(一启始
惠书敬悉,甚以为慰。
顷接大示,如见故人。
久不通函,至以为念。
前上一函,谅已入鉴。
近屡奉笺,至感厚谊深情。
接获手书,情意拳拳,至不欢愉。
数奉手书,热情诚挚之情,溢于言表。
日前曾奉尺牍,意其已抵左右。
捧读知已惠书,音容笑颜,历历在目。
昨得书笺,反复读之,深情厚意,感莫能言。
(二思念
别后月余,殊深驰系。
睽违日久,拳念殷殊。
分手甚久,别来无恙。
故园念切,梦寐神驰。
握别以来,深感寂寞,近况如何,甚念。
鸿雁传来,千里咫尺,海天在望,不尽依依。
相距甚远,不能聚首,转寄文墨,时通消息。
别亦良久,甚以为怀,何日重逢,登高延企。
奉读惠书,宛如天外飞来,回首往事,不啻依稀如昨。
长怀盛德,聊吐愚衷,谨凭鸿雁之传,伫望白云之信。
(三饮佩
大示拜读,心折殊深。
久钦鸿才,时怀渴谒。
德宏才羡,屡屡怀慕。
久慕英才,拜谒如渴。
顷读诲语,如闻金玉良言,茅塞顿开。
谨蒙诲教,疑或冰释,胜似春风甘霖灌顶。
恩师才高八斗,学富五车,泰山北斗,谁不思慕。
蒙惠书并赐佳作,浩如河汉,理至还必须真,拜服之至。嗣后如有所见,或有新作,望莫遗愚友之驽,尚请随时见示为盼。
先生德高望重,文才武略,贯古今之论,晓中外之文,下风引领,敢下拜嘉。
(四问病
闻君欠安,甚为悬念。
顷闻您卧榻数日,心甚系念。
闻君甚念,无奈事务缠身,未能前来请安,恳请慎疾自爱。
知尊恙复发,恳祈暂停公务,苓参进,调养莫误,甚念甚念。
尊恙已大愈否?贵体新全,望珍摄自重,衣餐增适,动定咸宜。诸唯珍重,皮之不存,毛岂附焉,来日方长,亟望珍重。
尊恙愈否,念念。
欣闻贵体康复,至为慰藉。
重病新愈,望调养有序,节劳为盼。
闻君抱恙,不胜悬念,特函问候,祝早日康复。
(五时令问候
春寒料峭,善自珍重。
阳春三月,燕语莺歌,想必神采奕奕。
炎暑日蒸,千万珍重。
盛暑之后,继以炎秋,务望尚自珍为盼。
秋色宜人,望养志和神。
秋风萧萧,至祈摄卫。
日来寒威愈烈火,伏维福躬无恙。
寒风苦雨,恳请厚自珍爱。
近闻贵地大风暴雨,家居安否,念念。
朔风突起,寒潮逼至,想寓中均安?
(六祝贺
顷闻嘉讯,再祝鸿猷大展,万里鹏程。
欣闻……,谨寄数语,聊表祝贺与希望之心。
喜闻……,由衷快慰,遥祝前程似锦,万事如意。
谨具刀笔书谒,恭贺嘉事吉礼。
1、贺新婚
忽鸣燕贺,且祝新禧。
欣闻足下花烛筵开,奉呈薄礼,聊卺之仪。
附呈微物,聊佐喜仪,忽弃是幸。
喜闻你们有缘终成眷属,至为欣慰。
欣闻你们喜结良缘,无限欣慰。
近闻足下燕尔新婚,特此祝贺。
顷悉你不日西厢叙情,蓝田得玉,天成佳偶,谨祝秦晋和欢,白头偕老。
顷闻吉音,欣逢嘉礼,遥祝如鱼得水,并蒂花开,嘉贺嘉祝。
2、祝寿
×日为先生××大寿,遥祝寿比南山,福如东海。
恭祝延年寿千秋。
谨颂受寿家多,长命百岁。
喜贺福寿双全,恭贺全家安好,寿星永照。
3、贺生儿女
闻育祥麟,谨此恭贺。
闻尊夫妇喜添千金,热忱致贺。(贺生女
弄璋之喜,可庆可贺。(贺生子
弄瓦之庆,遥以致贺。(贺生女
(七致谢
大示诵悉,深感勤勤恳恳诲人不倦之意。
厚情盛意,应接不遑,切谢切谢。
奉报先生殷殷之谊,当俟异日耳。
感荷高情,非只语片言所能鸣谢。
承蒙谆谆忠告,铭感五衷。
承蒙见教,获益甚多,特上寸笺,以申谢忱。
承蒙惠赠各物,衷心感谢,不胜荣幸。
承蒙存问,且赠佳品,感恩不尽。
如此厚赠,实深惶悚,但来从远道,却之不恭,因即拜领。
(八致歉
惠书敬悉,甚感盛情,迟复为歉。
奉读惠书,久未作复,罪甚罪甚。
惠书已悉,近因琐务,未即奉答为歉。
数奉台函,未暇修复,抱歉良深。
所询之事,目前尚难奉复,敬请宽裕为怀。
前事有逆尊意,不胜惭愧,万望海涵。
前事有负雅意,十分抱歉,尚希恕之。
见有睽异之处,幸在知己,尚希见宽降恕。
(九拜托
冒味唐突干请,惟望幸许。
拜托之处,乞费神代办,不胜感荷。
谨布区区,尚希鉴明,费神相助。
所恳之事,若蒙慨允,将不胜感激之至。
特沥寸函布达,祈忽他言推诿。
为书请之,便中还请一询为荷。
乞赐……,以志厚谊。
鉴于此情,望您能大解善囊,尽力相助。
人生友谊,唯君多谊,切望惠泽大诿,鼎力为之。
岁月悠悠,与君多谊,还望滋润再三,泽被延绵。
(十致哀
惊闻××作古,家失栋材,悲痛万分。
尊×猝去,深致哀悼,尚望节哀顺变。
前闻令×逝去,为之惨然,人死不能复生,尚望节哀。
闻悉××仙逝,不胜伤悼,足下遭此不幸,伤感必甚,恳请宽辟哀情,善自珍爱。
死者已矣,生者恳请多多保重。
希高年珍摄,勉抑哀思。谨函驰陈,藉申慰问。
惊承讣告,悲悼不已,凡在相好,无不同深惋惜。
(十一赠物
奉呈薄资,尚望笑纳为幸。
区区小物两包,聊供途中之需,即乞晒纳。
所奉礼品虽微不足道,但物轻情意重,望勿嫌弃。
千里鹅毛,聊表寸心。
微物奉上,聊祝吉安,幸祈笑纳。
寄奉百元,聊佐薪水,为数甚微,将意而已。
(十二请教
风雨同舟,愿闻明教。
倘蒙见教,没齿不忘,一日为师,终生为父。
倘承不吝赐教家,幸甚幸甚。
甚盼时赐物,匡我不逮。
得暇望时赐教言为祷。
一切恳请详示,万望莫以鄙陋而不堪教也。
苦有所得,祈随时赐示为盼。
倘有所闻,尚祈见告,俾资改进,不胜为盼。
(十三商讨
愚直之言,尚祈嘉纳。
蒙雅爱,沥胆直谏。
叨称至好,故敢缄阻,草沥数行,请鉴纳。
相见以诚,请恕不谦。
微开之言,幸无见阔,不胜大愿。
叨在契末,斗胆直陈,伏维朗照,不尽缕衷。
吾敬先生,尤爱真理,故秉笔直陈,希原谅之为祷。
缘承下询,草复寸笺,种种尚须斟酌之处,尊意如何?
此等事本不累述,惟既屡承下问,慨然如感,遂略布鄙怀,万乞曲矛谅察为幸。
(十四结束
匆此先复,余容后禀。
铁此布臆,余容续陈。
临书仓促,不尽欲言。
日来事冗,恕不多叙。
书不尽意,余言后续。
草率书此,祈恕不恭。
驰函寓意,伫望示复。
匆此草就,不成文进,原宥是幸。
忙中即书,言不由衷,不足之处,恕见谅。
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
01、信念是巍巍大厦的栋梁,没有它,就只是一堆散乱的砖瓦;信念是滔滔大江的河床,没有它,就只有一片泛滥的波浪;信念是熊熊烈火的引星,没有它,就只有一把冰冷的柴把;信念是远洋巨轮的主机,没有它,就只剩下瘫痪的巨架。
●02、站在历史的海岸漫溯那一道道历史沟渠:楚大夫沉吟泽畔,九死不悔;魏武帝扬鞭东指,壮心不已;陶渊明悠然南山,饮酒采菊……他们选择了永恒,纵然谄媚诬蔑视听,也不随其流扬其波,这是执著的选择;纵然马革裹尸,魂归狼烟,只是豪壮的选择;纵然一身清苦,终日难饱,也愿怡然自乐,躬耕陇亩,这是高雅的选择。在一番选择中,帝王将相成其盖世伟业,贤士迁客成其千古文章。
●03、只有启程,才会到达理想和目的地,只有拼搏,才会获得辉煌的成功,只有播种,才会有收获。只有追求,才会品味堂堂正正的人。
●04、虽然你现在还只是一株稚嫩的幼苗。然而只要坚韧不拔,终会成为参天大树;虽然你现在只是涓涓细流,然而只要锲而不舍,终会拥抱大海;虽然你现在只是一只雏鹰,然而只要心存高远,跌几个跟头之后,终会占有蓝天。
●05、冰心说道:“爱在左,同情在右,走在生命的两旁,随时撒种,随时开花,将这一径长途,点缀得香花弥漫,使穿枝拂叶的行人,踏着荆棘,不觉得痛苦,有泪可落,却不是悲凉。”
06,悲观的人,先被自己打败,然后才被生活打败;乐观的人,先战胜自己,然后才战胜生活。悲观的人,所受的痛苦有限,前途也有限;乐观的人,所受的磨难无量,前途也无量。在悲观的人眼里,原来可能的事也能变成不可能;在乐观的人眼里,原来不可能的事也能变成可能。悲观只能产生平庸,乐观才能造就卓绝。从卓绝的人那里,我们不难发现乐观的'精神;从平庸的人那里,我们很容易找到阴郁的影子。
●07、坚持的昨天叫立足,坚持的今天叫进取,坚持的明天叫成功。
●08、如果只看到太阳的黑点,那你的生活将缺少温暖;如果你只看到月亮的阴影,那么你的生命历程将难以找到光明;如果你总是发现朋友的缺点,你么你的人生旅程将难以找到知音;同样,如果你总希望自己完美无缺,假设你的这一愿望真的能如愿以偿,那么你最大的缺点就是没有缺点。
●09、喜马拉雅直冲霄汉,可上面有攀爬者的旗臶;撒哈拉沙漠一望无垠,可里面有跋涉者的脚印;阿尔卑斯山壁立千仞,可其中有探险者的身影;雅鲁藏布江湍急浩荡,可其中有勇敢者的故事。
●10、流逝的日子像一片片凋零的枯叶与花瓣,渐去渐远的是青春的纯情与浪漫。不记得曾有多少雨飘在胸前风响在耳畔,只知道沧桑早已漫进了我的心爬上了我的脸。当一个人与追求同行,便坎坷是伴,磨难也是伴。
●11、月有阴晴圆缺,人有悲欢离合,命有否泰变化,年有四季更替,熬过长夜,你便能见到黎明,饱受痛苦,你便能拥有快乐,耐过寒冬,你便无须蛰伏,落尽寒梅,你便能企盼新春。
●12、没有蓝天的深邃,可以有白云的飘逸;没有大海的壮阔,可以有小溪的优雅;没有原野的芬芳,可以有小草的翠绿。生活中没有旁观者的席位,我们总可以找到自己的位臵,自己的光源,自己的声音。
●13、或许是命运的不幸注定要将自己缤纷多彩的梦撞碎;或许是天地的无情终归要将自己继日的辛勤当做泡影放飞,或许是许许多多的难以理解却又实实在在的障碍与挫折早已将意气丰发的拼搏与百折不挠的进击化为道道忧愁阵阵孤寂,那么就请在凄惨中反省我们自己吧!
●14、“成功的花,人们只惊羡它现时的明艳;而当初的芽,却浸透了奋斗的泪泉,洒满了牺牲的血雨。”(冰心语)我们每个人都渴望成功,那么我们就应该在刚刚起步的时候,用我们无悔的付出,去浇灌隔那刚刚萌芽的种子。
●15、每一滴水都折射出一个多彩的世界,每一双眼睛都嵌进一个多彩的世界,每一条泛着清丽的旋律的小溪都闪烁着美的光辉。不要空叹人世的无奈,且用美丽的心情来看待人世的繁华多彩,细细品味那无处不在的美吧!
●16、也许你只是一株稚嫩的幼苗,然而只要坚忍不拔。终会成为参天大树;也许你只是一条涓涓小溪,然而只要锲而不舍,。终会拥抱大海;也许你只是一只雏鹰,然而只要心存高远,跌几个跟头,终会翱翔蓝天。
●17、当雏鹰尚嗷嗷待哺于巢穴之中,观望蓝天白云之时,它已有了梦想,那就是振翅九霄,与蓝天搏击,与白云共舞;当骏马休憩于栅栏之中,昂首长嘶之时,它也已有了梦想,那就是奋蹄原野,驰骋天下。
●18、冰雪覆盖的时候,我们需要一团火来取暖;暗夜无边的时候,我们需要点点星光来取暖;前途茫茫时,我们需要一盏航灯来取暖……四季轮回,心里滤不去的是烦恼和忧愁,脚下略不去的是艰辛和伤痛。寒天冷日,让我们用什么来温暖迎风而立的自己?留些真诚给自己取暖吧!
●19、大海如果失去巨浪的翻滚,也就失去了雄浑;沙漠如果失去了飞沙的狂舞,也就失去了壮美;人生如果失去了真实的历程,也就失去了意义。
●20、一条幽径,曲折迂回中总会激起心旷神怡的向往;一波巨澜,潮起潮落时更能叠出惊心动魄的鸣响;一个故事,遗憾悲婉里才有肝肠寸段的凄凉;一种人生,跌宕困顿中方显惊世骇俗的豪壮。
●21、青春是用意志的血滴和拼搏的汗水酿成的琼浆——历久弥香;青春是用不凋的希望和不灭的向往编织的彩虹——绚丽辉煌;青春是用永恒的执著和顽强的韧劲筑起的一道铜墙铁壁——固若金汤。
1.If all those factors are contemplated, the advantages of... carry more weight than those of... From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...
2.No doubt that we can’t control the problem... unless there is an immediate action... The chance is very good that...
3.From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on TV has (a great influence on young adults’ behavior. Therefore, one can naturally reach this conclusion that...
4.In conclusion, .../In short, .../All in all, .../By and large .../To summarize...
5.In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of... Only in this way can... in the future.
6.Taking into account all these factors offered above, we may carefully reach the conclusion that...
7.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...
8.This fact provides strong reason for thinking that..., thus... is actually preferable to ... rather than the reverse.
9.Judging from all given evidences, we can safely come to the decision that...
10.With the two opposite opinions discussed above, it is clear that neither of them is reasonable. As for ...I think, the latter... .If, on the other hand, the former...
1.Nowadays, a heated debate/discussion about... is under way in China. Some people believe that... whereas others argue that...
2.In recent years/In the past few years, there has been a growing (widespread/general realization( awareness/feeling towards that...
3.Nowadays people in a significant/increasing number are beginning (getting/coming to realize/believe that..
4.Although everyone believes that..., I doubt/wonder whether the argument bears much analysis.
5.This is a very conventional issue, but we can approach it from a new angle/a new point of view.
6.This problem is a much-debated one in that it affects everybody in their daily lives. People may prefer one to another, although some have no opinion about it. But if I am concerned, I can only disagree with the title statement and the reasons are given below.
7.There is a general discussion today on the issue of... Those who criticize... argue that... They believe that... but people who advocate...claim that… They hold the opinion that…
8.In a modern society, people have the freedom to choose... or... Although they normally coexist peacefully, they deserve some close examination. If the third criteria were taken into account, by comparison, people would prefer...
9.When we talk about..., we usually mean that..., or even that... The true... is not..., but that...
10.Contrary to widely held ideas, I believe that...
1.So far as I know, such a phenomenon comes up as a result of the following facts. To begin with, ... And more than that, ... Last but not the least,...
2.So far as I know, some factors that contribute to the above tendency may be summarized as below. First of all, ... What’s more, ... The last one is ...
3.Some people favor... as..., and they argue that.. It seems to be so at the first sight, however, on reflection, we are convinced that it is just another coin with two sides. Firstly, ... is, of course, valid as far as it goes, and we can benefit from this point... However, we must be fully aware of its potential danger, taking into account the risk resulting from...
4.As far as I know, the above tendency may inevitably give rise to some effects as follows.
5Considering the social atmosphere today, it is not a time to... It is high time to... The fact that... is what should be emphasized. Those who object to this idea forget a universal truth that... As I remember... In addition... An instance that accompanies this reason is that... On the other hand, ... Finally...
6.There are several significant reasons as follows. Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Thirdly,...
7.It would be possible to think that ..., but it would be more foolish to claim that..., and it would be more foolish to believe that...
8.We all know that... plays an important role in... However, many people believe that... depends on two aspects of... The first is... The second is... A further argument is...
9.In many cases, however, there is something beyond our expectation: yet we can compare and contrast all the relevant factors and find a way out /in/ between.
10.There are, I think, at least two possible ways to cope with it. The first way to tackle it is to appeal to the authorities to take drastic measures to (do... The other policy that is worth adopting
is to work out new regulations to (do ... Only in this way can we succeed in dealing with the problem in the near future.
改写括号中的内容,使其句式整齐,韵律和谐。
醒来眼里布满了泪水;(大病之后我疲乏,依依不舍的离别,旅行途中的辛苦,到家后可能的恐怖的事实,)都到心上来了。
分析:这是一道典型的语言运用试题,在近年中考语文试卷中经常出现。这类句式修改,一般要求句式整齐,语意连贯,可调整个别词语和句子顺序,但不得改变句子愿意。
句式整齐,语意连贯,其实就是修改为整句。整句是什么呢?整句就是把结构相同或者相似的一组句子整齐地排列在一起。整句形式整齐,音律和谐,气势贯通,能够把内容表达得鲜明集中,有利于突出作者的思想感情。
本题的实质是将原句修改为排比句(排比句就是整句的一种),但在题目中并没有明确指出,意在降低试题难度,只要句式基本整齐,意思和原句差不多都能得分。
查看本题中要修改的部分,我们很容易发现,出现了“大病之后”、“旅行途中”、“到家后”三个时间状语,只要第二个短语“依依不舍的离别”可以修改为时间状语修饰,句式基本上就整齐了。“依依不舍的离别”就是离别的时候依依不舍呀,“离别时”不就是一个时间状语吗?
看看,这样修改后就变成了“大病之后我疲乏,离别时的依依不舍,旅行途中的'辛苦,到家后可能的恐怖的事实”
是否还需要进一步修改呢?同学们在修改中也要试着读一读,看看还有不有别扭的地方。我们很快就可以发现,第一个短语和后三个是不同的。我们只需要把第一个短语也修改成的字短语修改的偏正短语就行了。
“大病之后的疲乏,离别时的依依不舍,旅行途中的辛苦,到家后可能的恐怖的事实”
这已经非常不错了,当然,你还可以进一步美化。
“大病后的疲乏,离别时的不舍,旅行途中的辛苦,到家后可能的恐怖的事实”
前三句字格式、字数完全相同了,最后一句是不能改为“到家后的事实”的,也不能改为“到家后的恐怖事实”,因为去掉“可能”,就改变原句的原意了。
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