so…that,too…to和enoughto
so…that,too…to和enoughto都是初中英语教材中的重要结构,在一定条件下它们可以相互转换,并经常成为中考考查的热点之一。先请看下面两道中题:
1.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
Heis____________________that____________________gotoschool.
2.Shewassoweakthatshecouldn?ttakecareofherbaby.
Shewas__________weak__________takecareofherbaby.
(答案:1.soold;hecan2.too;to)
那么在什么情况下三者可以相互转换呢?
一、so…that与too…to的转换
当that引导的从句为否定式且从句主语与主句的主语相同时,so…that可转换为too…to结构;若从句主语与主句的主语不相同时,so…that可转换为too…forsbto结构。例如:Sheissoyoungthatshecan?tgotoschool.=Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.
Theboxissoheavythathecan?tcarryit.=Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry
二、so…that与enoughto的转换
1.当that引导的从句为肯定式时,若从句主语与主句主语相同时,so…that可转换为enoughto结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so…that可转换为enoughforsbto结构。例如:XiaoLinissooldthathecangotoschool.=XiaoLinisoldenoughtogotoschool.Theboxissolightthathecancarryit.=Theboxislightenoughforhimtocarry.
2.当that引导的从句为否定式时,若从句主语与主句主语相同时,so…that可转换为enoughto的否定结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so…that可转换为enoughforsbto的否定结构。同时要注意,转换后的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。例如:
Themanissooldthathecan?tgotowork.=Themanisn?tyoungenoughtogotowork.ThedeskissoheavythatIcan?tmoveit.=Thedeskisn?tlightenoughformetomove.
三、enoughto的`句式为否定式时,enoughto可以转换为too…to结构。
转换后的too…to结构中的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。例如:
Heisnotoldenoughtodothework.=Heistooyoungtodothework.
Theproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.=Theproblemisn?teasyenoughformetoworkout.
so与such用法
都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思,可进行同义改写,但用法不同。
1.so是副词,修饰形容词和副词;而such是形容词,修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时,词序不同。
so的词序为:so+adj.+a(an)+n.
such的词序为:such+a(an)+adj.+n.
它们可以表达同样的意思,因此它们可以进行同义改写。
soniceacoat=suchanicecoat这么漂亮的一件外套
sointerestingabook=suchaninterestingbook那么有趣的一本书
补给站:后面接复数名词或不可数名词时,只能用such,而不能用so.如:
suchbeautifulflowers这么美丽的花
suchcleverchildren如此聪明的孩子
但是,复数名词或不可数名词前有many,few,much,little等表示数量的词修饰时,只能用so而不能用such,这是一种固定用法。如:
somanybooks这么多书
sofewpeople这么少的人
somuchmoney那么多的钱
solittlemilk那么少的牛奶
需要提醒的是,little还可作
为“小”的意思,这个时候仍然用such。Ihaveneverseensuchlittlesheepbefore.
2.和“that”连用时,意思基本一样,但句型结构不同。“so…that…”句型结构为:so+adj.(adv.)+that…
so+adj.+a(an)+单数n.+that…
so+many(few)+复数n.+that…so+much(little)+不可数n.+that…如:
ThisbookissointerestingthatIhavereaditthreetimes.这本书如此有趣,我已经看了三遍。Hespokesofastthatwecouldn?tunderstandhim.他说得太快,我们都未能听懂他的话。Itwassohotadaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.天气很热,谁都不想干活。
Thereweresomanypeoplethatwecouldhardlymoveon.这么多人,我们简直无法继续往前走。
“such…that…”句型结构为:
such+a(an)+adj.+单数n.+that…
such+adj.+复数n.+that…
such+adj.+不可数n.+that…
Sheissuchaprettygirlthateveryonelikesher.她是个很可爱的小姑娘,大家都喜欢她。TheyaresuchdeliciouscakesthatIwanttoeatanothertwo.这么可口的蛋糕,我还想再吃两块。
Itissuchsweetmilkthatweallwanttodrinkit.这么香的牛奶,我们都想喝。
补给站:由于so和such后跟单数可数名词时,可以换用,同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中:ThisbookissointerestingthatIhavereaditthreetimes.可改写成:ThisissuchaninterestingbookthatIhavereaditthreetimes.
Itwassohotadaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.可改写成:Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.
4.当so…that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时,可与be…enoughtodo替换;当为否定句时,可与too…to…或benot+该形容词的反义词enoughtodo替换。
Heissoyoungthathecan?tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.
=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.
3.so与that可以直接构成词组“sothat”,引导目的状语从句,表示“以便、”的意思。从句中常用can/could/will/should等情态动词。
如:
Heworkedhardsothathecouldpasstheexams.为了能通过考试,他学习很认真。(但such没有这种用法)
练习
(1.Shewas____welldressedthatsheattractedeveryone?sattentionattheparty.
A.soB.quiteC.tooD.very
(2.Whenthefirebrokeout,manypeoplewereso_______thattheyran_______.
A.frightening;wildB.frightened;wild
C.frightened;wildlyD.frightening;wildly(失去控制地)
(3.Itwas_________musicthatIlostmyselfinit.
A.suchabeautifulB.sobeautifula
C.sobeautifulD.suchbeautiful
(4.Wearrived______latethattherewerenoseatsleft.
A.muchB.tooC.soD.very
(5.Ilikethepopstar_______thatInevermisshisconcert.
A.verymuchB.toomuchC.quitemuchD.somuch
(6.Themusicinthesupermarketsoundedso______thatIwantedtoleaveatonce.
A.softB.wonderfulC.friendlyD.noisy
(7.Curingsickpeopleis_______important_______doctorsmustbecareful.
A.too;toB.so;thatC.enough;toD.such;that
(8.Thequestionis_______thatnobodycananswerit.
A.veryhardB.toodifficultC.strangeenoughD.sostrange
(9.Thatfilmwasso_______thatmostoftheaudience(观众keptscreaminginfear(惊恐地)whilewatchingitlastnight.
A.excitingB.frighteningC.boringD.amazing
(10.Thisis_______difficultproblemthatfewstudentscanworkitout.
A.soB.soaC.suchD.sucha
(11.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone_______animportantjob_______thepatientsareallgratefultothem.
n.奥比斯(一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的国际性慈善机构),orbis在拉丁文中有“眼睛”的意思。
A.too;toB.so;thatC.such;thatD.as;as
1.Thegirlistooshorttogetontheelephant.(改为同义句
①Thegirl_________________________togetontheelephant.②Thegirl____________thatshe___________getontheelephant.③Theelephant_____________thatthegirlgeton____.④Theelephant_________enough______thegirl______geton.⑤Theelephant__________tall______thegirl_______geton.Thepandaissofatthatitcan’tgothroughthehole.(改写为同一意思的句子
Thehole________________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn’tskateonit.(改写为同一意思的句子Theiceonthelakewasnot_______enough_______people______________Mr.Kingisverybusyatwork.Hecan’ttakeaholiday.(改为同义句
Mr.Kingis______________________takeaholiday.
Mygrandfatheristoooldtotravelaround.(改为同义句
Mygrandfatheris_______old______he________travelaroundany______.
1.Mybrotherwassocleverthathecouldworkouttheproblem.(改为同义句Mybrother__________________________workouttheproblem.
2.Theboxisn’tlightenoughforhimtocarry.(改为同义句
Thebox________________________forhim________carry.
3.Heisveryshort.Hecan’treachthebookontheshelf.(合并为一句
Heis________________________reachthebookontheshelf.
4.Thewaterwassodirty.Wecan’tdrinkit.(改为同义句
Thewaterwastoo__________________________________.
5.Thewaterinthisriverisverydirty.Fishescan’tliveinit.
Thewaterinthisriveris____________thatfishes___________init.
6.Mybrothergotuplateyesterday.Hewaslateforschool.
Mybrothergotup________that
关于too---to和enough转换的专项训练
第一组:
他太小了不能工作。_____________________________
要工作,他还不够大。_____________________________
第二组:
这个女孩太矮了,看不见它。_____________________________要看到它,女孩不够高。_____________________________第三组:
这个男孩太小了搬不动箱子。_____________________________
要搬动箱子,这个男孩还不够高。_____________________________第四组:
这个问题对我来说太难回答了。_____________________________对我来说,这道问题答起来不容易。_____________________________
第五组:
这个车太贵了,我买不起。_____________________________这个车我要买还不够便宜。_____________________________
第六组:
这些蛋糕太馊了不能吃。_____________________________这些蛋糕不够新鲜不能吃。_____________________________
第七组:
对她来说,这个梨太硬了不能吃。_____________________________这个梨对她来说吃起来还不够软。_____________________________
一般疑问句、否定句
1.Lindaoftendoesherhomeworkafterschool.(改为一般疑问句
________Lindaoften________herhomeworkafterschool?
2.Marysentherfriendacardtowishhimahappybirthday.(改为一般疑问句
Maryherfriendacardtowishhimahappybirthday?
3.Hisfatherknowssomethingabouthowtocreatecomicstrips.(改为否定句
Hisfather_________know_________abouthowtocreatecomicstrips.
4.MyhusbandhasneversentflowerstohismotheronMother’sDay.(改为一般疑问句_________yourhusband_________sentflowerstohismotheronMother’sDay?
5.Weshalldonatemoneyandclothestothosewhoneedhelp.(改为一般疑问句)____________we___________moneyandclothestothosewhoneedhelp?
6.Iwanttosendthisletterbyexpressmail.(改为一般疑问句
__________you__________tosendthisletterbyexpressmail?
7.BothmysisterandIlikereadingcomicstrips.(改为否定句
_______ofus_______readingcomicstrips.
8.Mary’sfathertoldherhowtosolvetheproblemimmediately.(改为否定句
Mary’sfather__________________herhowtosolvetheproblemimmediately.
9.TheGreeksoldierscapturedtheTrojansthroughatrickatlast.(改为一般疑问句
____________theGreeksoldiers____________theTrojansthroughatrickatlast?
10.Martinhastowalktoschoolearlyinthemorning.(改为否定句)
Martin____________towalktoschoolearlyinthemorning.
11.Kittyhaspianolessonsatweekends.(改为一般疑问句
Kittypianolessonsatweekends?
12.Theremovalmanputthewashingmachinenexttothefridge.(改为否定句
Theremovalman________________thewashingmachinenexttothefridge
13.Peterhasalreadyfinishedhisproject.(改为否定句
Peter________finishedhisproject________.
14.Bothofthetwinslikepopmusic.(改为否定句
______ofthetwins______popmusic.
15.KatehasalreadyboughtacatfromMr.Wo’spetshop.(改为否定句
Kate__________boughtacarfromMr.Wo’spetshop__________.
16.Samdrovetoworkyesterdaymorning.(改为否定句
Sam__________________toworkyesterdaymorning.
17.Brucehastolookafterhislittlebrotheratweekends.(改为一般疑问句
_________Bruce_________tolookafterhislittlebrotheratweekends?18.Mylittlesondidsomereadingbeforegoingtobedlastnight.(改为一般疑问句)___________yourlittleson_____________anyreadingbeforegoingtobed?
同义句
1.Theolderhegets,themoreforgetfulhebecomes.(保持原句意思)
Hebecomesmoreforgetful________________.
2.Sarahcan’tunderstandtheFrenchfilm.Cindycan’tunderstandit,either.(合并为一句
________Sarah________CindycanunderstandtheFrenchfilm.Itwas________cold________thedrivercouldn’tgettheenginestarted.3.Itwastoocoldforthedrivertogettheenginestarted.(保持句意基本不变
4.Alicedoessportsafterschool.Bendoessportsafterschool,too.(保持句意不变)Alicedoesportsafterschool.____________Ben.
5.Thefirewassofierce(凶猛的thatnobodycouldenterthebuildingtorescuepeople.(保持句意基本不变
Thefirewas_________fiercefor_________toenterthebuildingtorescuepeople.
6.Maryfinishedherwork.Thenshewenthome.(合并为一句)
Mary___________gohome_________shefinishedherwork.
7.Ifyouareverycareful,youwillmakefewmistakes(保持句意基本不变
The__________carefulyouare,the__________mistakesyouwillmake.
8.Nancydoesn’twanttoownacar.Alandoesn’twanttowonacar,either.(合并为一句__________Nancy__________Alanwantstoownacar.
9.Usethelinkmethodsothatyoucanimproveourmemory.(改为简单句
Usethelinkmethod__________________toimproveourmemory.
10.Youwillbeunhealthyifyoudon’tdoexerciseregularly.(保持句意基本不变
Youwillbeunhealthy_________you_________exerciseregularly.
11.Tokeeptheroomclean,weneedtowashpetdogsregularly.(保持句意基本不变
Weneedto
washpetdogsregularly________________________wecankeeptheroomclean.
12.Iwillcallthepoliceifthatnoisedoesn’tstopsoon.(保持句意基本不变
Iwillcallthepolice____________thatnoise____________soon.
13.Theicecreamwillmelt,soyou’dbetterputitinthefridgeatonce.(保持句意基本不变Theicecreamwillmelt______you______putitinthefridgeatonce.
14.LittleTomatetoomanychocolates.Hehadtoothache.(两句合并为一句
LittleTomate_________manychocolates_________hehadtoothache.
15.ThemagazineyouarereadingisJane’s.(保持句意基本不变
Themagazineyouarereading______________Jane.
16.Ericdidthesciencetestmostquicklyinourclass.(保持句意基本不变
Ericdidthesciencetest________________thananyotherstudentinourclass.
17.Ifyoudon’tcleanyourteethregularly,youwillgettoothache.(保持句意基本不变You________gettoothache________youcleanyourteethregularly.
18.Peterwillgotojail.Johnwillnotgotojail.(合并成一句
Peterwillgotojail____________John.
19.We’veaskedmymothertolookafterthekidswhenweareaway.(保持句意基本不变We’veaskedmymotherto____________________thekidswhenweareaway.
20.DetectiveKenexaminedtheroomcarefullyinordertofindsomeclues.(保持句意基本不变
DetectiveKenexaminedtheroomcarefully____________________hecouldfindsomeclues.
21.Iboughtmyprivatecartenyearsago.(保持句意基本不变
I__________________myprivatecarfortenyears.
22.Takethemaglevtrain,oryouwillbelatefortheplane.(保持句意基本不变
You_________belatefortheplane_________youtakethemaglevtrain.23.Jackwasverytall.Hewasabletoreachthebookontheshelf.(保持句意基本不变Jackwas_________________________toreachthebookontheshelf.
1.TheterribleearthquakedestroyedmanyhousesinWenchuanin2008.(改为被动语态ManyhousesinWenchuan________________bytheterribleearthquakein2008.
2.Abigfiredamagedahigh-risebuildinginShanghaitwomonthsago.(改为被动语态
Ahigh-risebuilding________________byabigfireinShanghaitwomonthsago.
3.Youwritealltheanswersontheanswersheet.(改成被动语态
Alltheanswers____________ontheanswersheet.
4.Thegovernmenthelpedthevictimsofthe11.15Fire.(改为被动语态)
The____________ofthe11.15Fire____________helpedbythegovernment.
5.Thereporterwillinterviewthewinnerof“China’sgotTalent”thisevening.(改为被动语态Thewinnerof“China’sgotTalent”will____________________bythereporterthisevening.
6.MyfriendJoneswrotesomearticlesaboutmemorylastmonth.(改为被动语态
Somearticlesaboutmemory______________bymyfriendJoneslastmonth.
7.Wegavetwopandas,KaiKaiandXinXintoMacaoasagiftlastyear.(改为被动语态Twopandas,KaiKaiandXinXin__________________toMacaoasagiftlastyear.
8.Wecancompletetheworkaheadoftime.(改为被动语态
Theworkcan________________________aheadoftime.
9.Mr.LichosetenstudentstotakepartintheEnglishreadingcontestlastweek.(改被动)
Tenstudents______________totakepartintheEnglishreadingcontestbyMr.Lilastweek.
10.Paulmadethreemodelplaneslastyear.(改为被动语态
Threemodelplanes______________byPaullastyear.
11.Myfatheroftenusesacomputerinhiswork.(改为被动语态
Acomputer________often________inmyfather’swork.
12.Recently,peoplefoundahugeegginachickenhouseinEngland.(改成被动语态Recently,ahugeegg____________inachickenhouseinEngland.
13.Theartistswillpaintmorebeautifulpicturesinthefuture.(改为被动语态)
Morebeautifulpictureswill____________________bytheartistsinthefuture.
14.WewillbuildmoreundergroundlinesinShanghaiinthefuture.(改为被动语态
Moreundergroundlineswill________________inShanghaiinthefuture.
15.WecanseepapercuttinginmanypartsofChinaduringtheSpringFestival.(改被动
Papercuttingcan__________________inmanypartsofChinaduringtheSpringFestival.16.Theythrewsomerubbishintotheriveratnightdaysago.(改为被动语态
Somerubbish______________________intotheriveratnightdaysago.
(对划线部分提问
________________isShanghaiNo.1DepartmentStoreopen?
2.(对划线部分提问________________hasLucyworkedinthiscompanysinceshegraduated?(对划线部分提问)__________________youinterviewsomeofherneighbors?对划线部分提问
__________________thelittleboygetupearlyinthemorning?
5.BobpreparedfortheNewYear’(对划线部分提问)______________________BobpreparefortheNewYear’spartyofourclass?
6(对划线部分提问
____________________didtheShanghaiWorldExpolast?
7.对划线部分提问
______________theoldmanandhiswifelivetwentyyearsago?
8.(对划线部分提问
__________________Alicecompletethesciencetestinyourclass?(对划线部分提问
________________________havetheylivedinHongKong?就划线部分提问__________mycousinsoftenkeepintouchwiththeirfriends?对划线部分提问______________Aliceboughtsomepaperflowers?
12.Cheng’eII(划线部分提问
________________didChang’eIIRockettraveltothemoon?(对划线部分提问
____________istheirnewcompanyfromthecitycenter?对划线部分提问____________________hasUncleDaminusedcormorantstocatchfish?
15.John’对划线部分提问__________________isJohngoingtomeettheexchangestudentsfromtheUS?
16.isheldforababy’sfirst-monthbirthday.(对划线部分提问
__________________heldforababy’sfirst-monthbirthdayinChineseculture?对划线部分提问
_______________________isitfromheretothePeople'sSquare?
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