1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
望不见它粉嫩的肌肤、碧绿的拂袖,只闻得它脂粉沁香。我停下脚步,浸没在这梦幻般的花香中。“好香啊!和以前外祖母家的一样香!”母亲像孩子似的贪婪地呼吸着甜香,又忽然回过神来:“明明是你外祖母种得更甜香!记得我小时候啊,你外祖母还会挑最漂亮的一株,去掉上面的小刺,编花冠给我戴呢!”
母亲骄傲地说着,又拍拍脑袋,做外祖母轻抚的样子。我诧异地伫在那儿,看到母亲的童心未泯。“你外祖母呀,手就是那么巧!
每到过年,她总会用面团捏成小动物,什么小狗啦,老黄牛啦,活灵活现。蒸好了,分给各家小孩子们吃。”母亲津津有味地描述着,在我的脑海中塑造着一个个活灵活现的小动物。“真的吗?那母亲等过年也给我做,我要小兔子,行吗?”我瞪着大眼睛向母亲渴望着。又一次,母女俩靠得那么近。“
哈哈!可惜我太笨,手艺失传了。不过我女儿这么心灵手巧,跟着外祖母学定能学会。”“太好啦,跟外祖母学,一定很有意思!”蔷薇花香隐隐地弥漫,母女俩开心地笑起来。若梦境未醒的欢愉。风袭来,梦幻般的香气消失了。母亲醒来,垂下头继续往前走:“可惜,人已经不在了呀……”那时,我醒来了。
望见母亲那泛白的鬓角,母亲一直在后悔,后悔在做女儿的时候没有爱惜母亲的那份爱。这是怎样的两代母女的、亲情的羁绊?我跑上前去,主动牵起母亲的手,紧紧地。毕竟,有多少爱可以重来?
你说你不曾见过时光,我说它可就在你眼前。我常在午后伸手去迎窗外黄澄澄的日光,也常在雨前望着低低着的云层,我在不久前见过遥遥的群山,也会在分秒之后与浪涛问好。你说你不曾见过时光,我说时间荒废得好就成了好的时光。
和家人一起荒废时光,中秋月圆,一方圆桌,从空中洒下阳台的透亮而又细碎的月光。母亲时不时的一两句哼吟,父亲摩挲手掌的憨笑与静默流淌着温柔水波的目光。我吃着最喜欢的豆沙馅的月饼,暂时忘却那些复杂的单词、公式,心中充盈的只有温暖与安适。
和朋友一起荒废时光,几辆颜色各异的脚踏车,不再装着习题书而是水与食物的背包,逆风前行时耳边掠过的欢笑声。河畔旁的草地上铺开的带着褶皱的方格餐布,拥挤着分享食物与心事的一个午后,垂柳继续抽条,野花与心中的向日葵就这样悄然绽放。
和陌生人一起荒废时光,走在路上的一个无意的侧身,排队时一句好心的提醒,不小心掉落却又在几经转折后回到手中的物品。人与人之间的温度在这样无比轻微的细节里升温,不用担心陌生的城市与路途,因为你知道好的时光充满未知,需要勇气与信心来填满。
和自己一起荒废时光,翻开一本书掸去书页上的灰尘,不再是满目的数学题不用去揣度老师的用意怎样才能拿最高的分数,满足自己小小的私欲,随着主人公一起过另一种人生。夜幕降临,便提笔,潇潇洒洒的记述一段趣事、一程风雨,人生百态,此时的方圆几里只有静静流淌的时光与秉持赤子之心的你我。
被工作与学习占满的时光虽意义卓群,但那不是唯一最好的时光。最好的时光还要用来“荒废”,用来和各种各样的人与事物一起共度。正如《踏雪寻梅》中所唱,一只毛驴,一个晴天,一缕花香,一串叮铃作响的铃铛和一个意性正浓的你我。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
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