星期二,我搞值日,匆匆忙忙的,不到五分钟就完成了属于我的工作,便去老师那补习了,到放学回家为止都没在回教室过……
第二天,我哼着小曲儿走进了教室,不过很快就愣住了,大家都安安分分地坐在位子上看书,没有一点声音,安静得连翻书声都能听见。更奇怪的是,大家都愁眉苦脸的,很不开心的样子!这,大家都怎么了,怎么都不说话啊?平时可都不是这样的啊!就连最调皮的王明杰都在认认真真的看书,是不是发生什么事了啊?难道春游不可以去了?还是有同学又惹张老师生气啦?我一边想着许多不祥的可能,一边慢吞吞地走向座位。
可我就是没想到——我们班扣分了!这是我问了我同桌才知道的。我怀着一颗忐忑不安的心坐了下来,看得出,同学们都很失望。是什么地方扣了分?到底是谁?是谁给班级扣分了?真是可恶!我心中充满了疑问。
哦,张老师走进来了,“把课外书放进去!”那声音好冷啊,这还是张老师的声音吗?我看得出,张老师脸上充满了失望、生气、无奈……她看着我们,脸渐渐红了起来,一定是因为扣分的\'事,肯定是扣了不该扣的分!
“大家都应该知道我们班扣分了吧,而且——是卫生扣了分,教室卫生!”张老师看着我们说道。我把头低了下来,突然有种不祥的预感,因为我昨天是搞卫生的。
而张老师见我们没反应,继续说道:“教室卫生一直是我强调最多的一块,可为什么我们还是扣分了呢?……就是因为有些同学把我的话当耳边风,值日不仔细,不认真,拿着扫把乱挥一通就自以为好了,万事大吉了。……昨天扫后面的是谁?”听到张老师最后一句话,我心头一震,啊,难道,难道是我给班级扣分了?
张老师说完便走到门旁的卫生表前看了起来,过了一会儿,有转过身来,说:“谢栩敏,昨天搞后面卫生的是不是你?”我吞吞吐吐地站了起来,点了点头。我分明看到张老师脸上掠过一丝惊讶的神色,不过这丝惊讶又立刻被生气取代了!……
我和张老师谈了许多,她讲的最多的就是万事要细心!不可以大大咧咧,马马虎虎的。是啊,要是我认认真真对待这每周一次的值日,就不会扣分了,我当时完全是应付了事,真是不该啊!
这是我第一次让班级扣了分,但我相信,也绝对是最后一次了!
(一)图像在教学中的最大优势——形象性
图像具有非凡的表现力。课堂教学中有许多内容,用文字去表述会比较抽象,而用图像去表现时却十分形象。图像具有信息量大、现场感强、直观感强、容易记忆、便于再现等特点,能充分地激活课堂的教学气氛,给教学注入新的活力。它可以多方面、多角度,以不同的形式描述某一事物,提供直观的教学素材,克服文字与口头表达形象性弱的缺点,有助于学生观察能力、自学思维能力的培养。
(二)符合初中学生的认知心理
图像输入具有直观性、新颖性、多样性和趣味性,形象生动的图像,既能提高学习效率,又能集中学生注意力,提高教学效果。图像的`运用能最大限度地调动不同感官在学习中的作用,使学生确立鲜明的、完整的表象,把注意力集中到学习的对象上,从而产生强烈的学习***和运用语言来表达的***。这种强烈的求知欲正是学生学习知识技能必须具备的内驱动力。初中学生年龄小,心理不够成熟,认知较直观,注意力不容易长时间集中,形象思维比较突出,对感性的事物较容易理解,对理性的知识则不易理解,课堂教学活动只有形式多样化,才能吸引学生注意力,激发兴趣。在教学中通过生动的语言、实物、动作、图像等创设一定的、真实的、有趣的情景,进行丰富多彩的课堂组织活动,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,让学生在模仿中熟悉和感知语言知识。
总之,运用图像进行英语教学,突破了传统教学的局限,提供了丰富的声像并茂的语言内容,最接近语言实际的自然语境,能使学生在真切的语境中学习到活的语言,实现语言习得的目标。
Long, long ago, there were two brothers, the one rich and the other poor. When Christmas Eve came, the poor one had not a bite in the house, either of meat or bread; so he went to his brother, and begged him, in God's name, to give him something for Christmas Day. It was by no means the first time that the brother had been forced to give something to him, and he was not better pleased at being asked now than he generally was.
"If you will do what I ask you, you shall have a whole ham," said he. The poor one immediately thanked him, and promised this.
"Well, here is the ham, and now you must go straight to Dead Man's Hall," said the rich brother, throwing the ham to him.
"Well, I will do what I have promised," said the other, and he took the ham and set off. He went on and on for the livelong day, and at nightfall he came to a place where there was a bright light.
"I have no doubt this is the place," thought the man with the ham.
An old man with a long white beard was standing in the outhouse, chopping Yule logs.
"Good-evening," said the man with the ham.
"Good-evening to you. Where are you going at this late hour?" said the man.
"I am going to Dead Man's Hall, if only I am on the right track," answered the poor man.
"Oh! yes, you are right enough, for it is here," said the old man. "When you get inside they will all want to buy your ham, for they don't get much meat to eat there; but you must not sell it unless you can get the hand-mill which stands behind the door for it. When you come out again I will teach you how to stop the hand-mill, which is useful for almost everything."
So the man with the ham thanked the other for his good advice, and rapped at the door.
(一)图像的解释
图像通常指image,icon,picture和它们的衍生词。在人类文明的历史上,图像先于文字产生,象形文字就是从图形变化来的,先有图再有字。自然界是人所面对的对象,图像是对自然的模仿,也是人类认识自然的方式。文字是图像的抽象化,是人类认识自然和交流信息的高级形态。人类对图像的接受是一种视觉的***和饥渴,通过图像来识别很多东西,同时也可满足自己的一种审美要求。
图像输入策略是用来激励学习者学习语言的兴趣的,而兴趣又是基于理解之上的。否则,学习者的学习动机就不会被激发,从而导致对自己缺乏自信,甚至产生焦灼感。因此,教师在输入时,要尽可能选择学习者感兴趣的并能使他们自然灵活掌握的策进行图像输入,指有助于学生感性地理解语言材料的各种工具和方法,包括直观教具(用于课堂教学的视觉形象材料,如黑板、道具、实物等)和电化教学设备(利用光、聲、电原理设计的各种现代化视听工具,如幻灯、图影、录音机、录像机等)。这两类直观手段都能摆脱课堂教学时空的束缚,将各种生活情景生动活泼地展现在学生眼前,从而有利于学生感知和思维。它能提供大量真实逼真的语言交际情景,使教师传递的语言信息更具形象性、层次性、连贯性和逻辑性,有助于学生按逻辑顺序思维,加速对外语信息的理解和吸收;有助于学生对外语材料的感知、理解、吸收和内化,有助于强化学生的注意力,引导学生对知识的整理和归纳。学生在此状态下,兴趣浓,积极主动性高,注意力集中,思维敏捷,想象活跃,加速了语言输入的过程。
(二)创设运用语言情景
图像输入主要是用来创设情景的。学生在特定的情境中,其主动参与意识会更强。通过创设情景,学生一开始就进入口语合作的氛围,激发学生说话的兴趣,给学生提供语言交流的平台,使学生在情景中运用课文的套句、语汇,两人或多人一组进行表演。教师要将情景与日常生活结合起来,努力给学生创造一个心理自由和心理安全的环境,让他们抛开害羞、怯懦等不良情绪,积极主动地参与,充满隋感地倾诉。成功的外语课堂教学应在课内创设更多情景,让学生有机会运用自己所学的语言材料。那么如何创设语言情景呢?扩充教学手段,丰富课堂内容,提供学习示范是关键。可利用多种手段或媒体,如挂图、投影图片、录像、声音模拟等图像输入来创设语言情景。学生置身于这种情景之中,在教师的启发下便会情不自禁地想用所学的语言来表达自己的感受、看法、设想或者是疑问。这种疑问可以是关于语言情景方面的,也可以是关于语言表达遇到的各种障碍,或者是自己创设的由感而知的与主题有关的感受及设想,由此与主题相关的诸多内容也逐渐地丰富起来,学生应尽可能全面地用语言倾诉出来。
当新学期来临时,许多学生对新生活表现得很兴奋。在大学,新生快乐地享受着自由。在接下来的四年里,他们希望过着高中描绘的\'美好生活。但事实是,大学生活中有很多东西要学。
First, the major knowledge occupies the most important role. As a student, learning knowledge is their job, while many students focus on playing cellphone in the class, or just sleep. They lose interest in studying when they come to the free environment. Mastering the professional skill helps them to be competitive. The sad thing is that most of them can't realize it.
首先,专业知识占据着最重要的角色。作为一名学生,学习知识是他们的工作,而很多学生在课堂上玩手机,或者睡觉。当他们来到自由的环境后对学习失去了兴趣。掌握专业技能帮助他们提高竞争力,可悲的是,大多数人没有意识到这一点。
Second, as there is much free time, they can make use of it and gain the valuable experience. Students can join some clubs to develop more interest, or find part-time jobs. It is better than to stay in the dorm and play computer games all the time.
第二,由于空闲时间多,他们可以充分利用好这些时间,并从中获得宝贵的经验。学生可以参加一些活动来发展更多的兴趣爱好,或找份兼职工作。比呆在宿舍玩电脑游戏好多了。
A lot of students feel lost in the campus, because they don't plan campus life well. The things you learn will make you different in the future.
很多学生因为没有计划好校园生活在所以迷失了。所学到的东西会让你在未来有所作为。
Life has its ups and downs, and only true friends always stay around. Like anyone else, I have got many friends. They often help me when I’m in trouble. Especially, when I fail in an examination, they always care for me and encourage me to study harder. Last year, when I was hurt in a basketball game, my friends took me to the nearby hospital at once and look after me by turns. In my eyes, friends are the most precious wealth that one should treasure all his life.
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