To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
1、大量开采利用水资源,水资源被污染。
2、①水资源枯竭殆尽;
②人类为自己不珍惜水资源而后悔莫及。
3、列数字作比较我国的水资源十分贫乏。
4、列数字我国人民的生产和生活受到严重影响。
5、不矛盾。因为由于环境污染等因素,大量水资源已无利用价值。
6、①黄浦江水环境日趋恶化;
②咸潮入侵,使黄浦江下游污水上溯。
①随着现代工业的迅速发展和城市化进程的加快,对水的需求量越来越大,大量的开采利用水资源加上水资源的被污染,水的问题已成为当今世界的重大问题之一。本世纪以来,全世界水的消耗量比人口的增长快了两倍,到2025年地球上每个居民所享有的水资源量将比目前减少二分之一,全人类下世纪初便将面临"全面的严重水荒"。联合国的有关专家甚至预言,21世纪的最大问题不是石油,而是水资源。绻我们还不善待生命之源、珍惜节约水资源,那就极有可能rho;檎庋一句振聋发聩之言?"你最后见到的一滴水,就是你自己的眼泪。"
②我国的人口占世界总人口的22%,而淡水占有量仅为8%,人均占有水资源为世界人均的四分之一,被列为世界上13个贫水国之一。我国人民的生产和生活由此受到影响。由于缺水,大量耕地草场废置,土地沙漠化以平均每年2460平方公里的惊人速度扩展,总面积已达1.7万平方公里。由于缺水,地下水严重开采,一些地区的地面沉降,河湖干枯。按照国家建设部规定地面水水源必须在三类以上才能作为水厂的取水水源标准,但目前我国有78%的城市水源不符合标准,缺水已成为威胁中华民族生存和发展的一个紧迫问题。
③濒江临海、以水而兴的上海,水资源状况同样也不容乐观。尽管水资源的总量较为充沛,但可利用的淡水资源却十分有限,可使用的淡水仅占地表水资源的.20%,人均水资源量为全国人均的40%,世界人均的10%。作为全市的80%饮用水水源的黄浦江因水环境日趋恶化,更加重了水资源的短缺,严重影响到上海的生活环境和城市形象。据一项水质检测资料显示,目前市区日均废污排放量达550万吨,一年高达20亿吨,比全年平均降水产生的径流量还多,导致黄浦江及其支流的水质逐渐下降,再加上咸潮的入侵更使得黄浦江下游污水上溯,对城区的水厂取水口造成威胁,由于地表水的严重污染,已使原本水源较为充沛的上海成为水质型的缺水城市。上海已与北京、雅加达、特拉维夫、洛杉矶和休斯顿一起,被联合国的有关专家列为下一世纪饮用水严重缺乏的城市。
④目前我国城市水资源量满足不了城市经济和社会发展的需求与城市水资源普遍受到不同程度污染的现状,决定了我们必须树立珍惜水、节约水、保护水的社会风气。
1.第①段"水的问题已成为当今世界的重大问题之一",造成这种局面的原因是什么?
答:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2."你最后见到的一滴水,就是你自己的眼泪。"这句话有两层意思:①________________________________________________________;②___________________________________
_________________________________。
3.第②段"我国的人口占世界总人口的22%,而淡水占有量仅为8%。"这一句运用了______和________说明方法,说明了_____________________________________。
4.第②段"由于缺水,大量耕地草场废置,土地沙漠化以平均每年2460平方公里的惊人速度扩展,总面积已达160.7万平方公里。"这一句主要运用了____________说明方法,说明了_______________________________________________________________________。
5.第③段"水资源的总量较为充沛"和"可利用的淡水资源却十分有限"是否矛盾?为什么?
答:_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
6.造成上海水资源短缺的原因是:①______________________________________________
②__________________________________________________。
参考答案:
1、大量开采利用水资源,水资源被污染。 2、①水资源枯竭殆尽;②人类为自己不珍惜水资源而后悔莫及。 3、列数字作比较我国的水资源十分贫乏。 4、列数字我国人民的生产和生活受到严重影响。 5、不矛盾。因为由于环境污染等因素,大量水资源已无利用价值。 6、①黄浦江水环境日趋恶化;②咸潮入侵,使黄浦江下游污水上溯。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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