一、选文(1)(2)段顺序能否对调?请说明理由
这一试题有两种答法:(1)不能。因为这几段和第X段的XX几句是一一对应关系。
(2)不能。因为这几段存在着逻辑顺序或时间上的先后关系。
(或不符合人们的认知习惯)
二、问议论文开头第一段的作用?
(1)作为文章的理论论据。(2)引出论点或论题。(3)增强文章的趣味性,激发读者的阅读兴趣。
三、请你简析XX段的论证过程?
(1)先(正反两方面)举出XX事例或者道理论据,然后得出什么结论(或证明什么观点)分、总。
(2)首先提出什么观点,接着用XX事例(从正反两方面)或者道理论据进行论证,最后得出XX结论(或说明了XX的道理)总、分、总。
四、文段中用了什么论证方法?有何作用?
(1)论证方法:道理论证(引证法)﹑举例论证(例证法)﹑比喻论证(喻证法)﹑对比论证。这是初中常用的四种论证方法。以后还可学到归谬法和类比法。
(2)论证方法的作用:
道理论证:通过引用X的话,充分有力证明Y观点、增强文章的说服力。
举例论证:通过举X的例子,具体有力的证明Y观点、从而使论证更具体更有说服力(或增强文章的趣味性,吸引读者)。
比喻论证:把X比作Y,形象生动、通俗易懂的证明Z观点、从而把抽象深奥的道理阐述的生动形象,浅显易懂。
对比论证:通过X与Y对比,鲜明、有力的证明Z观点、使论证更有说服力,增强文章的`趣味。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1、重点词语的语境义。重点词语包括文中出现频率较高的词语、成语和指示代词。不管是词语还是成语,要回答的都是在本文语境下的基本含义。考生要查找上下文相关信息字样,结合作者想要表达的思想感情来答出比喻义、引申义或深刻义。一般来说代词“这”的答案肯定到前面去找,“那”或者“其”的答案要参看前后句子的具体语境来作答。
2、重要句子的语境义。重要句子包括难句、修辞句、过渡句、呼应句、哲理句、总结性语句。难句答题时需结合作者所要表达的思想感情,可分成“由表及里的语境义”、“语言表达的表现点”、“思想层面的深刻义”、“作者言外之意的潜台词”等几个层面来答。修辞句要关注修辞的比喻和对比(衬托),解释比喻的本体、喻体和相似点,以及该比喻句蕴涵的思想感情,考生可再答上“生动、形象使读者容易理解,增强了感染力,能引起共鸣。”过渡句在结构上的作用或是承上或是启下,或是承上启下,主要是为了诠释前面的内容或者结构上的照应。过渡句都是前呼后应,一般找到应句后还要答出呼应的作用,尤其是佐证的具体内容。哲理句包括两种,一种是引用名人名言佐证自己观点或引出问题,考生要答出作者引用的目的;一种是作者自己写出来的,这往往是文章的中心和闪光点,考生要认真体味,领会其内涵。
3、题目的作用或含义,以此为题的妙处。考生一般只要答出文章主要描写对象,也可能是线索,或答出具体特征就基本到位了。但有时必须答出题目的深刻义、象征义,才有望得满分。
4、整体感悟。整体感悟就是筛选和整合信息的过程,是咀嚼总结性语句、整体把握文意的基本方法。黄老师建议考生拿到一篇文章时,先读题目和首、尾段,弄清楚作者在说什么,然后对照文章(段)后的考题再读每段的首、尾句,即抓总结性语句,弄清每段的内容。
5、主观开放题,主观开放题有“谈对文中某个观点的看法”、“仿照例句”、“写思想教育意义读后感”、“谈写做特色借鉴”、“扩写”等。考生答此类题,不管是同意还是反对都必须写出充足的理由,字数不能太少,可采用多种修辞手法,使答案丰满。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.