贵院一所谢家鸣同志受委派担任我公司石门水库及大伙房水库供水工程的设计代表。在两年多的工作中,谢家鸣同志认真履行了设计代表啊的职责,把该在施工现场解决的问题绝不拿到院里解决,保证了从设计上不影响工期,得到我公司领导一致认可。石门及大伙房水库供水工程是营口市重点民生工程,质量标准高且工期紧张。
石门工程净水厂净水间有一少半坐落在山沟中,需进行地基处理,如果地基处理不好将会导致净水间滑坡,后果不堪设想。20XX年4月在净水间基坑开挖过程中,谢家鸣同志经常来工地与业主、监理及施工单位一同讨论施工方案,并提出了一些施工中应注意的事项。基坑开挖完成后,谢家鸣同志亲自到基坑下检查,重新布置了岩石沙浆锚杆,并确定了需处理的基坑挖成台阶形状。按照谢家鸣的`补充意见,工程进展十分顺利,现在净水间主体结构已验收合格,内部构筑物经过满水试验检验,无任何质量问题。截至20XX年末,石门净水厂已进入设备安装阶段。20XX年初,大伙房净水厂桩基础工程开工,由于桩基工程在地下,施工质量可变性大,在桩基施工期间,谢家鸣同志基本上每天都去工地,会同业主、监理提出一些施工中的注意事项,施工中遇到问题时能及时拿出设计方的意见。在大家共同努力下,桩基工程顺利完成,经桩基检测单位检测,一次合格,没有断桩及桩位偏差现象。为上部主体结构工程的施工创造了良好的条件。20XX年9月,大伙房净水厂净水间进入关键时间,谢家鸣同志会同所里的相关设计人员认真的审核了网架的二次设计,并与业主、监理对网架施工单位进行了考核,对施工提出了一些建议。网架及屋面保温工程于11月底顺利完工,保证了净水间室内构筑物的越冬安全。截至目前,大伙房净水厂土建主体基本完成,满足了合同工期要求。在此,我们对贵院设计代表谢家鸣同志的辛勤工作表示感谢!
值此新春佳节之际,祝各位领导及谢家鸣同志全家新春快乐,万事如意!
故事背景:
在未来世界中,超过25岁的成年人,生命都会被定格在25岁,不管他们活了多久,生理特征都将保持在25岁。然而到了25岁,所有人的“自然生命”只能再活1年,想要继续活下去,就需要通过各种途径获取更多的时间。每个人手臂上有一块生命倒计时的表,时间(生命完全可视化。时间成为绝对的“硬通货”,可以交易、借贷、存储、分享、抢劫…
故事剧情:
亨利是一位活了105年的富人,在“穷人时区”里遭遇抢劫,男主角威尔帮助他躲过一劫。然而这位“老人”看到了世界的可悲,生无可恋,于是在威尔早晨还未醒来时,把所有的一个世纪的时间分享给了威尔,并选择自***。威尔意外得到了这一大笔时间财富,他最渴望的是,带着50岁的母亲离开糟糕的生活区,不再每天为生活奔命。唉!天不遂人愿…这一段很精彩,不剧透了。
在和亨利的对话中,威尔开始意识到时间规划的“局”:“只有极少数人能永生,大部分人必须死。贫民区的税收和物价 每天不断增长,生活成本不断提高,以此来确保人们不断死亡。”穷人的悲惨源于富人的掠夺。
悲痛之余,威尔带着一个世纪的财富,以及复仇的野心,独自进到新格林尼治--“富人时区”。他冒险赌上全部,和时间银行家族进行较量。威尔的计划刚有一点起色,却遭到时间守护者的追捕。影片中,时间守护者扮演警察的角色,会追踪并记录每个人所使用的时间和剩余的时间,他们怀疑威尔谋财害命,***害了亨利。威尔面临时间被强制清零的危险,紧急之下他绑架了富家大小姐西尔维娅,开始了逃亡生涯。在整个逃亡过程中,威尔和西尔维娅迸发出了爱情的火花,两个人共同对抗整个时间统治机构。
《如何高效学习》是加拿大ScottYoung写的一本书,书中讲的学习方法叫整体性学习,通读全书我没有找到整体性学习的准确概念。就我个人理解应该翻译为联系性学习更合适,所以我按照我的'理解来改写。全书主要分为两部分:
一、联系性学习策略
二、联系性学习技术
一、联系性学习策略
这部分分三个部分:学习顺序,信息分类、学习目标。
联系性学习顺序分六步:
1、获取获取信息。目标是信息要准确、压缩。
2、理解理解信息。理解在书中的联系。
3、拓展构建广泛的联系
4、纠错通过测试找出错误,纠正错误。
5、应用将自己的理解与现实联系在一起
6、测试不断测试、反馈。
随后作者将信息分为五类:观点信息、过程信息、具体信息、抽象信息,随意信息。将信息分类,随后针对不同信息运用不同方法进行学习。
学习的目标:以用为本,以用促学,边学边用,
二、联系性学习技术
这部分分为有以下内容:
1、获取知识中的技术有:快速阅读,笔记流
2、联系观点的技术有:比喻、内在化、图表法
3、随意信息的处理有:联想法、挂钩法、信息压缩技术
4、知识扩展的方法:实际应用、模型纠错、以项目为基础的学习
读完整本书,我整体感觉作者是一个学霸,但不是一个严肃的老师。书写的真的是随笔,这本书翻译的有点生搬硬套,不敢恭维。但是读完这本书对我还是有两点启发:
一、以项目为基础的学习。就是计划用三个月解决一个自己的现实问题。例如通过学习会计理清自己的财务问题,通过读历史来看清人性,学计算机编程试试写小游戏。
二、图表法,将知识做成流程图,概念图,图像化。
最后引用书中一句话作为结尾:如果只用一种方式了解某样事物,你就不会真正了解他。了解事物真正含义的秘密取决于如何将其与我们所了解的其他事物相联系。通过联系,你可将想法内化于心,从各种角度看问题,直至找到适合自己的方法。这才是思考的真谛!
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物,阐明事理的`一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性,给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类,词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型
1.例证法 2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法
1.例证法
Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.
这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。
2.定义法
An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.
本段的展开是通过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,关键词"ideal teacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。
3.分类法
As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favour of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.
本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people、自由派(liberal people和温和派(moderate people,并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。
4.因果关系法
Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coat again and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy.
第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。
5.比较对照法
I like having a twin sister. When she's happy, I'm happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what she's going to say. Sometimes, I know what she's thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books.
这段采用AB交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。
6.过程分析法
There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep. Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. Third, put the earth back into the hole again. Push it down hard with your foot several times. Finally, water the tree well, as often as possible.
这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally的使用加强了语句的连贯性。
Exercises
例1 请根据Wang Hua 在学骑自行车时的几个步骤,写一篇短文,说明他是任何学会骑自行车的.
参考词汇: handle-bars 自行车把手 pedal 踏板 saddle 车座
Wang Hua is learning to ride a bicycle. Let’s watch him and see how he can get on his bicycle. He put his hands on the handle-bars. He puts his left foot on the left pedal, then he pushes himself hard forward with his right leg. Now he can move on together with the bicycle and his whole body is now on the bicycle. Then, he raises his right leg over the saddle and lower himself on the saddle. Now, he is on the bicycle and stepping the pedals hard with both legs. And the bicycle is going forward.
例2
请写一篇短文介绍如何乘坐伦敦地铁.
内容提示如下:
1. 在售票处(booth购买辅币(token需30便士.
2. 在入口处将辅币投入狭孔(slot,你就可以走下地铁.
3. 在站台等车时,要站在白线以外.注意你要去的方向.不要站错站台.
4. 上下车应迅速,因为车门关闭很快.地铁内规定不准吸烟.
注意:短文的意思要连贯. 字数:100个左右.
If you want to travel by underground in London, you should first find the nearest underground entrance and buy a token for 30 pence in the booth. After you drop the token into the slot at the entrance, you can walk down the stairs. Stand back of the white line while waiting for the train on the platform. Make sure that you are on the right side of the platform for your train. When the train arrives, get on or get off quickly because the doors of the train close quickly. Smoking is not allowed in the underground.
例3
家用电脑体积下,价格低,造型优美,简单易用,使用方便,灵活;可用于计算,记事,打电话,打印信件;儿童可用它来学英语,做游戏. 你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机;为将来寻找工作提供便利;电脑工作比人快数百倍;我们已经得到电脑的巨大帮助. 请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文. 字数120左右.
A Family Computer
A family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which can give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of times faster than humans. We have been greatly helped by
computers.
例 4
请以The Importance of Trees 为题写一篇短文,说明保护森林的必要性.
1. 说明树木的主要用途:提供木材;吸水,防止水灾,旱灾;净化空气,美化生活.
2. 滥伐树木的危害;无计划砍伐造成水土流失,土壤沙化,造成水灾.
3. 每年都应植树造林,使其为人类更好服务等等.
字数:100左右.
As we all know, trees are very useful. They are of great benefit to man as follows. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can help clean air and beautify life.
Unfortunately, nowadays in many parts of the world lots of people fail to realize the importance of trees. They have cut trees down in large numbers without a plan, which makes the soil washed away. They don’t know where there are no trees, the rain washes away the surface of the soil and this causes floods.
We ought to plant trees each year and carefully look after new trees in order not to make the forest slowly disappear. Only in this way can we make the forest serve man forever.
例 5
根据下表格提供的信息,请你推荐两本学中文的词典.
Dear Steve,
I’m pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries. The English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. Besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECCED is the more expensive, costing 52 yuan, and XD costs 11 yuan.
Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries.
Yours, Li Yua
xxx领导:
3月5日中午,由于孩子在家玩火,造成一场大火灾,当时我们尚未下班。贵校学生周xx发现火情之后,不顾自己身体有病,备不顾身冲进火海。由于火势很猛,屋里烟浓,周xx冲进屋后,房门马上被紧紧地吸住,外面的人进不去,大家都为周xx捏着一把汗。周xx在呼吸困难的情况下,临危不惧,急中生智,打破窗户玻璃,屋里压力减轻,门可以打开了。救火中,周xx发现立柜还有一盒五四式手枪子弹,在十分危险的情况下,毫不犹豫地捧起弹盒扔到窗外,避免了一场严重事故的发生。在周xx的带领下,大火终于扑灭,周xx同学却被烧焦了头发,烫伤了双手,该同学的英勇表现使所有在场的人赞不绝口。
正值全国开展学雷锋运动之时,贵校学生周xx不顾个人安危,临危不惧,挺身而出,抢救他人家庭财产。这一高尚行为为我们树立了良好的榜样。我们除向周xx同学学习外,特写信向贵校建议,请贵枝领导把周xx的英雄事迹广为宣传,予以表彰。使广大学生以周xx同学为榜样,将学雷锋运动推向高潮。
此致
敬礼!
刘毅山
1999年8月24日
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