建构主义学习理论认为,学习不是简单的信息积累,更重要的是包含新旧知识经验的冲突。以及由此而引发的认知结构的***。“联系”与“思考”是意义构建的关键。小学英语句型教学应培养学生通过对知识的主动探索和发现来建构所学知识的意义。
《牛津小学英语》教材的编写采用循环式编排方式。以时间表达的句型为例,这套教材在3B、4A、5B的教材中先后三次在相关单元安排了时间表达的不同句型,体现了“循序渐进、逐步扩展、综合复现”的原则。有一位教师在教学5B第七单元“A busy day时安排了4个教学步骤:1 教师出示教具钟。T:What’s the time?(旧知S1:It’s three o’clock,(旧知2 教师将时间拨到3:30。T:What time is it?(新知S2:It’s three thirty,(旧知3 学习新句型后,教师让学生向教师提问。S3:What time is it?(刚学的新知T:n’s halfpast three,(新知4 教师出示新旧句型,让学生读一读,比一比,想一想,说一说。
这种根据教材内容的编排特点,帮助学生实现由旧知向新知的迁移的教学方法,既突出了知识的连贯性和整体性的教学,从客观上降低了学生理解新知的难度,又有利于学生循序渐进地建构新知。
有一个人,他立志开家公司,可后来他失败了,可还有一个人,他的梦想是成立品牌,但他却成功了,因为他明白一个真理,就是——坚持,永不放弃……
——题记
今年暑假,我从书店与它结了缘,后来,我便把它买了回来,它有一个吸引人的名字:《早安豆浆店》。
在这本书里,有各种各样的美德故事,有各式各样的美德道理,其中,令我印象最深的,却是那篇《画眼睛的人》。
这一故事讲的是一名画师,在五年前开始学画人像,但她却对自己画出来的眼睛感到不足。就每一天都把注意力集中在别人的眼睛上。五年后,那名女画师才会有今天的成就。
读完这个故事,我沉思着:原来做好一件事情不但要做到为它付出自己的时间与精力,而且要专注与坚持,才会成功,但再想想我自己,有时学这个,有时玩那,朝三暮四的,确实不行。现在,我已经走进了五年级的大门,我要做的,就是——完美地做好每件事!
读完这篇文章,我终于认识到了,一个人想做好一件事,就要一心一意,专心致志地完成它,这样,才会有成功的果实。
提问行为是课堂教学的重要组成部分,是教师输入信息、传递信息,与学生共享信息,达到师生双边交流的一条重要渠道。提问涉及到教学内容的重点,它是组织教学的开端,是教学进程中转换的“关节”,是学习过程中激活学生思维活动的重要因素。恰当的提问,对学生来说,具有引发学生的学习动机,激发思维,加深对所学知识的理解程度,检验学生掌握学习技能程度等作用;对教师来说,具有检查教学目标,重新组织教学,反馈自己的教学效果等作用。
但是,实行班级授课制以后,提问在课堂教学中的运用相对减少了,教育工作者对提问技术的研究与认识也不够充分,即使在师范教育中,也没有哪一门课程专门探讨它。尽管在教育学和各科教学法中,大都初略地提到提问的问题,但这与提问在课堂教学中的地位和重要性是不相称的。近几年,在我国中小学教学中,提问逐渐引起人们的重视。如果我们对日常大量的提问现象作一下分析, 可以看出提问作为一种教学技术,在课堂使用中依然比较模糊、杂乱,其功能的发挥也不够全面,提问操作中还有相当的故障影响着教学效果。
国家新一轮基础教育课程改革的目的是要落实素质教育目标,提出学生的学习方式和教师的教学方式都需要进行科学的改变和完善。提问作为在课程中促进师生之间共同成长的一个基点,深入研究提问是摆在我们眼前的一个迫切任务。所以,提问既是对一种传统的教学方式的再认识,也是新课程改革中的重要课题。鉴于此,我们可以说,改善和提高教师课堂提问行为是实施新课程改革,落实素质教育目标的需要。
现任英语教师绝大多数成长于传统教学之中。在学生时代,他们接触到的是以教师为中心的教学,呈现的是以事实为基础的教学主题和像菜谱一样稳定不变的训练实践,从而在个人的经验中形成了许多固定化了的教学心理模型。这些固定化了的教学心理模型形成了定势,强有力地影响了他们自己走向讲台后的教学行为。
英语教师专业发展的直接途径在课堂,改变传统的固定化了的教学心理模型和课堂教学行为是目前摆在我们眼前的重要任务。提问作为课堂教学行为之一,也不可避免地成为我们促进教师改变其教学行为的关键性因素,是我们提高英语教师专业化水平的重要方面。
提问在英语课堂教学中有着举足轻重的作用,教育心理学告诉我们:学生的思维过程往往从问题开始。学起于思,思起于疑。我国南宋理学家胡宏又把学习过程看作是发现问题、解决问题、提出独立见解的过程。可见,每位老师都要科学设计问题来激发学生探究知识的愿望、拓宽学生的思维,并使自己及时对教学过程进行有效的调控,从而提高师生之间的双向思维交流活动,促进课堂教学的和谐发展。所以课堂提问的有效性使我们值得研究的课题。
那么,教师应如何优化课堂提问,提高课堂效率呢?读了《优化课堂提问》以后,我对课堂提问有了进一步的认识:
提问应遵循鼓励性原则。教师在提问时应引起学生的重视,激发学生学习动机,提高学习积极性,鼓励学生参与课堂活动,积极地思考,变被动回答问题为主动积极,从而促进课堂效率的提高。教师要使每一个问题都要让学生觉得有话可说,要鼓励学生大胆说出自己想法。
句型是根据句子的结构、特点和意义从大量的句子中抽象、概括出来的语言的一般表现形式。在教学中,根据学生的认知特点、心理特点和教学实际,运用建构主义教学思想设计教学活动,有利于句型教学目标的高度达成,应当把握以下四个基本途径。
Dear teacher:
I am just writing to say thank you.thank you for teaching us things we need to learn, thank you for being there for us when we have any problems, thanks for your devotion and willingness to help us, thank you for the love you've shown to us.
I am lucky to have a teacher like you. and no matter what kind of person i will become, you will always have your influence on me. You taught me how to study, how to live and even how to be a man. From you I learned what kind of person i want to be and what should i get from life. this means everything to me.
my dear teacher, no matter what you will always have a special place in my heart and i will remember what i have learned from you and carry the knowleges through my life! I will make good use of the school, teachers would also like to be able to impart a better learning methods, such as English will be able to make progress there is a greater interest in education teachers and thanked the ex Thank you!
Yours
Jane
dear teacher ,
i am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning english and speaking english.
during these days in your class, i have learned much from you and it is very helpful to me. firstly, you let me know what is the west thinking pattern—straight thinking pattern. and, i think, it is very important to understand the west’s thoughts. as you know, this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. secondly, i have got enough confidence in speaking in english from your class and it took me a long time to gain this confidence. now, i always express my ideas in english as possible as i can. it’s great to do that. the last not the least, i find that learning english is not an boring thing as before and i’m interested in studying english which was just a necessary task to pass examinations. reading, listening or speaking all become interesting and i really enjoy it.
above all, i want to say thanks again to you. and thank you for your time.
good luck ^_^
Dear teacher,
We'll have a class meeting this afternoon. All of us students hope that you can attend it. Please accept our sincere invitation.
In the class meeting, we will make some plans about all the subjects, including English. We do have some puzzles and we need your help. So we hope you can set some time aside to be with us in the class meeting. We will feel honored if you can come to attend our class meeting.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours
Jane
Dear Miss Wang:
I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your help in my study. Without your help , my study would not be the top three in my class. It was you who always standed by me when I am fall. You pointed my mistakes and told me how to make them right. You always worked tirelessly to train my patience.Your continuous encouragement is my greatest motivation.
I sincerely hope that you can have a good health and stay happy. In addition, I wonder if you can pay a lot of attention to your health, get more rest.
Again, I sincerely thank you for your help!
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