Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
在我的记忆中,他是一个性格古怪的老人。
脾气爆裂!这是我的奶奶、我的父母对他的概论。而我,在与他的相处中却从未有这样的认识。
一年365天的程式化日子里,我多数的时间在谈不上忙碌的工作上,而少数的时间则又浪费在患得患失、迎合游走、无端沉思、生活琐事中,那个老人挤不进去我的时间。
他对于我,只有一些记忆碎片。而碎片却很深刻,有着酸酸的滋味。老人总是留着一缕山羊胡须,背微驼,黢黑的脸,粗糙而又茧质化的双手,与他靠近总会有一股浓重的烟草味和汗味。他做的一手好农活,种庄稼、种菜、种瓜、种果树,喂养牲口,修补农院,似乎没有他不拿手的。在我很小的时候,在农村短暂几年的生活中,最常做、最无奈也最轻松自得的事情,就是提溜个小篮子像个尾巴一样跟在他的后面,仰着脸看他的时候,总是那不紧不慢的背影和肩头晃动的锄头。我特别喜欢那个时候的夏天,庄稼地里、果树园里、小河边的菜地瓜地里,随手可摘得颜色并不鲜艳、外形并不好看的瓜果、蔬菜,还有地里刨出来的花生、摘下的绿豆和玉米,个个都是那样的有滋有味,不像是现在的瓜果蔬菜,体型吓人、味同嚼蜡。我喜欢那个时候的`夏天,最主要的是记忆里的夏天有那个老人沉默不语的温和慈祥。我喜欢跟在他的身后仰脸看着锄头晃动时阳光的跳跃,并不刺眼、并不炎热;我喜欢在微风四溢的夏夜里,在窑洞顶上的打麦场,铺张凉席看天上的月亮、数天上的星星,他就在我的身旁,我熟悉那浓重的烟味和汗味,可我非但不觉得讨厌,反而觉得那味道让我很踏实,可以让我很快酣睡。一觉醒来,我总是莫名其妙为什么会躺在家里简陋的木床上。后来,我明白了,那一个个夏夜都趴在老人的背上,渐褪在漆黑的山夜里和蜿蜒不平的村路上。
小时候最开心的事情还有过年,那个老人会给我一张皱巴巴的两元纸币作为压岁钱,而我总是把那两元钱全部买成鞭炮,和别家的孩子一起想着花样放鞭炮,那是过年唯一的娱乐活动。老人还有一个绝活,就是宰***猪头,用烧的火红的火杵烫掉猪毛,然后劈开分割,放进滚烫的开水里狠狠地煮,那香味很快就会把我的口水勾引出来。要知道,在那个时候,只有过年家家才多少有些肉吃,***整只猪头已经是较为奢侈的了。猪头肉煮好之后,老人会调制很浓很浓的蒜汁,将冷却后切成薄片的猪脸肉、猪耳朵、猪舌头端上桌,我知道一年中唯一一次大快朵颐的时候来了。
在农村呆的时间并不长,上小学二年级之后,我就随父母艰难地挤进了城里。城里辗转奔波的生活让我愈加想念在农村的生活,虽然清苦、虽然单调、虽然干涩,但是很稳定,还有老人们深沉的呵护。随着年岁的递增和知识阅历的丰富,城里的生活便开始吸引了我,这很正常,无论对于任何一个正在自然成长的个体来说。老人并不喜欢城里的生活,每次进城与我的话语则遇次递减,我似乎不再需要那份深沉的呵护了,只是我知道我的背后始终有两道深沉的目光,我已经读不懂了。再后来,老人的身体不再硬朗,有一次从平房上摔了下来,只在乡里的卫生院进行了简单护理就回家休养了。他不愿意进城里的大医院,而我,连回去探望一眼都没有。细想之下,我背后的两道目光刺得我生疼。
已经有十年了,在那一年的秋天,他突然就离去了,在那个面貌依旧的山村,在那间更加败落的院子里。我依然没有见到他最后一面,遗容也没有。我明白,前者是我的漠然,后者则是我的羞愧。老人的离去,并不是因为那次从屋顶摔下的意外,而是因为心脑血管疾病。他依然是健硕的,那是因为山岭和田地的眷顾;而老人心里的疾病,我不知道有没有我的制造成分。
老人下葬的那天,天上有舒缓的白云,一直在慢悠悠地随着我们一行人悲戚戚地走着。我的眼睛里没有泪水,我肯定那个时候我并不忧伤,但是我很愧疚,我还知道老人不会责怪我。我曾在心里默默为他祈祷过,希望他不会沉睡在地下,他可以永远端坐在那一天舒缓的白云之上,依然在我的背上撒下两道深沉的目光。
大凡优秀文学作品,往往都会在读者的脑海中留下一个个动人的物象。比如一辆纺车、三颗枸杞豆、七根火柴,还有冰心的小桔灯、白毛女的红头绳等。这些物象在文中或是承载一种精神,或是一种情爱,或是一段经历。这些情感的载体可以说是那一篇篇文学作品的形象代言人。如作文《自行车上的空间》,为表现父女之间互让的爱,而找到了一个独特的视角,一个情感的载体,这就是“自行车座垫和后座之间的空间”。聚焦这个空间,作者先写小时候幼稚的我“总爱与爸爸争夺座垫与后座之间的空间”,而“爸爸总让着我”,浓浓父爱溢于“一争一让”之间。后来,懂事的女儿不再争抢空间,而爸爸的爱已成习惯,仍然“习惯性地朝前坐着”,努力“让给女儿更多的空间”——真正的父爱随着时间的推移常常表现得更加突出,强大的父爱也终于让女儿学会“用一颗读懂父爱的心”为父亲让出空间,爱的互动在“自行车的空间”里得到了感人的再现,怎能不让读者为之感动?
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
即通常所说的“直抒胸臆”,也就是作者在文章中直接地倾吐胸中的感情。这是一种情动于心而发于外的直感的抒发。但直接抒情,虽直接,却不能突兀,要有铺垫;要蓄势,以顺势而发。如作文《两朵萝卜花》,小作者在叙述了老爷爷卖给外国人萝卜花后写道:“我在心里情不自禁地喊道‘老爷爷,我真敬佩您!’我觉得,那萝卜花美,但淳朴的老爷爷的心灵更美!”这句话直接抒发了小作者对老爷爷的敬佩之情。
好的文章总是刻意打造一些抒情、议论的句子,善于议中蕴情,以点明、揭示文章的中心,突出强调自己的.观点。这些抒情、议论的句子,大多言简意赅、词简意丰。如鲁迅的《故乡》结尾段:“我想:希望是本无所谓有,无所谓无的。这正如地上的路;其实地上本没有路,走的人多了,也便威了路。”寥寥数语,表现了作者踏平路上荆棘,夺取新生活的勇气和信心,这个“路”一语双关,把地上的路与人生的路、现实中的路与理想中的路结合在一起,感情及含意表达极为深刻,升华了文章的主旨。
总之,只有把自己的情感倾注到所写的人、事、物、景、理之中去,才能与所写的事物进行心灵对话,才能写出自己的真情实感,从而更易引起读者的感情共鸣,使文章达到意想不到的艺术效果。
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