这个暑假,我们去连云港旅行。去连云港有两个原因,一是给奶奶过生日,二是因为那儿有花果山,看了《西游记》之后,我就非常想去那儿了。
我们的汽车一路向北上了高速,旁边的农田里还是绿油油的,我猜想:那是不是农民伯伯们刚刚播种的庄稼啊?
到了涟水,我们开进了一条村子里,忽然我妈妈大叫一声:“这是养鹿厂吗?”我一听到养鹿厂就来了精神。我特别好奇,急忙让爸爸把车返回去,看个究竟。到了门口,我仔细一看,三只小鹿站在门口,像极了真的鹿,不过他们不是真的,而是玩具,我们一家人都哈哈大笑起来,妈妈更是连连说:“看错了,看错了,太不好意思了。”
不一会儿,我们就到了爷爷那儿。爷爷待的是北大荒的粮库,这里的房子都是几十米高的,里面装满了国家的储备粮。爷爷真厉害!奶奶早早地就做好了午饭等我们来,吃好饭,我们休息了一会儿,一行六人就向连云港花果山出发了。
到了花果山,天是那么蓝,山是那么高,水是那么碧。我们坐着车,开上了像龙一样的山路,开了大概半个小时,终于到达了山顶。一下车,雾气就扑面而来,就像到了神仙住的地方。一阵阵冷风吹在我身上冷冷的。我、爸爸、还有爷爷爬上了花果山最高的山峰,整个连云港尽收眼底。
下了山,我看见标有“齐天大圣”的棋子随风飘扬,拉着妈妈给我合影。出了花果山,天色已晚,我的肚子饿得咕咕直叫。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
暑假的一天,我和爸爸妈妈来到了连云港。
连云港的环境很好,这里的天格外的蓝,云格外的白,空气格外的清新。在这里的街上汽车很少,许多人都是在步行。它的景色也很美,不管是海边,还是山上,它们都个有特色。站在山上,放眼望去,蔚蓝的大海一望无边。山下,许许多多艘纯木制作的渔船有规则的停靠在岸边,海鸥在天空中缓缓的飞翔着。海风也不时吹拂着大地,充满了一种古朴的风味。
第二天,我有幸来到了“齐天大圣”孙悟空的老家――花果山。
进入花果山,只见花果山两旁树林茂盛,景色十分宜人。我们首先到了三元宫,据说这宫里供奉了三尊佛,他们掌管天,地,水三界。最吸引我的还是耸立在宫两旁的两棵银杏树,它们一雄一雌,都已经有1100岁了,它们经历了战争的风雨,也看到了太平盛世。紧接着,我们又来到了屏竹禅院,院里长满了这里独有的竹子――金镶玉竹。据说在1993年我国发行了一套名叫竹子的邮票,其中第二枚就是金镶玉竹。
随后,我来到了最富传奇色彩,也最神秘的地方,就是水帘洞。水帘洞的水一泻而下,因此得名。水帘洞旁边有一个石阶,可以从那儿进入洞中。想当年,孙悟空一跃进入水帘洞,称猴王时是何等壮观,我顿时感慨万分。
最后我们有看了毛公碑,玉女峰等等,真是美丽啊!
花果山不愧是孙悟空的老家。
第三天,我又来到了著名的渔湾风景区。
一进入风景区,一座大山就出现在了我的眼前。水从高高的大坝上飞流直下,真是有点“飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天”的感觉。水声就象愤怒的狮子正在吼叫,震耳欲聋。走上阶梯,还有水冲下来,好象给我洗了一次脚。
一路向上,我们来到了大坝。大坝十分眼熟。哦!原来是电视剧《西游记》片尾的一个拍摄地点。大坝拦住的绿水旺因为下雨,所以水漫了出来,形成了一泻千里,滔滔不绝的瀑布,蔚为壮观。
下山了,这时的道路变的十分泥泞,完全不能和上山的路相比。上山是两旁长着高大挺拔的树木,下山时两旁全是野草,好象进入了荒郊野岭。但是就是这种路,让我体验到了真正爬山的乐趣。
渔湾风景区不仅美,也十分好玩。
几天以来,我感觉到连云港是一个美丽的都市。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
暑假里的一天,晴空万里,耀眼的阳光把我的心照得暖洋洋的,因为我和妈妈即将开启一段难忘的连云港之旅。
坐了5个小时的车程,我们终于来到了期盼已久的连云港。在连云港,我们游览的第一个景点是花果山。因为花果山是齐天大圣孙悟空的老家,所以它成了连云港著名的旅游景点。
刚来到花果山脚下,只见一个头戴紧箍咒、惟妙惟肖的孙悟空头像出现在景点的大门上,这好像是它在捍卫花果山呢!
我们先坐车沿盘山公路开往半山腰。在途中,我突然发现太阳公公悄悄地躲在了阴云背后,天色也变暗了许多,纯净的空气中还弥漫着薄薄的雾,闻起来十分清新。“嗖,嗖”两个黑影从我眼前闪过,我定睛一看,原来是两只顽皮的小猴子好奇地打量着我们,还不时发出忽高忽低的叫声,好像在跟我们打招呼呢!
下了车,我才发现刚才的薄雾越聚越多,很快就变成了浓浓的雾。山上参天的大树被披上了一层乳白色的白纱,倒也增添了几分神秘的色彩。这些雾浓时像拨不开的棉花糖;淡时像轻柔的白纱,给人以仙境般的感觉。忽然,一股风卷着浓雾团团向我们扑面而来,宛如是孙大圣所驾的祥云,来去匆匆。虽然这次天气不太好,但却给我们一种新的视觉效果。
欣赏完一番美景后,我们又来到了孙悟空的水帘洞。其实水帘洞就是小型瀑布,晶莹透亮的水从山顶流下来,形成了一个天然的水帘,真是美不胜收!再看看人们在瀑布下不亦乐乎的样子,我也迫不及待地走向水帘洞。“哗啦,哗啦”的流水从我的头顶冲下来,清凉与刺激的感觉让我不禁呼喊了起来:“哇,好凉快、好刺激啊!”虽然我被冲成了“落汤鸡”,但却冲不走我心中的快乐。
第二天清早,我们来到了江苏最大的岛屿——连岛。连岛是海边的一座岛屿,自然就有了沙滩。沙滩边,沙鸥点点,金色的沙子与湛蓝的大海形成了鲜明的对比,我赤脚步入海滩,松软的沙子把我的脚盖住了,痒痒的,像沙子在给我挠痒痒似的。
海面上,雪白的浪花后浪推着前浪,真是美极了!我迫不及待地走进了大海,可我一靠近,一个调皮的浪头“蹭”一下就打湿了我的裤腿,我便“报复”性地跳过了接下来的浪头。飞溅的水花像一朵朵怒放的花朵在我身边出现。
看着这些水花,我突发奇想:书上说海水是咸的,我为何不亲自尝一下呢?我用手指沾了一下海水放进嘴里。顿时,一种从未有过的味道瞬间灌满了我全身的'每一个细胞和味蕾,我手舞足蹈地欢呼道:“咸的!咸的!
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