孔子曰:“不学礼,无以立”,意思是:没有文明礼仪,是不能在社会及家庭立足的。文明礼仪是人们在生活中养成的一种习惯。对一个人来说,礼仪是思想道德水平、文化修养、知识水平的外表;可对祖国来说,礼仪却是生活习惯,品德的反映。
文明礼仪是中国人传统的高尚品德,古代也有很多故事讲述着文明,礼仪的高尚。古代东汉末年的时候,有一家的父亲买了一些梨子,到家后,父亲特地选了一个最大的梨子给孔融,可孔融却摇摇头说:“我是最小的,所以应该吃最小的梨,大的梨子应该给哥哥吃。”父亲听到后感到十分惊讶,小小年纪的孔融竟然懂得谦让。这个“孔融让梨”的故事告诉我们做人应该懂得谦让别人,文明礼仪应从小做起。尊重别人,等于尊重自己,谁又不想尊重自己呢?所以要先尊重别人。要学会在学校尊重老师、在家中尊重长辈、在工作中尊重上司、在社会中尊重人民、就一定会成功的。
在日常生活中,礼仪也是无处不在的,有很多的榜样值得我们学习。文明礼仪不仅仅指的是行为,还有仪态、语言、神态,这都是表现个人礼貌的一部分。在生活中,有许多举手之劳都是养成文明的习惯:捡起一张不起眼的纸屑、随手关灯、不践踏草地、遵守交通规则、见到老师,熟人说声好或给个微笑……都是文明礼仪的表现。也要时刻注意自己的语言,在请别人帮忙的时候加个“请”字,事后说声“谢谢”,都会让别人觉得很有礼貌和文明,别人就会觉得是个值得交的好朋友,简简单单的三个字,就给别人留了好印象,难道不好吗?
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
在《习惯的养成与改变》这本书中,作者王晓春老师认真的解释了习惯这个概念。所谓真实的习惯,是指“诚于衷而形于外”的表里如一的习惯,是指非常稳定的、几乎自动化的、无须假以思索的习惯。这种习惯,不大可能完全是靠权威要求和外部训练形成的。它往往是“培养”“养成”“生成”“预设”等各种因素互动、整合,最后形成的一个结果。它是化合物,或者换个说法,它是一种人的遗传信息与早期教育、学校训练共频的现象。也就是说,如果我们学校的行为训练恰好和学生的个性特点、家庭教育倾向发生了共频共振,那就能够形成教师希望得到的习惯,反之就不能。你的训练不能引起学生灵魂深处的共鸣,他就只好在表面行为上顺从,或者干脆就反抗。
读到这里,我心中升起了一丝释然。以前总是觉得自己的教育很可悲,学生从幼儿园开始就被要求要每天按时完成家庭作业,这个要求一直持续到了高中,甚至大学。按理说一个要求持续了这么长时间,总能形成学生的习惯了,但是总有一部分学生会忘了做作业,甚至总有一部分学生拒绝做作业。而手机这么一个他们接触不久的事物却轻而易举地让他们养成了每天给手机充电的习惯。甚至这个习惯有可能会持续终身。
从前的我不明所以,现在弄清楚了习惯是怎么养成的,我才弄清楚其中的关键。要求学生每天做作业并不一定能与学生的个性特点、家庭教育倾向发生共频共振。反之,只会有极少数的学生发自内心的愿意做这件事情,所以想要让自觉按时完成作业变成一种习惯简直是难上加难。而手机内或者说互联网上信息量极其庞大,其中总有信息能轻易引起学生灵魂深处的共鸣,所以,使用手机就能非常轻易地变成他们的\'习惯。
所以,做为教师的我们,该干什么干什么,但要放弃幻想。尽管去创定和执行适当的规则,但不要打着“培养习惯”的旗号,也不要幻想这些东西一定能内化为学生的真实习惯。能形成良好的习惯,很好;不能,我们也不必焦虑,因为这并不是我们所能完全掌控的。我们不要患上“习惯培养强迫症”,徒然给自己增加心理负担,失败连连。我们的任务只是积极提供各种情境帮助和指导学生成长。我们可以告诉学生哪些是好习惯,哪些是不好的习惯,至于他们能形成哪些具体的习惯,不是我们可以决定的。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
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