陪审团的差异。
影片中最精彩的部分应该就是八号陪审员通过两位证人的证词再结合老人自身的身体情况和居住环境还原案发现场,找到时间上的矛盾证明老人证词有误,证实了嫌疑人的无罪可能。而实际上影片主体也是各位陪审员对于证词的推敲,在这一过程中逐渐改变了陪审员们的投票结果。
然而实际上,在美国,这一工作检方和辩方做的,相当于我国的原告与被告双方。影片中的两位证人应属于检方证人,那么辩方的责任就应是通过提问或出示其他证据检验证人及其证词的真实性,已达到辩护目的。这一过程叫听证。显然这又是中西司法制度中的又一差异。
我们可以看到,刚开始除了八号陪审员,其他十一个人都是在听取两段未经仔细审查的证词之后便轻易地相信了嫌疑人有罪。然而这种轻信,会使很多人遭受五号和九号陪审员同等的命运,就像五号说的“万分之一的错误,那对于一个当事人来说那是百分之百的灾难”,也像八号说的“所谓的百分之百,往往是我们四舍五入的结果,而真相往往是在那些小事里头”“决定一个人该不该枪毙,这事不该吹毛求疵?”“关系到一个国家法律未来是否公正,不该吹毛求疵?”。
这就是司法公正的意义,也是法律工作的意义。我们的参与往往会改变一个人的命运,所以法律必须是严谨的,吹毛求疵是身为一个法律人该有的态度。
Father had a family of sons who were perpetually quarrelling among themselves. When he failed to heal their disputes by his exhortations, he determined to give them a practical illustration of the evils of disunion; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the faggot into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They each tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it.
He next unclosed the faggot, and took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into their hands, on which they broke them easily. He then
addressed them in these words: "My sons, if you are of one mind, and unite to assist each other, you will be as this faggot, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are divided among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as these sticks."
Lion was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up in anger, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying: "If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness." The Lion laughed and let him go.
It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by strong ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came up, and gnawed the rope with his teeth, and setting him free, exclaimed: "You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, not expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favour; but now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to confer benefits on a Lion."
一只老鼠从一只狮子面前跑过去,将它从梦中吵醒。狮子生气地跳起来,捉住老鼠,要弄死它。老鼠哀求说:「只要你肯饶恕我这条小生命,我将来一定会报答你的大恩。」狮子便笑着放了它。
后来狮子被几个猎人捉住,用粗绳捆绑倒在地上。老鼠听出是狮子的`吼声,走来用牙齿咬断绳索,释放了它,并大声说:「你当时嘲笑我想帮你的忙,而且也不指望我有什么机会报答。但是你现在知道了,就算是小老鼠,也能向狮子效劳的。」
今天看了一部电影《十二公民》,看完之后又睡不着了,这确实是一部律政方面的好片子。电影讲述了一所大学里模拟法庭上进行着一场关于一个富二代***父的案例的模拟审判,需要学生们的父亲出庭做陪审员,而学校提出的要求是,这十二名陪审员要在讨论一小时后意见达成一致,这些学生才能顺利毕业。
这部电影的第一个让我觉得很出色的地方在于,一个长达一百分钟的电影在一间大学的教室里拍完,这间教室里只有一张大桌子和十几把凳子。十二个演员就是坐在一间教室里演完了一部片子。而且内容跌宕起伏,逻辑严密,只是靠讨论来演但并不觉得乏味。比起其他电影不断切换场景,演员,道具,这部电影完全以内容取胜。第二点是巧妙的运用天气变化来加强剧情,当讨论不温不火的时候天气开始转阴,当讨论出现剧烈矛盾的时候开始电闪雷鸣,当讨论进行不下去的时候开始下雨,当讨论结束,所有人心服口服的时候,天气放晴,阳光明媚。第三点是法律内涵,和社会意义,主角一直在反复强调一个观点,“无罪推定”,就是在没有证据证明他人有罪的情况下,认定为无罪,而现实中充满了偏见和武断,大部分人都是先断定有罪,再慢慢找证据证明有罪,这是造成很多冤假错案的根本原因。西方有句法谚“迟来的正义非正义”,仔细想一想很多的冤假错案,比如聂某某案,被判故意***人服刑很多年之后,真凶伏法,真相才大白于天下,国家给出了相应的赔偿,可是二十几年的牢狱之灾,他从一个风华正茂的年纪一直到出狱时头发花白,他的青春大好年华又如何赔偿!中国的法治建设越来越完善,可是法治思维的培养还有很长的路要走。第四点这部电影的故事性很强。其中十二个陪审员每个人背后都有故事,每个故事引发的思考又特别有意义。再比如,出租车司机和儿子的矛盾造成了他一生的痛。每个人都有各自的故事,每个人身上又都存在问题,而这些问题是普遍存在于我们身边的,需要所有人去思考和改变的。这是一部有内涵的片子,希望这样的片子越来越多,普遍的引起人们对司法公正和程序正义的关注,从而推动中国的法治建设,不要再出现冤假错案,因为迟来的正义非正义。
Country Garden and Me
On the way from Panyu City to Shunde City and approaching the conjunction point of both cities, a big advertisement board of the infamous Country Garden will catch your eyes. And on the board, a lovely girl gently holds a little white pigeon.
She looks at everybody with a sweet smile. Who is this girl? Let me tell you later. Country Garden is located at the Beijao town, Shunde City of Guangdong Province. Ten years ago when my Dad and Mom took me as a baby to Guangzhou, it was a wasteland here. But what does this piece of wasteland look like nowadays? Country Garden has been developed and enlarged rapidly on the ground of this land, and a great number of high-quality houses and apartments have been built up within the garden. Over the past decade, other nine country gardens with various unique designs have been erasing around the great city of Guangzhou. The construction and management of several gardens have engaged the devoted contributions from my Dad and Mom.
Country Garden has grown up together with me, and I am one of the witnesses of its growth and development.
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