读完奥斯汀的这部著作,没有我买书时的那种期待,在读书时就知道她的这部作品很是有名,现在才一赌它的风采,看完了却没有期待时的那种感觉,这或许就是所说的.希望与希望往往是成反比的吧!
在《傲慢与偏见》中写了四桩婚姻,女主人翁简和伊丽莎白正如现在的电视剧剧情一样,先苦后甜,她们没有办法选择自己的家庭和出身,但是却能博得有钱绅士的宠爱。简的大方得体,宽容忍让使她拥有了和宾利这一份美满的婚姻。而她的妹妹伊丽莎白却用自己的冷静、聪明与理智赢得了达西的真爱。她们有一个共同的爱情观就是:做什么都可以,没有爱情千万不要结婚。正如书中一开场就说到的那样:一个家财万贯的单身汉,必定需要一位太太,这是一条举世公认的真理。宾利和达西这两个家财万贯的男人再次把这一真理诠释的淋漓尽致。
在这四桩婚姻中还有一桩很不被大家称赞的婚姻,这也和那两姐妹的爱情观完全不同的卢卡斯,她既不看中男人,也不看中夫妻生活,结婚只是她人生的目标。同样她也会被我们这些人看作她也拥有一段幸福婚姻。在我们的生活中,人们看到的往往是表面现象,正如卢卡斯和他的爱人一样,相互间没有感情,只有夫妻间的彬彬有礼,尽管如此他们的生活也正如别人所看到的那样,和谐、幸福、美满,但这其中只有他们自己才知道真正的滋味。
在我们的现实生活中,像卢卡斯这样的婚姻不在少数,尽管现在人们的个性意识很强,可是往往在现实面前他们还是选择了如卢卡斯一样的生活,我自己也想过去过那样的生活,至少自己不会为家人朋友的不悦而担心,可自己选择外出打工,就是想摆脱被束缚的生活,我不想再做一个在别人看来很听话的人,我想做回真正的自己,去选择自己想要的生活,或许我的选择在他们看来是那么的不如意,可我相信自己的选择,也无悔自己的选择。
昨夜饮茶过度,睡意全无,读罢钱老(钱钟书之作《一个偏见》,正值丑时三刻,鄙人浮想联翩,几生幻想……“偏见”,并非站在比萨斜塔上张望(玩笑话,而是对客观事物的某种主观认知。具有偏见,说明有独到的思想见解,就胜于人云亦云之流。
鄙人倒有一套自己的“偏见”。何谓“偏见”,成见乎? 非也非也。“偏见”乃是蕴藏真理之思想,具有主见之凭证,不苟同于他人之行为,且非它也。
众所周知,早在公元前 340 年,希腊哲学家亚里士多德就认为地球是静止的。公元 2 世纪,这个思想被托勒密的“地心说”所代替,并被基督教会接纳。然而,1514 年,波兰教士尼古拉·哥白尼破天荒地提出了一个“偏见”——“日心说”(这当然是建立在近十年天文观测和研究的基础之上的,由此,“地心说”的理论开始逐渐宣告死亡。
由此可见,一个“偏见”可以产生一种理论,一个“偏见”可以改变人的一生,一个“偏见”可以推动人类文明的进程。
“日心说”在 16 世纪之前是个“偏见”,尽管它的提出推动了天文学的发展,现在看来也依然是个偏见——太阳并非宇宙的\'中心。哥白尼凭着对宇宙有限的认知程度而提出“日心说”,此大谬也。
“地球、太阳乃至银河系,都不是宇宙的中心”——这是如今科学的说法。然而,史蒂芬·霍金在其著作《时间简史》中说道:“在一个无限的宇宙,每一点都可以认为是中心,因为在它的每一边都有无限颗恒星。” 并且,人类目前并未真正掌握宇宙的轮廓、结构,尽管宇宙中存在光谱的红移现象,也很难排除万有引力定律的干扰,又如何去证实“地心说”与“日心说”的荒谬所在呢? 难道它们完全没有正确的可能性吗? 也许在若干年后,“地球、太阳乃至银河系,都不是宇宙的中心”这句话又是一个偏见。
我们在对未知事物的探索与研究中的确需要一些偶然因素,正如第一颗小行星的意外发现,一个当时被看作是“偏见”,却可能是引燃真理的一簇小火苗。
“偏见”,并非智者的专利,它广泛地存在于人们的思想意识中。“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。”你我都可以是畅想家和预言家,因为我们都多少有一些“偏见”。留下的,是用行动去努力验证它、支持它,然后就请岁月来检验它吧。
你觉得媒体存在偏见吗?为什么美国主流媒体把一些人的激情演说称之为自由演讲,而另一些人的演讲却被他们称之为煽动性的恐怖主义?美国媒体精英是怎样和美国社会相脱节的呢?……太多太多的问题了。这些问题的答案都可以从这本书中找到。如果我们作为一个普通的受众,曾经怀疑过新闻篡改了事实,那么在这本书里,伯纳德戈德堡不仅会告诉我们这是对的,还会告诉我们这种篡改的实施过程,以及在电视新闻里消失了的公平、公正和诚实的品质。
读完这本书,归纳新闻报道的偏见可能是来自于以下这几个方面的:1、报道的不平衡,不能充分反映冲突双方的意见。媒体的偏见性往往是通过记者编辑巧妙的遣词造句穿插到新闻当中的。比如说,对于记者想要赞同的声音,他们就会在前面加一个受人尊敬的头衔,例如“教授某某”、“博士”“自由主义者某某”“受政府压压制的人”,用来显示他的言论的客观性或者是这样可以获得公众的同情。其实,这种意见只是反映了记者的个人的价值观而已。2、“政治上的正确性原则”。为了符合政治上的正确性原则,记者在新闻报道中会自觉地遵守某些禁区。这种政治模板变成了美国记者报道新闻的.正确方式,直到最后变成公众们认识世界的正确方式。3、来自游说和利益集团的压力。在美国新闻界内部有一句话:“不要让事实影响一条好新闻!”这样看来,不如说记者是为了实现某种政治议程的社会活动家,而不是为了满足公众的知情权。4、来自大公司的控制。5、传媒大腕们与现实生活严重脱节。伯纳德戈德堡说:“记者可以不断地犯报道性错误,但是,他决不可让观众感到乏味。”
作者在<你从电视上看不到的重大新闻>这一章节里举例子说,电视新闻告诉我们,美国学生不像其他先进国家的孩子那样热爱学习。他记得曾经有一些报道说,这可能要归咎到经济文化因素上。但是另外一个解释其实也很明显。有人说在美国很多家庭里面,当孩子为做作业发愁需要帮助的时候,他们找不到人,因为妈妈和爸爸都去上班了。清华大学教授李希光读完此书的思考是:“新闻不能变成媒体。媒体最高的追求是收视率和利润。而新闻的最高追求是事实和真相。收视率需要娱乐、悬念,而真相往往是乏味的、没有戏剧化的故事。”他认为,无论读者个人的立场或者价值观和偏见如何,只要你尊重真理、尊重事实,作为一个诚实的知识分子,你就会通过认真思考伯纳德戈德堡在这本书里面讲述的事实和故事了,最后做出自己的判断和结论。
《偏见》是一本很重要的书,是一本很无畏的书。《美国新闻及世界报道》的作者约翰利奥说:“媒体的可信度的惊人缺乏来自于每天记者和读者、观众观点的冲撞。‘偏见是秃子头上的虱子’,一位批评家这样认为。”当我们看完这本书,“更加无法忽略这虱子了”
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶位太太,这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。这样的单身汉,每逢新搬到一个地方,四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何,见解如何,可是,既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心目中根深蒂固,因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。
"My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?"
有一天班纳特太太对她的丈夫说:“我的好老爷,尼日斐花园终于租出去了,你听说过没有?”
Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.
班纳特先生回答道,他没有听说过。
"But it is," returned she; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it."
“的确租出去了,”她说,“朗格太太刚刚上这儿来过,她把这件事的底细,一五一十地告诉了我。”
Mr. Bennet made no answer.
班纳特先生没有理睬她。
"Do not you want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently.
“你难道不想知道是谁租去的吗?”太太不耐烦地嚷起来了。
"You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it."
“既是你要说给我听,我听听也无妨。”
This was invitation enough.
这句话足够鼓励她讲下去了。
"Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week."
“哦!亲爱的,你得知道,郎格太太说,租尼日斐花园的\'是个阔少爷,他是英格兰北部的人;听说他星期一那天,乘着一辆驷马大轿车来看房子,看得非常中意,当场就和莫理斯先生谈妥了;他要在‘米迦勒节’以前搬进来,打算下个周未先叫几个佣人来住。”
"What is his name?"
“这个人叫什么名字?”
"Bingley."
“彬格莱。”
"Is he married or single?"
“有太太的呢,还是单身汉?”
"Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!"
“噢!是个单身汉,亲爱的,确确实实是个单身汉!一个有钱的单身汉;每年有四五千磅的收入。真是女儿们的福气!”
"How so? how can it affect them?"
“这怎么说?关女儿女儿们什么事?”
"My dear Mr. Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them."
“我的好老爷,”太太回答道,“你怎么这样叫人讨厌!告诉你吧,我正在盘算,他要是挑中我们一个女儿做老婆,可多好!”
"Is that his design in settling here?"
“他住到这儿来,就是为了这个打算吗?”
"Design! nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes."
“打算!胡扯,这是哪儿的话!不过,他倒作兴看中我们的某一个女儿呢。他一搬来,你就得去拜访拜访他。”
"I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better; for, as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party."
“我不用去。你带着女儿们去就得啦,要不你干脆打发她们自己去,那或许倒更好些,因为你跟女儿们比起来,她们哪一个都不能胜过你的美貌,你去了,彬格莱先生倒可能挑中你呢?”
"My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be any thing extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty."
“我的好老爷,你太捧我啦。从前也的确有人赞赏过我的美貌,现在我可有敢说有什么出众的地方了。一个女人家有了五个成年的女儿,就不该对自己的美貌再转什么念头。”
Many people simply regard Pride and Prejudice as a love story, but in my opinion, this book is an illustration of the society at that time. She perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters. The characters have their own personalities. Mrs. Bennet is a woman who makes great efforts to marry off her daughters. Mr. Bingley is a friendly young man, but his friend, Mr. Darcy, is a very proud man who seems to always feel superior. Even the five daughters in Bennet family are very different. Jane is simple, innocent and never speaks evil of others. Elizabeth is a clever girl who always has her own opinion. Mary likes reading classic books. (Actually she is a pedant. Kitty doesn’t have her own opinion but likes to follow her sister, Lydia. Lydia is a girl who follows exotic things, handsome man, and is somehow a little profligate. When I read the book, I can always find the same personalities in the society now. That is why I think this book is indeed the representative of the society in Britain in the 18th century.
The family of gentleman in the countryside is Jane Austen’s favourite topic. But this little topic can reflect big problems. It concludes the stratum situation and economic relationships in Britain in her century. You can find these from the very beginning of this book.
The first sentence in this book is impressive. It reads: “It is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in possession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife”. The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession.
People always think that Austen was an expert at telling love stories. In fact, the marriage in her book is not the result of love, but the result of economic needs. After reading this book, I know the truth is that a poor woman must be in need of a husband, a wealthy man.
I couldn’t forget how eager Mrs. Bennet wants to marry off her daughters. If you want to know why she is so crazy about these things, I must mention the situation in Britain at that time. Only the eldest son had the privilege of inheriting his father’s possessions. Younger sons and daughters who are used to luxurious lives have no choice but marry a man or woman in possession of a large fortune to continue their comfortable lives. Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to become wealthier, particularly for women without many possessions. Jane Austen told us that money and possession determined everything, including marriage and love in her century.
In “Pride and Prejudice”, the sister of Mr. Bingley strongly opposed his plan of marrying Jane because the Bennets don’t have many possessions and their social positions are much lower than them. From this, we can see there are a lot of obstacles for a not very rich woman to marry a wealthy husband. The society, the relatives would not allow them to get married.
In modern society, although the marriages of economic needs have decreased rapidly, the concept of “money determines everything” is still rooted in some people’s mind. A lot of parents try hard to interfere their children’s marriages. Education background, possessions, jobs remains the main reason that may influence one’s marriage. Marry for money is still a big problem in our society. We can’t help thinking: can money determine everything?
Austen left this problem for us to think. The genius of Jane Austen lies in this perfect simplicity, the simplicity that reflects big problems. Although Austen was only 21 when she wrote “Pride and Prejudice”, her sharp observation of social lives makes the style of this book surprisingly mature and lively. The plots in her works are always very natural. The development of the plot is as inevitable as a problem in mathematics. I think the depth of Pride and Prejudice is the reason that makes this book prominent and classic. Today, her book still can be the guide telling us the economic relationships both at her time and in modern time.
《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材,一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法,生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者,时至今日,仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。
奥斯汀在这部小说中通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理,表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻情问题的不同态度,从而反映了作者本人的婚姻观:为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的;而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此,她既反对为金钱而结婚,也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强调理想婚姻的重要性,并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。书中的女主人公伊丽莎白出身于小地主家庭,为富豪弟达西所热。达西不顾门第和财富的差距,向她求婚,却遭到拒绝。伊丽莎白对他的误会和偏见是一个原因,但主要的是她讨厌他的傲慢。因为达西的这种傲慢实际上是地位差异的反映,只要存在这种傲慢,他与伊丽莎白之间就不可能有共同的思想感情,也不可能有理想的婚姻。以后伊丽莎白亲眼观察了达西的为人处世和一系列所作所为,特别是看到他改变了过去那种骄傲自负的神态,消除了对他的误会和偏见,从而与他缔结了美满姻缘。伊丽莎白对达西先后几次求婚的不同态度,实际上反映了女性对人格独立和平等权利的追求。这是伊丽莎白这一人物形象的进步意义。
从小说看,伊丽莎白聪敏机智,有胆识,有远见,有很强的自尊心,并善于思考问题。就当时一个待嫁闺中的小姐来讲,这是难能可贵的。正是由于这种品质,才使她在问题上有独立的主见,并导致她与达西组成美满的家庭。
在《傲慢与偏见》中,奥斯汀还写了伊丽莎白的几个姐妹和女友的婚事,这些都是陪衬,用来与女主人公理想的婚姻相对照。如夏绿蒂和柯林斯尽管婚后过着舒适的物质生活,但他们之间没有,这种婚姻实际上是掩盖在华丽外衣下的社会悲剧。
奥斯丁的小说尽管题材比较狭窄,故事相当平淡,但是她善于在日常平凡事物中塑造鲜明的人物形象,不论是伊丽莎白、达西那种作者认为值得肯定的人物,还是魏克翰、柯林斯这类遭到讽刺挖苦的对象,都写得真实动人。同时,奥斯丁的语言是经过锤炼的,她在对话艺术上讲究幽默、讽刺,常以风趣诙谐的语言来烘托人物的性格特征。这种艺术创新使她的作品具有自己的特色。
读书的时候,我常常把自己代入书中的人物,从每件事情中给自己做比较,得到了一些体会,日后有则改之,无则加勉。读书心得:
1、是一件很美好的事情,但是不宜轻率,应该深思熟虑后才决定自己的一生幸福。
2、选择人的时候,目光不能太短视,只见其长,不见其短,会失去自己的幸福和遭人鄙视。
3、做人有时候一定要坚持原则,在任何强大的压力面前都不能退缩,这一点,说起来容易,做到就很难了,我们要有自己的底线,不能放弃立场。
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