比拟是物的人化或人的物化,或把甲事物拟作乙事物。正确运用比拟,可以使读者对所表达的事物印象深刻,且可强烈感受到作者对事物的情感色彩,爱憎分明。
示例
《诚信漂流记》、《诚信走访记》、《诚信摆渡》
《与永恒拔河》、《让爱导航》
《心,请你告诉我》、《让心做主》
中学生写作议论文往往言之无物,容易陷入假、大、空的泥淖,文中无“我”,没有自我真切的感受与思考,因而以联系自我现实的方式作结,进行心灵剖白,就显得极为可贵,既能给人留下良好的印象,又能引起读者对自我观点的肯定与共鸣。
【示例】
①蝴蝶在黑暗中的栖息是静谧的,莫用蜡烛的光去打扰她们。花朵的绽放是自然的、宁静的,莫用照相机的闪光惊扰她们。我多想告诉每一个脚步匆匆的看花人,轻一点,慢一点,远远看着就好,别让你的影子,挡住了那一片花瓣的阳光。(江苏考生《静静呵护一朵花开》)
②我只愿成为一个不断长大的孩子,我有我的思想,我亦有我的童真:我不放弃纯粹,我亦追求缤纷。像那个诗人所言,我在我的世界里,保持着初放时安详的模样。听风涌起,待雨来过,我只是世界小小的婴孩。(浙江考生《最是那初放的安详》)
【点评】例①结尾回扣材料,以自我的感受作结,并把这种感受化为对世人的美好企盼,不矫情做作,让人易于接受;例②借心灵独白解剖自己的内心,紧扣文题,重申观点,强化自己甘做“世界小小的婴孩”亦即“保持童真”的执著和坚定。
当然,文无定法,结尾亦然。运用之妙,存乎一心。卓越的语言永远属于卓越的心灵,离不开善感的心灵对生活的体悟,离不开敏锐的触角对生命的感知,更离不开独立的个体对世界的思考。只要考生自觉培养“文章”意识,细心揣摩精彩篇章,拓宽备考的大视野,就一定能在高考竞技场上稳占半壁江山。
引用法就是借用警句、格言俗语等生命力较强、影响力极大的句子来作为文章题目的一种拟题方法。“他山之石,可以攻玉”,如能准确借用,自可收到很好的效果。
示例
《众里寻他千百度》
《一句话,一辈子》
《海棠依旧?绿肥红瘦?》
班级姓名
Rewritethesentences.(注意大小写和标点)
e.g.Thisismydesk.→Isthisyourdesk?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.
Thesearemypens.→Aretheseyourpens?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
1.Thisismyschoolbag.(肯定回答)
2.Thesearemybooks.(肯定回答)
3.Thisismypencil.(肯定回答)
4.Thesearemyrulers.(肯定回答)
5.Thisismychair.(肯定回答)
6.Thesearemyrubbers.(否定回答)
7.Thisismybanana.(否定回答)
8.Thesearemypears.(否定回答)
9.Thisismydog.(否定回答)
10.Thesearemyeggs.(否定回答)
aboutasto
getacquire(knowledge/skills
offerafford(jobopportunities
expectanticipatechanges/difficulities
solvetackle/grapplewith
raiseelevate/heighten
mostimportantoverriding/override
combinesynthesize
supportuphold(ournationalvalues
deepen
weak
usetoomuch
becauseof
satisfy
learn
finally
right
know
miss
dotogether
boring
balance
difference
prettybutlessuseful
fresh
happenagain
good
difficult
perfect
urgent
sad
many/toomuch
fast-growing
maketrue
should
control
broadenone’shorizon
spendAonB
AisimportanttoB
finishsthby
decidetodo
sthisimportant
finditdifficulttodofuelvfuelconflictssap/one’sconfidencestretchnaturalresourcestothelimitattributeto/ascribetomeet/begearedtoward+sthdrawonothers’experienceendupdoing/endwithmakesensenaildownpassuppitchinsitthroughequilibriumecologicalequilibriumdistinctionnicetiesnoveltyrecurringpaindesirableundesirable:notgoodchallengingflawlesspressingbittermounting/awealthofburgeoningpopulationfulfillbesupposetoholdfasttoone’sdreamexpandone’soutlookdedicateAtoBAbeanessentialingredientof/bepartandparcelof/bethecornerstoneofBexploreeveryavenuetowardmakeitapointtodobeamilepostinbehard-pressedtodo/haveahardtimedoingsth
conflictbeatoddswith
few/littleverylittle,ifany
opposefrownon
befullofbeinundated/saturatedwith
todoharmtobelikelytofallpreyto/bevulnerableto
concerncausegraveconcern/concernshavearisenabout
meanspelldisaster/troublefor
makesthsthAhasrenderBsth
tootosthhasreachedsuchproportionthat/…tothepointwhere…mostimportantmorethananything,/andaboveall
growtheproliferationoffast-food/cybergames
seesthobjectivelyputsthinperspective
thinksthmostimportantit’shardtooverstatethesignificanceofneedsthnecessitate/entail
bedevotedtobebenton/upon
showmirror/embody
differentthewholespectrumof
turningpointbeawatershed
accordingtointheeyesof
affecthinder
ageera
aimtargetv
andalongwith/aswellas
andsoonthelike
appearmushroom/springup/sproutup
applyputintopractice
askconsult
aspectsphere
attachenclose
attracttempt/appealto
audienceviewer
basisfoundation
beabletobecapableto
beconvenientatone’sconvenience
begoodatbeskilledat
behelpfulbeofhelp
beimportantbeofimportance
benearbearoundthecorner
beobviousitgoeswithoutsayingthat…/itisarguablethatberisingskyrocket/rocket/soar
besuretobeboundto
besurprisedatbeamazedat
beuselessbeofnouse
bearbeloadedwith
becauseofdueto
becomefashionablecomeintoafashion
becomehappycheerup
beforeoriginal
buildfound/putup/shape
buyafford
byoneselfallalone
carefulattentive
causeattributeto/leadto
changemodify/shift/fluctuation
changewithvarywith
cheatingdeception
choosefrommakeachoicebetween
clearevident/self-evident
comefromstemfrom/springfrom
comeoutcomeforth
complainplaceacomplaintagainst
considerconvince/figureout/givethoughtto
consider…..importantattachimportanceto/laymuchemphasisuponcontinuegoahead
controlinthegripsof
cooperatejoinhandswith
decidedetermine
deepprofound/far-reaching
dependonhingeupon/counton
dependononeselfliveonone’sown
developcultivate/buildup
difficultybarrier
diligentindustrious
dogoinfor/carryout
dogooddofavor/helpv
dropdecline/ontheebb
eatlessgoonadiet
emphasisputahighvalueon/treasurev/valuev/cherishv
enablefacilitate
encouragespursbonto/motivate
endangerjeopardize
enforcestrengthen
engagemajorin
enjoybecrazyabout
enlargebroaden
enoughadequate
evaluatespeakhighlyof
explainuavelthemysteryof/accountfor/beresponsiblefor
facebefacedwith/faceup
failfrustrate
failurefrustration
fameprestige
famousprominent
famouspeoplegalaxy
feelingpassion/sentiments
findlocate
findoutsortout
finishaccomplish
firelayoff
fixinginstallation
focusoncenteron
forexampleacaseinpoint
foreverpermanent
futureprospective
getacquire/regain
getridofeliminate
givegrant/issue
give/supplyprovide…with
giveattentiontogivepriorityto
globaluniversal
goonbringforward
goalheart’sdesire
goodbeneficial
goodstudentstopstudents
goodsnecessity
greatenormous/dramatic
greatprime/utmost
greetingsregards
growflourish
happinesswell-being
havepossess
havearelationshipwithbeontermswith
hopelookforwardto
hopetodosthbeeagertososth./longtodosthhopefulpromising
ignoreneglect
illnessdisease
importantessential/vita
improveenhance/boost/upgrade
improvementadvance
ingroupsintwosandthrees
includemakeup
increasesoar
influencemold
intendtargettodosth./bemeanttodointerestedcrazy
interestinglywithgreatinterestintroductionprospectus
investigationsurvey
joboccupation/employment
joinmaintain/holdonto
keepmaintain/holdonto
killoneselfcommitsuicide
knowgrasp/beawareof/knowaboutknowledgecommand
leavedepartfrom
likepreference
limitconfine
loadburden
lookaroundexamine
lookforruninto/huntfor
lookup…inreferto
lowerinferior
makenervousplacestrainon
makeprogressmakeleapsin/pressforwardmakesureguarantee
makesurethattoseeitthat…
manyberichin/countless
meetruninto/comeacross
messchaos
necessaryindispensable
needbeinneedof
nothesitatefeelfreetodosth
notknowbeignorantof
number
obvious
occupation
offer
only
outcome
overcome
pass
payattentionto
people
perform
period
好的文章,总是既重视思想与文采,又重视结构的匀称和谐。结尾如果能巧妙照应开头,一呼一应,首尾圆合,便能使文章读来气韵流畅,既能体现视觉上的和谐对称,又能体现思维上的起承转合。可直击标题,点题点旨,使文题有落脚之处,也可照应论据,一材多用,让所用论据充分燃烧。
【示例】
①生活就是供给与需求的一种平衡关系,尽管在很多人的生活当中,并不平衡,但这毕竟只是一种趋近于平衡的一种趋势。通过这些看似毫无意义的简单分析,我们其实不妨用经济学的眼光来看待我们的整个生活,其意义可想而知。(四川考生《过一个平衡的生活》)
②还是那句话,手机像魔鬼,千万莫沉迷;千万别让我们的生活,被手机所操控;千万不要让我们的灵魂,沦为手机的奴隶。(北京考生《手机像魔鬼,千万莫沉迷》)
③莱特兄弟、***、迈克尔……他们的故事昭示着这样一个真理:满怀憧憬,让心中的梦想播种;翘首企盼,让梦想的种子发芽;辛勤浇灌,梦想之花就会绚丽斑斓。(湖南考生《梦想在开花》)
【点评】例①文章开头提出“生活是什么?”这一论题,结尾与开头呼应,结合材料对这一论题作了个性化的解读。例②结尾直击标题,并提出“不要让我们的灵魂沦为手机的奴隶”这一宏旨,警策人心。例③从人要有梦想生发开去,运用三个因为梦想而成就精彩人生的经典事例,结尾回扣前面的论据,点明中心,结构谨严。
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