公园中的花坛里,原来有很多五彩缤纷的'花朵,可现在,却有许多人把花摘走,那个漂亮的花坛,变得不再美丽。那些人们,多不讲文明呀!
还有人随意践踏草坪。原本生机盎然的小草,都弯下了腰,不再绿,不再挺拔。
也有人在小路上乱扔垃圾。明明前面就有一个垃圾桶,有些人也懒得走过去,直接站在原地扔过去。因为命中率不高,所以经常会有垃圾弹到外面来,他们也不管。
再说说公园内的小石桌吧。人们带着很多零食,饮料进到公园,在小石桌上吃完后,饮料罐,零食袋就被留在了上面。没过多久就有苍蝇在上面飞来飞去,这样多不雅观哪!
我想对那些不讲文明,不讲卫生的人说:“环境需要我们保护,而不是破坏,请爱惜我们的生存环境。”
风,悄悄的跑过来。它不想让任何一个人知道它的踪影。
风一不小心撞到树上了。树疼得“哗哗”直叫。可风呢?它却一点儿也不疼,听着树的叫声,风反面大笑起来:“呼呼!呼呼!”它笑的太厉害了,“啪”地一声掉进了草丛中,小草都被它压扁了。人们却在风中嬉戏,这可委屈了受伤的大树:“哼!我受了伤你们还笑,气死我了!”
瞧,这调皮的风。
风最喜欢花草了,它把那些小花小草当成自己的亲兄弟。每天一大早就跑过来大喊:“呼呼,呼呼,快起床呀,快起床!天就要亮了!呼呼,呼呼!”等花草醒过来时,风就吹出一阵阵风来,让小花小草在风中摇摆。看着它们开心的笑容,风就别提多高兴了。人们看着摇摆的小草:“这 习 习 凉 风 好清爽呀!”
瞧,这可爱的风。
风从小看着春天为人们忙来忙去的,受到了极大的鼓舞,要做一个大英雄。夏天,火辣辣的太阳挂在天空上,风想趁着这几天去做一个大英雄。它飞奔到了大街上,街上一个人也没有,它想用清凉的风把人们唤出来。风想都没想,便鼓起腮帮子不停的吹起了风,直到把脸憋红了为止。谁知它吹出的是热风,那些本来就热的人们,谁还愿意去“享受”这热风呢?大家都在躲家里开着空调呢!
瞧,这傻乎乎的风。
风住在东方的一棵大树洞里,它有个邻居,这个邻居就是冬天。冬天家里到处是雪白雪白的。在冬天的床底下,堆满了各式各样的篮子,篮子里装着一片片雪花。秋天走后,冬天就带上行李,拎上篮子去人间洒雪花。无聊的风总会跟着去。它来到老朋友小花小草的家,发现它们都已枯死了,风很愤怒,它手一挥,把雪花都倒了下去。风吹出一阵阵刺骨的寒风:“老朋友呀,你们在哪儿呀?我的老朋友你们回来呀!呼呼,呼呼!”看着风的表情,冬天无辜地站在一边:“我没有惹它呀?”人们也纷纷躲在一旁;“呀!好冷呀!”
瞧,这可怜的风。
这就是风。这调皮的风,让我不禁开怀大笑;这可爱的风,让我感到风对朋友的友好;这傻乎乎的风,让我看到了它的天真;这可怜的风,让我知道了它对朋友的重视。
风虽然很会“翻脸”,可是它也给我们带来了好处的呀,如果它的朋友被我们伤害了,它说不定就会一直像冬天一样吹着冷风。我可不想这样,你呢?
【习作题目】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
1.学生给老师打分已很普遍;
2.人们对其持不同态度(肯定或否定的态度);
3.你的看法。
【习作解读】
显然,此任务是写一篇议论文,主题为对学生给老师打分的现象进行议论,开放性较大。学生应根据实际情况,从多个方面阐述其原因并表达自己对这种现象的观点和态度。该话题更加贴近学生的实际生活,但有一定的语言难度,也有一定的思想深度。通过此文的写作,也从侧面提示了学生在注重写作基础训练的前提下,也应该注重培养积极思考、灵活运用、自由发挥等能力。
此次的写作任务出题相当巧妙,写作内容涉及的词汇和句型都属于新课程标准范围。题目在考查学生写作能力的同时,也在考查学生的分析判断能力及高度概括能力。富有想象力的学生写出的文章可能生动而富有灵性。此题目能引发学生对平日习以为常的行为进行反思,学会换位思考,这对中学生的性格和品德培养非常重要。
【习作展示】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
Nowadays, a lot of schools ask their students to contribute to grading their teachers. As a teacher, it is their responsibility to satisfy their students in all aspects. Meanwhile, it is admirable that school teachers prefer to expose themselves to their students.
If the system of grading of teachers by students is introduced, it will benefit students, teachers and the administration of the school for a number of reasons. For one thing, the system will give teachers and the administration of the school an insight into the minds of the students and show whether the teachers are successful in getting their lessons understood by the students; for another, it will also encourage the good teachers to continue their efforts and motivate themselves. What is more, it will expose those who are not doing enough and will lead them to correct their teaching methods as well as their attitude towards students. Thus the quality of teaching will certainly improve.
In a word, it is a promising concept and will bring surprisingly good results if applied with the right conditions.
【习作点评】
作者观点明确,赞成学生给老师打分。作为老师,就要做一个让学生满意的老师。这样,不仅对学生、学校有利,而且对老师本人也有利。这样,老师就会从另一个角度重新审视自己,看自己是否是一个成功的老师。如果得到学生的认可,这将是对自己的一次鼓励,为继续前行增添动力。如果学生的认可度不高,老师就应进行反思,调控教学方法和教学态度。这样,教学质量肯定会提高。作
者用简洁、明快的语言以及自己的经历列举了充分的论据,内容充实,贴近生活。For one thing, for another, what is more, in a word等过渡词的使用,是短文结构清晰,层次分明。最后,最值得一提的是,文中多次正确运用的高级词汇和复杂句式,给文章增添了不少文采。综上所述,这是一篇不可多得的佳作,值得向大家推荐。
二、写作模板
此模板适用于社会现象类议论文。参考模式如下:
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental There are a couple of reasons behind this problem/phenomenon. For one ;Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people
Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon—with the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones to their friends and relatives when an important holiday comes.
There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. For one thing, compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more lively and interesting. They can give not only pictures but also sound and animation. For another, there are many websites online which offer varieties of cards for you to choose from. What is more, with the popularity of the electronic cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which does good to our environment.
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that sending greetings by using electronic cards will be accepted by more and more people, not only the young ones.
三、写作指导
写作思路是先列出一个具体的社会问题或者现象,然后分析产生的原因和产生的影响,最后提出解决问题的办法,或者得出结论,或者提出个人看法,或者预测前景。
论点、论据、论证是议论文的三要素。论点是作者对所议论问题所持有的见解和主张,论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据;论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说,议论文每段都有主题句来确定论点。论证的方法很多,但最常用的是因果分析法。即:分析事实与论点的因果关系,指出取得结果的原因是所要证明的论点,从而达到论证的目的。
在近几年的高考中,议论文的比重占得越来越多,议论文的.出题形式可以多种多样,有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型,但文体实际是议论文,而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是:
1. 观点鲜明,文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明,一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持,不同层次之间要分明,过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文,得出一个符合逻辑的结论,突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力,一般不采用口语。
四、巩固练习
1.【练习题目】
2010年上海世界博览会期间,上万的青年志愿者参加志愿工作,请你谈谈对此现象的看法。
【参考范文】
During the period of holding the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of young citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention.
It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others.
Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society.
In a word, it is of great value for the young adults to offer volunteer work. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country?
2.【练习题目】
某些中学生为了显示自己成熟或表明自己醋而吸烟。请写一篇120词左右的短文,列举吸烟的危害,并提出建议。
【参考范文】
I am sorry to know that more and more middle school students begin to smoke. I think it is wrong to believe that smoking is cool and even think that smoking makes you appear to be mature. In fact, smoking is not cool but very dangerous.
First, smoking can do much damage to health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart diseases, cancers and other problems. It is reported that about 5 million people die of diseases related to smoking each year all over the world.
Second, it is a waste of money to smoke cigarettes. Smoking can cost a great deal of money. Once you are addicted to it, it is difficult to give it up.
What’s more, smoking can cause fires easily, which may do great damage to your life and your surroundings.
So give up smoking at once! Only in this way can you keep healthy forever.
3. 【练习题目】近年来,越来越多的中学生出国学习,出现了所谓的中学生“出国热”。请根据以下提供的信息,谈谈自己的看法。
1)良好的语言环境,更利于语言学习。
2)拓宽视野,学习国外先进的科学技术。
3)传播各民族间的不同文化。
参考词汇:媒介,中间人:mediator
【参考范文】
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study.Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.
There are a number of reasons for attending schools abroad.First, students who are studying abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. They can communicate with each other directly and learn about different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries and experience different education methods.Third, they live in foreign countries and take classes given by foreign teachers. As a result, they can learn foreign languages much more quickly.
Therefore, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.
4.【练习题目】随着经济和社会的发展,道路上的私人小汽车越来越多。请根据自己的观察和理解,谈谈自己的观点。
【参考范文】
With the fantastic development both in economy and in society in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But I strongly object to the increase in developing private cars.
I hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run on the road, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic jams so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.
In a word, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore, I am against developing private cars.
月球上的生命
根据美国詹森太空中心泰勒博士1974年的报告,1969年降 落月球的「阿波罗12号」太空船,所收回两年半前无人探测船「观察家三号」留置月球上的相机底部,竟然发现含 有地球上的微生物「缓症链球菌」。也就是说:来自地球的微生物,在几近真空、充满宇宙线的月球表面生存了两 年半!这真是令人意外而吃惊的.事,月球经由人类太空船多次的登陆探测,可能早已散播许多微生物在上面了,从 此事以后应要改口月球上毫无生命的说法了。如根据「神秘的月球计划」一书及吕应钟先生「月球是外星人制造的 ?」一文的研究与说法,月球上已早有了生命,而且是比 人类还高智慧的外星生命,也说不定!
太空中的生命
科学家利用模拟宇宙环境的实验,得知如「枯草 菌」、「黑麴菌」、「芒氏梭菌」等微生物,能长时间生存於宇 宙中。荷兰来登大学以枯草菌孢子实验,在照射相当於 1000年放射线剂量的紫外线,结果仍有0.1%的存活率。德 国的多赛博士发现某种微生物能在超真空环境中生存达数月之久。在浩瀚的宇宙中,也许也有这些生命顽强的生物 ,正在随着宇宙灰尘或慧星等在太空四处流窜,也许是地球的生物飘向宇宙深处,也许是外太空的生物已悄悄的降 临地球,有人说爱滋病的病毒可能就是从外太空来的。所以美国太空总署对回返地球的太空船与人,都要实施太空 防疫捡查。
异度空间的生命
龙一直是中国人世代相传的吉祥动物,不仅对它们描述的 灵活灵现,甚至从古到今,都有很多人亲眼见过。以龙为例,在近代就有一个实际的目击案例:在抗日时期,於安 徽省涡阳县的城门口,就曾出现一条土色的龙,它的外形与图画中所绘的完全一样,身长约十公尺,直径约15公分 ,带有很浓的鱼腥味,一直停留在城门口,引起许多人围观。当地的自卫队队长李占元并派卫兵保护,以防止受人 搔扰或盗捕。且依民俗传说规定禁止小孩与妇女观看。直到第五天的夜晚,在一阵暴风雨之中,卫兵未注意到的时 侯,那条龙就不知去向了。而近来中国上亦传出在平顶湖遇见水怪及有龙出现在源流於石人山的湖泊区域。据说石 人山是个蛮荒地区,有许多的奇珍异兽,譬如发现有一公尺大的蝴蝶等,有人研究称该处是否为异度空间的窗口, 才会出现一些奇珍异兽及俗称属於灵界动物的龙。在十馀年前於新屋乡头洲国小,所发生的疑是外星人 体坠落事 件,如果真是外星人,我认为它不一定是从飞行中的飞碟 所掉落,倒是有可能也是来自异度空间。
你思索过吗,什么是生命?
有一次,在花坛边,我看见一只蚂蚱,我饶有兴致地把它带回家放进水盆里。可是这只蚂蚁一点也不消停,砰砰作响,闹得我不能安睡,翻身下床看它:它拼命扑着翅膀,挣扎着,忽然间,良心斥责我,一个小生命要被我毁了,我忍不住放了它。
我家有盆君子兰,拾掇房间,不小心把花盆打碎了,堆在墙角、不在理会。可是几天后,我竟发现新的枝桠长出来。在没有阳光没有水的情况下,君子兰竟顽强生长,啊!这就是伟大的生命力。
从小就听过海迪姐姐的事迹:她身患重病高位截瘫,不能上学,她就以顽强的毅力自学了小学、中学的全部课程,获得了吉林大学授予的哲学硕士学位。她学针灸,医好了许多患者的病;他翻译著书,一部部作品展现给人们……她不断地努力、不断地创造,以不完整的身躯,奏响一曲完美的生命乐章。
生命予昆虫予植物予人只有一次,因为一次更显珍贵,我们应该珍惜生命,让它变得有意义,让有限的生命,创造出无限的价值。
如果和朋友在操场上踢球,突然球没了气,自己又没带打气筒,遇到这种情况该怎么办呢?没关系,只有有一个“万能球”就能解决这个问题。万能球可以根据我心理想的东西变成现实,所以现在只需想象出打气筒的样子,万能球就能变成货真价实的打气筒。
如果我有一个万能球,我会想象出一只小狗,让它陪我玩耍,陪我嬉闹。因为每到 星期六和星期天,爸爸和妈妈都要上班,没有人陪我玩。我要给那只小狗取名叫“查理九世”,我一定会和“查理九世”相处得非常好,我会带它出去散步;一起和它听“闹啥子嘛闹”这首歌;和它一起耍玩具;还有。。。。。。
我真想获得“万能球”,这样我能做到我不能做到的事了。
当然,我也不能一直依赖“万能球”,我也要学会做我现在不会做的事。
这两年我观察到一些生命的现象,这些生命的现象令我惊叹不已。
大家都认为地板砖下的小草永远不会长出来,但是去年暑假,在我奶奶家我发现一个“反常”的现象,小草从地板砖里长了出来,在没有浇水的艰苦的情况下,举起一块沉重的地板砖,这是不可思议的事,但是它发生了。
我邻居家有一株爬山虎,已经爬满了整个墙,但是它的地盘只有一方泥土,因为主人没在家,经常被孩子扒所以它的一方泥土只剩一半,它的根叶裸露出来。半墙爬山虎也枯萎了。我还觉得它活不成了呢我!过了两三天,又看它的时候,我发现他又活了,又爬了一面墙。
上个暑假,我和哥哥到绿豆地里玩,哥哥捉了一只蚂蚱,哥哥要把它活埋了,又要挖出来看他有没有死,哥哥看了看发现它没有死,又把它埋了,又挖出来看了看还是没有死,我觉得很残忍,让哥哥把他放了,哥哥还是不放。我只好打了一下哥哥的手,蚂蚱马上逃跑了。我被蚂蚱顽强的生命力震惊了,他被埋两次,居然还能跳,他的生命力真强啊!
小草,爬山虎,蚂蚱这些不起眼的小东西,竟然有这么强的生命力,使我不能不佩服他们追求生命的勇气。
这个星期天,我和爸爸妈妈沿着崎岖的山间小路,又来到了景山,想边看美景,边寻找大自然的启示。
与上个月相比,这个月的茶花、桃花、白玉兰花开得更加茂盛、也更加美丽了。我从兜里掏出我的外出必备“武器”——-放大镜,凑近一朵朵怒放的花儿,上上下下、里里外外仔细观察起来——-
这些盛开的花儿,像拳头大小,有的白如雪,如同被牛奶冲洗过一样,又白又嫩又香又薄,我真想咬一口,可是不忍心下口,有的红胜火,像一个精神焕发的小娃娃,仿佛在说:“快来看我,我长大了!”
这时一阵风吹过,许多桃花树的花瓣便从树上纷纷扬扬地飘落下来,像下了一场花瓣雨,地上顿时洒满了花瓣,就像一幅风景画,茶花的落法与桃花的落法又不一样,它是整朵整朵掉下来的,堆积在树下,刚掉落的花还非常鲜艳,有的花已经枯黄,还有的颜色和形状已经大变样了。
这时,我想起了红楼梦里的一篇故事:林黛玉独自在花园里散步,看见一阵大风吹过,许多花瓣便从树上飘落,她为这些凋零的花瓣感到非常悲伤,便把那些花瓣都扫起来,然后哭哭啼啼地把它们都埋起来。但是我知道,花瓣落了,会慢慢腐烂,等它腐烂之后,便会变成一种腐殖质,成为土壤的天然肥料,让植物来年变得更茂盛。古诗云“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花”,所以我觉得,花开花落是自然现象。我们应该遵循大自然的规律,不随意破坏它的生长环境。这样,我们才能和大自然和谐相处。
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