Price Internation Inc.
25 Elm Street
Brazil
Tel:(88-881234 5678
Fax:(88-884321 8765
E-mail:webmaster@Price.com
Winex Informatica
Sarmiento 1425
1000 Cap Fed
Buenos Aires
Argentina
January 15,20XX
Dear Sir or Madam:
We are looking for a company which can help us distribute our products in new markets.
We manufacture a wide range of chemical products. At present we export to China, Japan, but we would like to export to Europe.
Enclosed please find our brochure which gives details of our company.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely,
16 Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035
People’s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug. 20, 2004
写信端时,先写发信人的地址,地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列,然后是其它项目和发信日期。具体次序是:第一行写门牌号和街名;第二行写区名、市(县)名、省(州、邦)名,往国外寄的信,还要写上国家的名称;国家名称的前面加上邮政编码,其后可写上电话号码,最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称,则将其作为第一行。如果写信人的单位没有门牌号码和街名,则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称;第二行写系、科、室名称;第三行写学校名称;第四行写市(县)、省(州)名称;然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等项。
如果使用标点符号,则在每行末尾加逗号,最后一行的末尾加句号。但当前的信件中行末大都不加标点符号,但在每行之内该用标点符号的地方,仍要用标点。特别要注意的是,门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家,城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字(如 New York, 103),表示城市的邮政编码。
关于发信日期的写法,应注意以下几点:
①年份应完全写出,不能简写。
②月份要用英文名称,不要用数字代替。
③月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短,不可缩写。
④写日期时,可用基数词1,2,3,4,5,……28,29,30,31等,也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ……28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基数词,简单明了。
日期可有下列几种写法:
① Oct. 20, 2004
② 10 May., 2004
③ 3rd June, 2004
④ Sept. 16th, 2004
其中,①最为通用。
2、商务信函信内地址(Inside Address, Introductory Address)
信内地址收信人的姓名和地址,写在信纸的左上角,从信纸的左边顶格开始写,低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行,也分并列式和斜列式两种,但应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是,先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称,占一二行,然后写地址,可占二至四行,例如:
①并列式
Ms. Joanna Kerry
Peking University
Haidian District, 100871
Beijing
China
②斜列式
Ms. Joanna Kerry
Peking University
Haidian District,100871
Beijing
China
3.商务信函称呼(Salutation)
对收信人的称呼应自成一行,写在低于信内地址一二行的地方,从信纸的左边顶格开始写,每个词的开头字母要大写,至于末尾处的符号,英国人用逗号,但美国和加拿大 英语 则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。给外国人写英文信时,称呼用语要注意以下几点:
①对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr. 。Mr. 用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,不可只用在名字之前,例如对的称呼,应该是:Mr. 或 Mr. White, 不可是:Mr. Phil。若称呼多个男性,则在姓名前用 Mr. 的复数形式 Messrs. 。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼,例如:Messrs. Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。
②对女性一般称呼 Mrs., Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前,或姓氏和名字之前,一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的`姓名之前 Mrs. 没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性,则在姓名前用 Mme. 的复数形式 Mmes. 而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。 Miss 多用于未婚女子,此词可缩写为 Ms ,用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,一般不用于名字之前。
③对收信人的称呼,也可用头衔或职位的名称,不分性别。例如 Professor (缩写为Prof.),Doctor (缩写为 Dr.), General (缩写为 Gen. 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,如 Prof. (Phil)White等。
④对外公函中对收信人的称呼,可用 Gentlemen (而不是 Gentleman),Dear Sir (s和 My dear Sir(s等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear, 后面也不能带姓名。用 Sirs 时,前面常用 Dear 一词,但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女,则无论已婚或未婚,都可单独使用Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。
⑤对外国高级官员的称呼,如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等,可用(Dear)Sir, (Dear)Mr. Chairman,(Dear)Mr. Premier, (My dear)Mr. Ambassador,Your Excellency (复数为 Excellencies)。
⑥对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主,可以 Sir 称呼,对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主,可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性,其复数为 Your Majesties。
⑦对王室成员,如太子、王子、亲王和公主等,一般可用(Dear)Sir 或(Dear)Madam 但在正式尊称时,一般用 Your Highness (复数为 Highnesses。
收信人称呼
先生(男人)Mr./Esq.
夫人(已婚)Mrs.
小姐(未婚)Miss
夫人、小姐统称Ms.
夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.
两位或两位以上男子Messrs
两位或两位以上女子(已婚)Mesdames
两位或两位以上小姐(未婚)Misses
常见的头衔(汉英对照)如下:
教授Professor
博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.
医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.
总统或校长President
主席或董事长Chairman
副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman
副总统或副校长Vice President
首相Prime Minister
总理Premier
省长或州长Governor
市长Mayor
参议员Senator
大使Ambassador
秘书长Secretary General
一秘First Secretary
二秘Second Secretary
院长Director,Dean
副院长Vice Director
系主任Dean,Head,Chair
馆长Chief Librarian,Curator
阁下Excellency
神甫Father
4.商务信函信的正文(Body of the Letter)
信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时,正文一般开门见山,内容简单明了,条理清楚。在写私人信件时,信写好之后若有什么遗漏,可用 P. S.表示补叙。
5.商务信函结束语(Complimentary Close)
结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称,只占一行,低于正文一二行,从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写,末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定例如写给机关、团体或不相识的人的信,一般用:
Yours (very truly, Yours (very faithfully,Yours (very sincerely, 等等。
写给上级和长者的信一般可用:
Yours (very respectfully, Yours (very obediently, Yours gratefully, Yours appreciatively, Your obedient servant, 等等。
写给同志或同事的信一般可用:
Fraternally yours, Comradely yours,等等。
写给熟人或朋友的信可用:
Yours, Ever yours, Yours affectionately, As ever, Yours sincerely Yours devotedly, (Most Fondly yours, Yours excitedly, Intimately yours,等等。
写给亲属或挚友的信一般用:
Yours, Ever yours, Yours as ever, As ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much Love, With Love,Lovingly, Your loving son, Your most affectionate, Your devoted friend, Devotedly, 等等,意即:“您的”、“永远是您的”、“您的亲爱的”、“您的爱子(孩子、姐妹、侄、侄女、祖母)” 、“您的挚友”等。
写给挚友的信有时也可用:
Yours hurriedly, Yours hastily, Yours in haste, 等等。
写信给挚友,表示歉意时,可用:
Contritely yours, Regretfully yours, Yours in (with regret, Yours in (with deep remorse 等。
在欧洲一些国家里,多把Yours 放在 sincerely等词的前面。在美国和加拿大等国,则多用,把 yours 放在 Sincerely 等词之后。Yours 一词有时也可省略。
6.签名(Signature)
信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行,从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。若写信人是女性,与收信人又不相识,则一般在署名前用括号注上 Miss, Mrs.或 Ms.,以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还有署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔
7.附件(Enclosure)
信件若有附件,应在左下角注明 Encl. 或 Enc.。若附件不止一个,则应写出2(或3,4,5等)Encls.,例如:
Enc: Resume
Encls:Grade Certificate
8.再启(Postscript, 缩写为 P. S.)
再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话,一般应尽量少用,正式的函件中更应避免使用。
9.私人和公务信函--注意事项
首先,写信者应设身处地想到对方,尊重对方的风俗习惯。
其次,英文信应该行文流畅、言简意赅,避免冗长。这就是说,写信者应用尽可能少的文字表达其必须传递的信息,而且写信者应将其所需传递的信息表达清楚,以免对方产生误解。书信交往,同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中,要避免伤害对方感情,措辞上多选用些礼貌婉转词语。
最后,除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外,信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误.私人和公务信函--常用句式。常用的起首语有:
1)Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.
2Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5,1997.
3A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.
4Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.
5Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.
6In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say…
7Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.
8What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!
9It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.
10First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me .
11With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that …
12I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.
13I am too excited and delighted at your good news.
14I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.…
15I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.
常用的结束语有:
1)Awaiting your good news,
2Looking forward to your early reply,
3Hoping to hear from you soon,
4We await your good news.
5I hope to hear from you very soon.
6We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
7I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.
8Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
9Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.
10The help you give me is sincerely valued.
11I hope everything will be well with you .
12Please let us know if you want more information.
13I hope you always enjoy yourself.
14I wish you very success in the coming year.
15Please remember me to your family.
16With best regards to your family.
17All the best.
18With love and good wishes.
Long, long ago, there were two brothers, the one rich and the other poor. When Christmas Eve came, the poor one had not a bite in the house, either of meat or bread; so he went to his brother, and begged him, in God's name, to give him something for Christmas Day. It was by no means the first time that the brother had been forced to give something to him, and he was not better pleased at being asked now than he generally was.
"If you will do what I ask you, you shall have a whole ham," said he. The poor one immediately thanked him, and promised this.
"Well, here is the ham, and now you must go straight to Dead Man's Hall," said the rich brother, throwing the ham to him.
"Well, I will do what I have promised," said the other, and he took the ham and set off. He went on and on for the livelong day, and at nightfall he came to a place where there was a bright light.
"I have no doubt this is the place," thought the man with the ham.
An old man with a long white beard was standing in the outhouse, chopping Yule logs.
"Good-evening," said the man with the ham.
"Good-evening to you. Where are you going at this late hour?" said the man.
"I am going to Dead Man's Hall, if only I am on the right track," answered the poor man.
"Oh! yes, you are right enough, for it is here," said the old man. "When you get inside they will all want to buy your ham, for they don't get much meat to eat there; but you must not sell it unless you can get the hand-mill which stands behind the door for it. When you come out again I will teach you how to stop the hand-mill, which is useful for almost everything."
So the man with the ham thanked the other for his good advice, and rapped at the door.
当新学期来临时,许多学生对新生活表现得很兴奋。在大学,新生快乐地享受着自由。在接下来的四年里,他们希望过着高中描绘的'美好生活。但事实是,大学生活中有很多东西要学。
First, the major knowledge occupies the most important role. As a student, learning knowledge is their job, while many students focus on playing cellphone in the class, or just sleep. They lose interest in studying when they come to the free environment. Mastering the professional skill helps them to be competitive. The sad thing is that most of them can't realize it.
首先,专业知识占据着最重要的角色。作为一名学生,学习知识是他们的工作,而很多学生在课堂上玩手机,或者睡觉。当他们来到自由的环境后对学习失去了兴趣。掌握专业技能帮助他们提高竞争力,可悲的是,大多数人没有意识到这一点。
Second, as there is much free time, they can make use of it and gain the valuable experience. Students can join some clubs to develop more interest, or find part-time jobs. It is better than to stay in the dorm and play computer games all the time.
第二,由于空闲时间多,他们可以充分利用好这些时间,并从中获得宝贵的经验。学生可以参加一些活动来发展更多的兴趣爱好,或找份兼职工作。比呆在宿舍玩电脑游戏好多了。
A lot of students feel lost in the campus, because they don't plan campus life well. The things you learn will make you different in the future.
很多学生因为没有计划好校园生活在所以迷失了。所学到的东西会让你在未来有所作为。
Do you ever watch movies from other countries? Whenever I do, I think about how similar people really are all around the world. Even though the cultures and languages in those movies are different from mine, people all around the world are alike in their goals and emotions.
One time, I saw a movie made in china that showed parents helping their children with their homework. . My parents helped me the same way. Another time I saw a movie from Argentina. It showed school children playing hide and seek, which is a game I used to play with my friends during recess. Seeing these films demonstrated to me that education is a common goal in every country. Parents want their children to learn so their lives will improve. It also showed me that children in schools everywhere wants to play with their friends. Sometimes the games are similar to ours and sometimes they’re different. Still, they all have the common purpose of fun and learning to work together.
Earning a living is another common goal. I’ve often seen that in movies about other countries. In some countries, people choose their careers from what they like and are good at. In other countries, careers are chosen for them following the traditions of their families. But in every country it seems that people care a great deal about earning a living, and working hard is respected.
Showing people having fun together is always an important part of any movies, no matter what country it comes from. People everywhere want to be entertained, and want to spend time with their families and friends. Different cultures sometimes enjoy different activities, but all cultures enjoy some form of sports, music and dancing.
The movies I’ve seen make it clear to me that no matter the cultural differences between countries, people everywhere have the same basic needs and goals.
上周,我妈妈要去看望我爷爷奶奶两天,所以她让我一个人呆在家里照顾好自己。我很高兴并答应她会照顾好一切的。我终于可以独自生活了。因此,我睡得很晚,也玩了很长时间的电脑游戏,饿的`时候,我就点外卖。妈妈回来的时候,她非常的惊讶,因为房子乱七八糟。我知道我不能照顾好自己。
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