1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
Dear English teacher,
I went on a trip to Hainan today with my family .We went there by plane. After we got off the plane, we went to the beach to see the beautiful sand and swim there. There were other people there too. Some people were surfing and some people were diving in the deeper part of the sea. Afterwards we had lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach. We ate seafood like shrimps and craps, and drank some abalone soup.We all didn\'t want to go home because the scenery was so beautiful, and there were so many other exciting things to try,but sadly it was time for us to go. It was definitely an exciting trip.If I have a chance to go there again, i will be more than happy to visit the place again.
Best wishes for you!
yours,
各位游客大家好,欢迎你们到颐和园来游玩,我是你们的导游,大家可以称我为“小张”,非常荣幸能为大家提供服务,希望在我的陪伴下,能让您度过愉快的一天,也能让您真正感受到颐和园这座皇家园林的魅力。大家要注意:不要乱走动,不能随地大小便,不能在墙上乱涂乱画。
颐和园位于北京西郊,原为封建帝王的行宫花园。原来的名字叫好山园。清乾隆时改为清漪园。1860年被英法联军所毁。1888年慈禧太后挪用军费重建,改名颐和园。颐和园总面积290万平方米,拥有宫殿园林建筑3000余间,湖水面积约占四分之三。园中景象万千。万寿山丛林葱郁,昆明湖碧水荡漾,构成一幅美丽的皇家园林画卷,是世界著名的旅游胜地。
我先带大家去长廊游玩。进了颐和园的大门,绕过大殿,就来到有名的长廊。绿漆的柱子红漆的栏杆,一眼望不到头。分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画,画着人物、动物、花草、风景,几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊两旁栽满了花木,这一种花还没谢,那一种花又开了。其中人物故事画最引人注目。那就请游客们细细观赏吧!
穿过长廊,就来到万寿山脚下,万寿山地处颐和园的中心部位。南临昆明湖。山上建有佛香阁、排云殿等,山上树木葱浓,宫殿金碧辉煌,是宫庭功能、宗教功能、园林功能的集中体现。这里建筑宏伟,风景秀丽,充分展示了皇宫御苑的皇家气派。各位游客不妨亲自登山,既锻炼了身体,又能沿途欣赏好风景。
接下来我向大家介绍昆明湖。昆明湖面积约200多万平方米。湖边围着长长的堤岸,湖沿有石舫,湖上有好几座式样不同的石桥,其中十七孔桥最引人注目,桥上有上百根石柱,石柱上都刻着各种各样、天然成趣的数百只狮子,它们率真大胆,美不胜收,有的正在绣球上灵巧地做着各种优美的动作,有的几只狮宝宝嬉戏在狮妈妈周围,欢蹦乱跳,尽情玩耍,狮妈妈慈爱地抚摸着小宝宝,眼里流露出欢欣的喜悦,金色的.阳光洒在这些狮子们身上,像给予它们一种生命力,传续着人间动人的故事。
走在桥上,可以看到湖岸柳树成行,湖光山色,风景迷人,是颐和园最有名的景点。走过十七孔桥,就可以观赏湖中小岛上的绚丽风景,那里别有一番情趣的美景真是说也说不尽,道也道不完,用“举世无双,独一无二”来形容她一点也不过分,她就像一颗璀璨的明珠,她的大气,她的精致,她浓郁的人文底蕴深深地吸引着中外游客。
“小张”我真诚地希望您能在这得到美的享受,祝您玩得开心,游得高兴。
Last Sunday we went to the countryside. There was golden wheat all over the fields/The fields were covered with golden wheat. Large and colourful apples and pears were hanging on the trees. We could see some peasants were busy getting in the crops in the fields,and others were picking fruits under the trees. All the baskets were full of lovely fruits. It was also the fruit of the peasants'labour."No pains,no gains."What a magnificent/beautiful picture(it was!It seemed as if we were wandering in a splendid/wonderful world.
I love autumn. I love the harvest time.
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