是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式),也可以用冒号(美国式)。
(1)写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用Dear或My dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏)。例如:My dear father,Dear Tom等。
(2)写给公务上的信函用Dear Madam,Dear Sir或Gentleman(Gentlemen)。注意:Dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。Gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加Dear,是Dear Sir的复数形式。
(3)写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:Dear Prof. Tim Scales, Dear Dr.John Smith。
在正文下面的一、二行处,从信纸的中间偏右处开始,第一个词开头要大写,句末用逗号。不同的对象,结束语的写法也不同。
(1)写给家人、亲戚,用Your loving grandfather,Lovingly yours,Lovingly等;
(2)写给熟人、朋友,用Yours cordially,Yours affectionately等;
(3)写业务信函用Truely yours(Yours truely),Faithfully yours(Yours faithfully)等;
(4)对上级、长辈用Yours obediently(Obediently yours),Yours respectfully(Respectfully yours)等。
Transportation during the Spring Festival, called chunyun in Chinese, is an annual test on Chinas transportation systems.
The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year, which falls in late January or early February according to Gregorian calendar, is the most important festival for the Chinese as it is an occasion for reunions with family and friends.Particularly, people hope to return home from work or study to have a reunion dinner with families on the Lunar New Years Eve.Hundreds of millions of Chinese people are on journey as the Spring Festival travel season begins. Therefore, Chunyun has created enormous pressure on Chinas transportation sector.
The Ministry of Railway and the National Development and Reform Commission usually issue circulars during the period, demanding that coordination mechanisms be established among transportation departments, different localities and police, and that countermeasures be made in place in case of emergencies to ensure efficiency and a complete success during the peak travel season.
中国人将“春节期间的运输”简称为“春运”,它是对中国交通运输系统的年度考验。
春节,即中国农历新年,通常始于公历一月末或二月初,它是中国人最重要的节日,是家人及亲朋好友团聚的日子。人们尤其希望在学习和工作之后赶回家中与家人一起吃年夜饭。春运期间,数以亿计的中国人都在旅途奔波,因此,它给中国的交通部门造成了巨大的压力。
中国铁道部和国家发改委在此期间会下发各类通知,要求运输部门、地方各级部门、警察部门建立协调机制,制定各种措施应对紧急情况的.发生,确保运输效率,保证高峰季节的运输得以顺利完成。
在一般的社交信中,信内收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上,要求与对信头的要求一样,不必再写日期。
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