若说人生是一条道路,那便是一条布满荆棘的道路。如果你走错了第一步,那接下来是将迎接与它环环相扣的错误,这说明在人生的道路上需要一个良好的开端,更需要脚踏实地的去走好每一步。
***到北大考察时,对参加讲座的师生们说:“人生的扣子从一开始就要扣好。为什么呢?这就像穿衣服扣扣子一样,如果第一粒扣错了,剩余的扣子都会扣错。”他以“扣扣子”为比喻,告诫我们从小要树立正确的人生观和价值观。
自打我上小学,妈妈就让我养成坚强、独立的性格,自己的事自己做。
那是一个飘着毛毛细雨的早晨,我早早地出门去买早餐。对于平常吃惯了面包牛奶的妈妈,我多么想给她一个惊喜——为她买一碗热腾腾的面。我买完面便匆匆往回赶。
我小跑着上楼,希望快点把这个惊喜带给妈妈。突然,我的脚下打了个滑,不但我自己摔了个狗啃泥,而且连滚烫的面也泼洒了我一手。我被烫得哇哇大哭,哭声引来了妈妈,我哭丧着脸对妈妈诉苦,满以为会得到一点同情与怜爱,可妈妈只是简单地交代了几句,便又递给我钱,让我重新去买一份。我大为震惊:妈妈怎么那么狠心呀?何况我又是个女孩,她居然都不安慰我一下,我到底是不是她亲生的?我忍着疼痛和怒火接过妈妈给我的钱,又去买了一碗面。
晚上睡觉时,因今天的烫伤让我无法入睡。只要手微微动一下,就会像刀割一般疼痛难忍。“她还那么小,经得起你这样的折腾吗?”爸爸轻声责备妈妈。“我并不是在折腾她。我只是想让她从小养成独立、坚强的性格,以后才能在社会上立足。”听到这儿,我的泪水慢慢流出了眼眶,划过脸滴到了枕头上,原来妈妈是爱我的。我终于明白了妈妈的良苦用心。原来妈妈是在用她独特的爱,为我系好人生的第一粒扣子做准备。
经历了这件事,我在学习和生活中慢慢地领悟了妈妈说的那句话。同时,也让我懂得了扣好人生第一粒扣子道理和意义,明白了自己的路要靠自己来走。
点评:富于哲理。作者以穿衣扣扣的通俗比喻,引入人生境界,令人极易认同。而重要的是作品开门见山的直奔主题,为而后的形象出现铺开了道路,而结尾则呼应前题,引人遐思。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
有人问我,人生第一颗扣子是什么?我果断的回答:“诚信。”
扣好人生第一颗扣子很重要,因为,如果扣错,必定是步步错。孔子曾说:“与朋友交言而有信。”这告诉我们交友是离不开诚信的,诚信不仅是做人之本,立国之根,还是中华文化之传承。
秦国丞相商鞅,为了赢得百姓的信任,证明自己讲诚信。他特意命人搬来一根木头,说谁能把这块木头搬到指定的地方。就赏五两黄金。在场的人都将信将疑,没有一个人敢去搬。过了一会儿,有个大力士把它搬到了指定地点,商鞅立马赏赐给他五两金子。这件事一传十,十传百,为天下人所知。从此,商鞅在百姓心中树立了威信。在他的辅佐下,秦国国力大大增强,为秦统一六国奠定了物质基础,可谓影响深远。
在古代,诚信的种子就已经在人们的心里扎根了。按理说,现在应是根深蒂固,枝繁叶茂,长成参天大树了。可有一段时间,我却开始怀疑诚信。直到那天有人为我送来了一缕阳光,我才又坚信了诚信的存在与可贵。他就是吴强,一个拾金不昧、诚实守信的好人。
那时,我上六年级,我和吴强走在回家的路上,到学校门口时,我突然想起自己的被子还没拿,就折转身飞快地跑上楼到宿舍。正好看见我的另一个好朋友,王刚也在收东西。便问了一句:“王刚,你在收东西吗?”“是啊。”他回答道。“那你坐几路车?”我又问。“5路。”他说。“太巧了,我也坐5路!”我兴奋地回答。就这样我们一路说啊、笑啊,一直聊到了家。那时是初夏,有一些炎热,我和王刚出来时,吴强正好去了洗手间,我们就这样错过了,我当时就想,吴强肯定走了,肯定不会等我,所以也没在意。后来,我听吴强说,他等到快关门时,才焦急不安的出了校门。
第二天,我找到了吴强,他说:“奥,昨天你跑得真快,连钱掉了也不懂,幸好被我捡到了。给!”“不会吧?”我赶紧摸摸自己的口袋,口袋空空如也。
“哎呀,这是妈妈给我买日记本的钱,如果丢了一定会挨骂。谢谢你,吴强。”
“切,说什么呢?捡到东西要物归原主,这是我们做人的准则。诚信是我们人生第一颗扣子啊。你忘记了?”吴强笑着说。
我抬眼,阳光朗照。诚信,人生第一颗扣子,我信心满满的扣好。
朋友们,为扣好人生第一颗扣子,一起加油吧!
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
刚开始主持人讲解了一些我们学校的资料,他说:“育才小学于是2005年建成,周围是较大的别墅区:清水湾”。然后主持人又介绍了三年级各班的情况。
接着就开始了“摸石过河”的比赛,一开始我们的体育委员“沈大侠”给我们开了个好头,他把别人远远的甩在了后面,第二个同学也不错,可是第三个同学洪冶琳差点让三七班的'同学追上来,还好韩雨澄又赶了上来,最后三七班、三六班、三五班、三四班……都没有追上我们,我们赢了第一关。
可是因为我们太骄傲了,第二、三关分别因为走歪了和摔了跤而输了。到了最后一关“四人五足行”,因为我们经过了长期的训练,我们以6秒多的时间又取得了第一,我们欢呼着,我们相互击掌着,激动的心情久久不能平静。
通过这次比赛,我们认识到团队精神的重要,并且一旦骄傲,什么也做不好,今后做任何事情都不能骄傲。
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.