好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能,解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。说明文实用性很强,它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词、科学小品等。
写作说明文的目的一般是让人们了解事物的特征、明白事理,从而获得一定的知识和技能。只有清楚地进行说明,才能达到这个目的。那么,如何使说明文条理清晰,使读者一目了然呢?众所周知,任何事物或事理都有其内在的特点及其一定的逻辑关系,说明时就要按照其本身的条理性来合理安排说明的顺序。
说明文的说明顺序各不相同。说明顺序的采用,往往是由说明对象的特征和说明目的决定的。常见的说明顺序有以下三种:时间顺序,空间顺序,逻辑顺序。一篇文章中,不一定只采用一种说明顺序,有时根据说明的需要,综合使用几种说明顺序。我们在写作时,怎样才能合理地安排说明顺序呢?
一个好的主题句是文章成功的一半。不仅文章有主题,段落有纲,句也必有中心。文章失却主题,就会不知所云;落无纲,则一盘散沙,句缺中心,就无意义。所以,在立足于篇章时,一定要首先明确文的主题;在发展段落时,也要首先写好主题句。从PETS三的特点来考虑,主题句最好是置于文首或段首,这样让人一目了然! 以下就是两个实用的开门见山式发展主题句的方法。
●To begin with, we must attach the greatest importance possible to this issue/fact (key word.
●As is well known to all, it is now high time that we took this (topic word into serious consideration.
说明文的特点是说,而且具有一定的知识性。这种知识,或者来自有关科学研究资料,或者是亲身实践、调查、考察的所得,都具有严格的科学性。为了要把事物说明白,就必须把握事物的特征,进而揭示出事物的本质属性,即不仅要说明是什么,还要说明为什么是这样。应用性说明文一般只要求说明事物的特征,阐述性说明文则必须揭示出问题的本源和实质。说明文是客观地说明事物的一种文体,目的在于给人以知识:或说明事物的状态、性质、功能,或阐明事理。《中国石拱桥》属于前者,它以赵州桥和卢沟桥为例说明中国石拱桥不但形式优美,而且结构坚固的特征。《大自然的语言》属于后者,文章科学地说明了物候学知识。说明事物特点和阐明事理是说明文的两种类型。
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