Today, as people live a better life, they chase for more enjoyment.
We can see from the news that when the holiday comes, there are so many people gather in the scenery site. People like to travel today, they can take a plane, take the bus or even take a bike. On my opinion, the best way to travel is by train.
First, it is very cheap. Compare with other ways, such as plane and bus, train is less expensive, people can save a lot of money.
Besides, taking the train is much safer.
People don’t have to worry about crush, which is more happen in the plane or bus. Second, we can enjoy the scenery in the train.
Though the train is very slow, we can have a good sight of the beautiful scenery, when we go to Tibet, we can see different colors and different mountains during the trip. Taking the train is the best way to travel.
今天,随着人们过上更好的生活,人们追求的娱乐。我们可以从新闻上看到当节假日来临的时候,很多人聚集在景点。现在,人们喜欢旅游,他们可以坐飞机,坐巴士甚至骑单车。在我看来,最好的旅游方式是坐火车。第一,这很便宜。和其他方式,如飞机和巴士,坐火车便宜很多,人们可以省下很多钱。而且,做坐火车也更加安全。人们不用担心坠毁,这地发生在飞机和巴士上。第二,我们可以在火车上欣赏风景。虽然火车很慢,我们可以好好看看美丽的风景,当我们去西藏的时候,可以在旅途中看到不同的颜色和不同的大山。坐火车是最好的旅游方式。
Dear English teacher,
I went on a trip to Hainan today with my family .We went there by plane. After we got off the plane, we went to the beach to see the beautiful sand and swim there. There were other people there too. Some people were surfing and some people were diving in the deeper part of the sea. Afterwards we had lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach. We ate seafood like shrimps and craps, and drank some abalone soup.We all didn\'t want to go home because the scenery was so beautiful, and there were so many other exciting things to try,but sadly it was time for us to go. It was definitely an exciting trip.If I have a chance to go there again, i will be more than happy to visit the place again.
Best wishes for you!
yours,
During the summer vacation, my father and mother took my sister and I to Dalian. My brother and I had a good time at the high tide adventure palace in Xinghai Park.
My sister and I sat on the adventure boat excitedly and began to move forward. The ship flashed along with the speed of the water. Suddenly, the ship turned a bend, entered a dark cave, and there was no five fingers in it, and the horrible bats sounded. Our boat rose, seven or eight meters high, and immediately swooped down to the top, splashing four or five meters of water. The ship continued to move forward, and there was a faint light in the depths of the cave.
When the boat approached, we were surprised to see that many dinosaurs were realistic. If you don't look at it carefully, you really need to be scared. These dinosaurs were all big mouths and looked terrible. The water is speeding up, a sharp bend, and we are coming to the "ape man world". In the dense forest, we can see the vivid figures of our ancestors. Some of them sit on the grass, watch around a round object, hang on trees, and wash their faces and feet at the water. Suddenly, a huge crab lay on the water and blocked our way. The smart elder sister just put her head down and just passed. I also lowered my head and tried, but no way, I squatted down in the bottom of the cabin. Hey, it was really successful.
Just through an obstacle, suddenly the water stopped, so we had to row ourselves by boat. My sister and I worked together and rowed vigorously. After about 20 minutes, we reached the finish line and ended this exciting and interesting adventure tour.
The Best Way of Traveling最好的旅游方式
People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. To me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.人们会乘坐飞机、火车、轮船、公交车去旅游。对于我来说,最好的旅游方式是暑假期间徒步旅游。
On a summer vacation I travel to refresh myself and to see the countryside. When I use my feet and walk on a grass covered path or among the hills I feel detached from the noise of the city and closer to the nature. And when I travel on foot I get more freedom. I can plan my own schedule. I can choose my own route. I can stop where I like. And I can see things and people that I might miss if I travel on a train or on a bus.暑假的时候,我通过旅游去释放自己和游览乡间。当我用双脚走在铺满小草的小径或山间时,我感觉(自己)远离城市的喧嚣,并且更亲近大自然。当我徒步旅行时我可以得到更多的自由。我可以自己选择行程。我可以自己选择路线。只要喜欢,我就可以停下来。而且我可以看到很多人和事,那些我可能乘坐火车或公车旅行而错失的。
When faster and more convenient ways for travel are becoming available, I still favor using my own feet. I get much pleasure from it. 当更快、更方便的旅游方式变成通用的,我仍然支持用自己的双脚(旅行),我从中得到了许多乐趣。
当前,洗钱犯罪活动已经成为人们关注的热点问题。随着经济金融形势的 不断变化,基层地区的反洗钱工作任务也变得日益繁重。有效打击洗钱犯罪活动对于国民经济发展和社会稳定有着极为重要的现实意义。随着商业银行的崛起,在金融市场上发挥的作用也越来越大,同时商业银行也成为了洗钱犯罪的主要渠道,那么如何做好反洗钱以及当前在反洗钱工作中存在的问题,如何采取有效措施,切实在反洗钱工作中发挥重要作用,是银行从业人员值得认真思考和探索的。
一、 洗钱的概念
洗钱的正式概念最早出现在 1988年12月19日《联合国反对非法交易麻醉药品和精神病药物公约》里,该公约对洗钱定义为:“为隐瞒或掩饰因制造、贩卖、运输任何麻醉药品或精神药物所得之非法财产来源、性质、所在,而将该财产转换或转移者。”
巴塞尔银行监管委员会从金融角度将洗钱定义为:“银行或其他金融机构可能无意间被利用为犯罪资金的转移或存储中介。犯罪分子及其同伙利用金融系统将资金从一个账户向另一账户作支付和转移,以掩盖款项的真实来源和受益所有权关系;或者利用金融系统提供的安全保管服务存放款项。此即常言之洗钱。”尽管不同的组织对洗钱有不同的定义,但洗钱实质上可归纳为将非法收入合法化的过程。不同的组织对洗钱定义的差异主要是因其对“非法收入”和“洗钱的手段”规定不同而产生的。
二、现阶段不法分子如何通过商业银行进行洗钱活动:
1、 票据“虚拟交易”自行买卖。目前,我国票据市场还不发达,各级上级行对下级行承兑
汇票授权力度不够,为争取票源,各行对票据承兑、贴现业务的竞争比较激烈,经常出现为争取票源而随意降低利率、不严格审查持票人与前手交易的现象,没有商品交易的票据转让很容易实现,一些商业银行甚至为非现金票据提现。也有洗钱者将犯罪收益作为100%的保证金存入银行,并用其购买银行承兑汇票,而该银行承兑汇票再经过转让、贴现等一系列过程,最终作为形式上的合法收入回到洗钱者手中。
2、 多开银行帐户使资金合法化。为达到增加存款的目的,不少商业银行违规为客户多头开立基本账户,在无贷款的背景下开立一般存款帐户,对开户资料不认真审查,也不执行向人民银行申报制度。一些商业银行为逃避监督将卫队户放入应解汇款科目核算,对非基本账户体现采取通过内部往来转入储蓄所再提取现金的方式等。 而正因为商业银行的这种态度,不法分子多头开户,在通过虎头之间款项划转,来掩盖其资金的本来面目,使不法资金合法化。
3、 利用信贷回收洗钱。洗钱者利用非法资金作抵押,取得完全合法的银行贷款,然后再 利用这些贷款购买资产。资金经改头换面后,其真正的资金来源就越来越不明显。
三、商业银行反洗钱工作中存在的问题
1、对反洗钱缺乏足够的认识
目前大部分商业银行存在对反洗钱认识不足、重视不够的问题;对《金融机构反洗钱规定》和《金融机构大额交易和可疑交易报告管理办法规定》中的反洗钱要求仅仅认为是履行程序而已,缺乏作为义务主体清醒的认识。我国商业银行反洗钱工作刚刚开始,各家商业银行担心谁率先严格执行反洗钱监视义务——审查与登记客户身份、要求客户提供有效证明、开立账户具有条件要求、大额可疑支付交易按规定上报等,谁就会面临失去大量客户的风险,即使是正常的、非可疑的大额的客户也有因回避银行披露信息的隐私性自保心理而离开。
2、重经营业绩轻信用安全
作为追求利润的商业银行,容易通过放宽开户条件,放松支取管理制度来争取客户、扩大业务、吸收存款。往往是见钱就揽,有钱就收,而忽视了对钱的性质和来源的了解,面对大额支付交易,仍为其办理业务,表现出重经营业绩轻信用安全的厚此薄彼倾向。
3、成本考虑
商业银行要承担反洗钱“监视器”的作用,就必须投入大量的人力、物力和财力。如设置反洗钱机构,配备反洗钱人员,制定反洗钱规定,落实反洗钱行动,进行反洗钱培训,购置与调整符合反洗钱要求的信息系统等。而这些对于银行而言,无一不导致银行经营成本增加。
4、一线临柜人员反洗钱业务素质偏低
洗钱犯罪是一种智力型、知识型、隐蔽性的犯罪,防范和遏制洗钱行为,不仅要求完善各项规章制度及反洗钱立法,还要求具有懂法律、熟悉业务、有反洗钱、经过专门训练的银行从业人员。与此要求相比,基层商业银行一线人员专业素质普遍偏低,反洗钱知识匮乏,其中有的.不熟知反洗钱法规,有的对洗钱手段一知半解,有的对企业经济活动规律了解不多,不能很好地落实反洗钱措施。
5、人民银行监管机制中没有激励机制和补偿机制
一旦查出洗钱金额,按照我国现有程序先是冻结,后是上缴国库,商业银行不仅无利可图,而且成本和收益失衡。运用制度经济学的理论来分析,这种在激励机制和补偿机制缺失的制度下,商业银行反洗钱积极性受到挫伤,降低反洗钱机制的效率。
6、反洗钱监测系统科技手段不先进,自动洗钱识别系统急需开发
目前商业银行尚未建立自动的可疑支付交易电子识别系统,特别是部分城市商业银行、城乡信用社无业务综合系统或业务综合系统落后,在无法实现大额和可疑资金交易数据信息的计算机系统提取的情况下,各商业银行只能依靠人工提取、手工上报,工作量大。
四、商业银行开展反洗钱工作的对策建议
1、加强制度建设,强化反洗钱管理
当前,洗钱犯罪日益猖獗,其所造成的金融风险的积聚和释放,将成为国有商业银行发展的大敌。依靠法律法规和完善的制度结构,来管理、防范和化解这种风险,显而易见是艰巨的。因此,必须彻底改变制度体系不配套、且陈旧老化的局面,改变有制度不能遵守、违反制度不受应有追究的不良环境,弘扬法治精神,加强制度的执行和管理,完善国有商业银行的基
本制度体系,按国际惯例和规则来规范业务的规程,形成有效的洗钱风险防范和控制机制;加大奖惩力度,在国有商业银行内部形成有法必依、违法必究,在规章制度面前人人平等的良好氛围。
2、健全反洗钱控制制度
第一,各金融机构应根据各自的特点和经营情况,制定具体的反洗钱制度措施,将反洗钱法律、法规和部门规章要求,分解、细化落实到具体管理和业务流程当中去,并以此作为内部管理考核、奖励和惩罚的依据,增强反洗钱制度的操作性和实效性。其次,基层央行应对金融机构落实上级机构制定的内控制度的情况进行监督管理,还应要求基层商业银行在落实的情况下根据自身经营和现实情况制定出符合自身特点的内控制度和操作章程,要对反洗钱工作的组织架构、各部门和岗位的职责、主要制度等作出详细规定,切实做到反洗钱工作有章可循,并努力将各项制度规定落到实处,转化成实实在在的行动。第三,要建立和政府、金融机构、银监办、财政、税务、工商、公安、检察等部门之间的协调机制。第四,要引导各金融机构正确认识和处理好反洗钱与业务发展的关系,依法经营,依法履行反洗钱的有关职责。
3、开展人员培训,建立反洗钱骨干队伍
人民银行出台的反洗钱法规是国有商业银行必须遵守和执行的法律,国有商业银行的经营活动必须在人行法规中进行,国有商业银行的员工,必须牢固树立反洗钱是法律的观念。由于反洗钱工作在我国的开展时间短,“洗钱”手段又多种多样,所有这些都要求我们必须加大反洗钱工作的培训力度。那么提高从业人员的反洗钱知识、技能出发,来提高反洗钱工作的实际效果是第一步关键动作。提高商业银行高管人员对反洗钱工作的认识,促使他们对当前洗钱的严峻形势及反洗钱的重要意义有所了解,让他们能够正确对待反洗钱在工作中形成的短期利益与长远利益的关系
4、利用科技手段配合有关部门营造全局性反洗钱环境
一是要运用科技手段,不断改进反洗钱监测措施,统一开发出大额和可疑支付交易自动采集检测系统,并实现与大额支付系统及各金融机构的账务系统连接,真正落实实时网络监控,增强反洗钱监测及时性和有效性。二是建立和推行金融机构大额和可疑支付交易监测、跟踪、报告系统。三是建立涉及银行、证券、保险部门的反洗钱网络,拓宽反洗钱工作辐射的行业范围,进一步建立和完善各职能部门沟通和配合的联动网络。四是构建信息共享机制。构建与工商、税务、海关、外经贸和公安间的长期反洗钱协作机制,畅通联系渠道,共享数据信息资源,形成部门监管合力。
5、建立法律保护屏障,强化网上银行业务监管
网上银行业务,作为现代商业银行激烈竞争的新领域,已成为国有商业银行在入世后建立竞争的优势的重要手段,同样,这也成为洗钱犯罪首选渠道。应该制订相应的解决方案:第一,制订规范的网上银行服务电子合同格式文本,明确交易双方的权利和义务关系。第二,加强和完善电子支付等相关方面的法律制度,制定严密有效的《电子资金划拨法》,实施对电子资金划拨、电子支付的有效的监管,以期进一步减少和预防洗钱行为的发生。第三,通过人总行与社会相关部门联合,共建金融认证中心体系,对客户的数字、数字签章、真实身份进行认证,确保客户身份的真实可靠。第四,通过高科技来研究开发反洗钱软件和系统。这个软件可以根据需要,自动进行全方位、多角度地检索、汇总等操作,使得反洗钱工作逐步规范化、科学化、数据化和网络化。
The Best Way of Traveling最好的旅游方式
People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. For me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.人们去旅游有的乘飞机、有的坐火车、坐船、乘公共汽车。对我来说在暑假,最好的方式是徒步旅行。
My preference depends on the purpose of the travel. On a summer vacation I travel to refresh myself and to see the countryside. When I use my feet and walk on a grass covered path along a river or among the hills I feel detached from the noise of the city and closer to the nature. And when I travel on foot I get more freedom. I can plan my own schedule. I can choose my own route. I can stop where I like. And I can see things and people that I might miss if I travel on a train or on a bus.我的偏好取决于旅行的目的.。在暑假我旅游是为了消除疲劳并欣赏乡村美景。当我沿着河流或在群山之间走在一条青草覆盖的路上时,我觉得我远离了城市的喧嚣、亲近了自然。徒步旅行,使我很自由。我可以自己安排行程。可以选择我自己的路线。我可以把车子停在我喜欢的地方。而且我可以遇到那些坐火车或公共汽车会错过的人和事。
When faster and more convenient ways for travel are becoming available, I still favor using my own feet. I get much pleasure from it. People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. To me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.当更迅速、更方便的方式使旅游变得更便捷,我仍然热衷于徒步旅行。我从中得到许多乐趣。人们去旅游有的乘飞机、有的坐火车、坐船、乘公共汽车。对我来说在暑假,最好的方式是徒步旅行。
【words】
1、preference v.偏爱;倾向;优先权
e.g. I don\'t know your preferences, so please help yourself.
2、refresh v.使……恢复;使……清新;消除……的疲劳
e.g. I refresh myself with a cup of coffee.
3、detach v.分离;派遣 ;分开
e.g. A number of soldiers were detached to guard the building .
4、available adj. 有效的;可得的;可利用的;空闲的
e.g. The only time available is Friday.
5、convenient adj. 方便的
e.g. It is quite convenient for customers.
This may day Dad took me to climb Huashan, where all the plants and trees were unforgettable.
I have been to Jincheng Mountain in Yilong, where fruit trees are everywhere and green grass is everywhere. But I can't compare to the beauty of Huashan; I have been to the east mountain of Deyang, where the mountains are green and green, but they are still not as strange as Huashan; I have also been to the Zhongjing Pingshan, where there are many places of interest, but not in Huashan.
As soon as I set foot on the Huashan Road, I saw a mountain peak rising from the ground, and a dark green light on the mountain. I looked at it. Dad said, "Hey, go." I went up and said, "Daddy, look, what a beautiful view!"
As I walked, I saw that the mountain peak was bare and grotesque. Under such conditions, trees were still growing. There is a mountain with these one or two trees long, far from seeing, the mountain is different, the mountain is like the tota Li, the tree is the tower, how angry! We see a national protection tree - the Sophora japonica, more than 500 years history. The tree is thick and oval - dense and oval, and the more I climb, the more scared it is, but the joy is my motivation, and my family and I continue to climb and climb higher. I saw Xifeng. It was the place where incense sticks to save the mountain. I jumped up with joy. Then I walked a long way, and I saw the long sky plank road, which was connected by a plank on the edge of the mountain. Look at that 1000 foot building, straight up 87 degrees slope, straight into the sky.
The listens say: the sunrise in Huashan and the sea of clouds are also beautiful. The sun just rose from the horizon, the first to show a lovely smiling face...... Hey, down the mountain, ride the cable car, so high! On the cable car to see this side of the mountain is different. How fast can I believe that every passing pile on the cable car is very fast, and when it reaches the foot of the hill?
Time is too fast, or I'll conquer it again.
改制后的国有商业银行,特别是上市后的银行,其市值在全球的市值中已经排在前列。但仍存在形成道德风险的行为。
1.1 现行经营考核制度扭曲了高级管理人员价值取向。目前,大型国有商业银行包括多数的股份制银行在管理架构上依然沿袭了计划经济时代的组织结构,也就是“条块”管理。在“条块”管理的人事制度下,上级行考察选拔干部时,在相当程度上存在走过场的行为,导致了管理层(行长)在这个组织架构中拥有几乎不受约束的权利和不可挑战的权威,他们的好恶、经营理念和行为在很大程度上直接决定了银行经营的好坏,一旦出现败德行为,会为银行发展带来严重的风险隐患。
1.2 变相鼓励短期逐利的激励机制淡化了审慎经营。目前,我国银行业在激励机制设计上加强了高管层薪酬收入与经营业绩(或利润)挂钩的力度,关注短期效果,急功近利引致激励过度,使一些分支机构.尤其是基层行一味盲目追求存贷款规模、利息收入和盈利:同时对基层员工激励不足,对合规经营和风险防范激励不够。一方面,由于考核指标体系设计缺乏科学性,对经营业绩考核片面强调指标刚性,经营管理层甚至不惜一切代价,想方设法遮掩经营中的风险和问题,甚至有些地方通过违规违法手段来提升经营成果。另一方面,在银行内部往往简单地以奖金的方式对员工进行激励,单纯强调本单位的效益最大化,不顾及员工自身的人力资本价值,长此以往同化了员工的内在心理需求,造成了被迫的激励认可,形成了内部人控制的局面,内部员工的监督失去了效力。
1.3 不完善的风险管理与监督机制提供了败德空间。我国银行业的内部监督.无论是稽核内审还是纪检监察部门对经营班子成员的再监督都存在着一定的缺陷,不能胜任制衡和约束银行经营班子成员败德行为的职责。一方面,银行内部审计目标缺乏对内控系统充分性和有效性的综合评价,内审部门不能从制度上完全超脱于被审计对象自身。难以对全行业务部门(特别是高管人员)的活动进行全面有效的监督,特别是银行内部机构众多,审计业务繁重,内部审计难以达到足够的覆盖面和深度,导致审计低效:此外,因“条块”管理的缺陷缺少了对管理层(行长)的制度约束,形成了内控“控下不控上”。“上级监督不到、同级监督不力、下级监督不了”的局面,导致内控失效。
1.4 监管资源整体合力与效能影响了败德行为约束。监管能力建设是一项系统工程,而影响监管能力建设的因素涉及方方面面。当前.体制性与机制性的多重因素的存在使监管部门产生了监管障碍。一是监管力量分散。二是监管部门资源整合困难。银行与银行之间,银行与企业之间,银行与政府之间,银行、证券、保险之间以及银行监管部门与有关监管机构之间缺乏定期沟通交流的平台,各自为政,信息闭塞,重复工作不断,既增加了被监管机构负担,也不利于提高自身工作效率。三是快速变化的金融产品和服务创新带来挑战。
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