近年来,为推进学生综合语言能力的培养,中学英语语篇教学越来越受到英语教学专家和一线教师的关注。如何将建构主义教学思想应用于中学英语语篇教学?我做了如下思考与尝试。
在当前的语篇教学中,我们往往把注意力过多放在新单词、新句式的教授上,一节课常常顾此失彼。教学目标不能达成。我在进行语篇教学的过程中,比较关注对学生学习策略的引导。譬如,在引入一篇对话或短文时,教学生抓住全文的关键信息:如果采用听的方式,我会教给学生速记的方法;如果采用阅读的形式,我会关注学生扫读的技巧。在引导学生学习一篇文章的过程中,我会注意引导学生学会根据上下文去猜测某些新单词的意义。而在对一篇对话或短文进行归纳总结的时候,引导学生学会抓住关键词作为提示可以提高学生学习的效率。我认为,在语篇教学过程中,我们为学生解决的,应该不仅仅是语言知识的积累,更重要的是学习方法的指导、学习习惯的养成,好的学习方法和习惯会让孩子们获益终生。
句型是根据句子的结构、特点和意义从大量的句子中抽象、概括出来的语言的一般表现形式。在教学中,根据学生的认知特点、心理特点和教学实际,运用建构主义教学思想设计教学活动,有利于句型教学目标的高度达成,应当把握以下四个基本途径。
Dear teacher,
We'll have a class meeting this afternoon. All of us students hope that you can attend it. Please accept our sincere invitation.
In the class meeting, we will make some plans about all the subjects, including English. We do have some puzzles and we need your help. So we hope you can set some time aside to be with us in the class meeting. We will feel honored if you can come to attend our class meeting.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours
Jane
Dear Miss Brown,
I am writing to express my sincere thanks to you for caring me in the last two years. During the days of being your student, I learn a lot. Firstly, your serious attitude towards teaching and our students moves me too much. You inspire and push me to work harder and harder. Secondly, I fall in love with English under the influence of you. As a student of science and engineering, I’ve been thinking that English does no good to me, but you help me to find the fabulous glamour of English that leads me to know a totally different world and develop a different way of thinking. Finally, your continuous encouragement supports me a lot when I meet challenges or difficulties. You said that everything to the last will certainly become a good thing, if it is not, not yet to the last. Every time, remembering your words, I am so inspired to keep going.
Above all, I want to say thank you again and please accept my sincere appreciation. Best wishes for you.
Cruse
建构主义学习理论认为,学习不是简单的信息积累,更重要的是包含新旧知识经验的冲突。以及由此而引发的认知结构的***。“联系”与“思考”是意义构建的关键。小学英语句型教学应培养学生通过对知识的主动探索和发现来建构所学知识的意义。
《牛津小学英语》教材的编写采用循环式编排方式。以时间表达的句型为例,这套教材在3B、4A、5B的教材中先后三次在相关单元安排了时间表达的不同句型,体现了“循序渐进、逐步扩展、综合复现”的原则。有一位教师在教学5B第七单元“A busy day时安排了4个教学步骤:1 教师出示教具钟。T:What’s the time?(旧知S1:It’s three o’clock,(旧知2 教师将时间拨到3:30。T:What time is it?(新知S2:It’s three thirty,(旧知3 学习新句型后,教师让学生向教师提问。S3:What time is it?(刚学的新知T:n’s halfpast three,(新知4 教师出示新旧句型,让学生读一读,比一比,想一想,说一说。
这种根据教材内容的编排特点,帮助学生实现由旧知向新知的迁移的教学方法,既突出了知识的连贯性和整体性的教学,从客观上降低了学生理解新知的难度,又有利于学生循序渐进地建构新知。
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