读同学们的作文,感受最深的是两种情况:一种是“落花流水春去也”,我自飘零水自流,就事论事,空洞议论;一种是“为赋新词强说愁”,情感泛滥,抒情无着。
如果写的人心中没有炽热的感情,却想在作品中表现出什么打动人心的情感,这种可能是是极小的,要想感动别人,就首先要感动自己。但是,就算已经感动了自己,也不见得就能感动别人。这里面就有方法的问题,写作的手法显得尤为重要。
不是少年无情愁,为赋新词强说愁,而是愁在心里人自知,他人何处觅秋风。别人感受不到,那是因为写的人没有很好的表达,无关乎愁深愁浅。
有一首歌这样唱:最近有点烦,有点烦,有点烦。烦确实是烦了,主要是听的人烦了,一句话反复说,不烦才怪。但是,烦的意境有没有出来?没有。也许心绪是有了,感染力却没有,无法给人身临其境的触动。如果连音乐的曲调也没有了,那简直就成了噪音。
这种抒情法是最糟糕的,直抒情意,简单粗暴。写作是表情达意的艺术,不仅要把意思表达清楚明白,还要表达得体有情味,这样的作品才有可读性,才能在考场上拿高分。
“微凉的秋风卷起散落一地的枯叶,然后撒手而去,任凭枯叶化作一只只残蝶,而后绝望地坠。枝头那颤抖的枯叶,终是敌不过风的诱惑,挣脱开母亲的手投向了大地的怀抱。离开了的,终是回不去了吧…… ”这是同学的习作。文字有了情境,给人以画面感,笔端流露出情绪。作者虽然没有直接去抒情,却是有意地表现情意,加上最后一句“离开的了,终是回不去了吧”,便可引出下文的.回忆。
有景有情,有画面,有情境,借情抒情,不得不说,这种抒情法又上升了一个层次。
但是,如果细品,还是会感觉这样的景是被心绪扭曲了的景,并非自然,甚至因为扭曲过分而显出了虚假的成分。
最高级的抒情,是将景和情融为一体,不偏不倚,景中有情,情中有景。秦少游有一首《减字木兰花》:欲见回肠,断尽金炉小篆香。“回肠”是作者内心千回百转的感情,当然是看不见的。但是,作者又要让读者看见,怎么办?他就说了,你想看见我千回百转的感情,就去看看那个金炉中断尽的小篆香。香燃尽了,灰烬掉下来,就像是一个个小篆字一样,柔糜,缠绵,根本分不清谁是谁。
在这句词中,回肠就是小篆香,小篆香就是回肠,也就是物即情,情即物,情物一体。作者秦少游不是将自己的情感投射到燃尽的香灰上,而是将情感融入到其中,给人以丰富的联想和体验。
这是将情比物,还有将物比情的:自在飞花轻似梦,无边丝雨细如愁。如果说将情比物是为了让情感更直观地表现,那么,将物比情就是直接赋予物以人的情感了,飞花轻似梦,便是物我相融,这里的“我”也就不再是一个独立的我,而是一个能与宇宙自然融而为一的无处不在的“我”。
情不再是人的情,也是物的情,情不再是“我”的情,也是你的情,他的情,这样的抒情也就让情感更具有包容性,共情性,也就更能打动读者。
对于有心之人来说,柴米油盐酱醋茶里皆有深情;对于会表达的人来说,信手拈来,便是情感汪洋,可以漫漶整个世界。
It ______ ______ ______ the train will be late.
答案:is likely that
2. It is likely that the typhoon will sweep across the island.
The typhoon ______ ______ ______ ______ across the island.
答案:is likely to sweep
3. I think trying to stop the couple quarrelling will be of no use.
I think it's ______ ______ ______ to stop the couple quarrelling.
答案:no use trying
4. Every time I was in trouble, he had no hesitation in helping me.
Every time I was in trouble, he came to help me ______ ______.
答案:without hesitation
5. He never hesitates to help if I have any problem.
He always helps me ______ ______ if I have any problem.
答案:without hesitation
6. I crossed the street so as not to meet him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
I crossed the street to ______ ______ him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
答案:avoid seeing
7. It seems that the students in that class have all passed the qualified exam.
All of the students in that class ______ ______ ______ ______ the qualified exam.
答案:seem to have passed
8. It seems that the boys of the class are playing football on the playground.
The boys of the class ______ ______ ______ ______ football on the playground.
答案:seem to be playing
要是说起让我尊敬的一个人,要数那位和蔼可亲的清洁工爷爷。起初,我认为他没什么特别,可是,通过这件事,清洁工爷爷在我心中的形象慢慢变了......
有一天放学回来的路上,可能是前天晚上着凉了,早上一直不舒服,胃里翻江倒海,我拼命忍,怎么忍也没忍住,还没走到家就吐在了小区的马路上,差点连肠子都要吐出来。正当我难受的时候,一个穿着清洁工服装的人,推着一辆臭味扑鼻的垃圾车走过来,他弯下腰看看我,关切的问:“小朋友,你怎么了,哪儿不舒服呀?爷爷来给你帮忙。”这时,一股难闻的味道迎面扑来,更难受了。“没事,不用你管。”我赶紧捂着鼻子,斜着眼睛地瞪了他一眼,心中暗想:哼,脏死啦、臭死啦,赶紧离我远点儿。爷爷可能意识到了什么,没有再上前,只是站在远处担心地看着我。
我吐完以后,人也舒服多了,就慢慢往家走。快到家门口的时候,我下意识的用眼睛的余光扫了一下刚呕吐的地方,只见清洁工爷爷正拿着扫把慢慢地打扫我刚吐出的脏东西。不一会,地面又洁净了,丝毫看不出有人吐过的痕迹。我见了很感动,并对他产生了强烈的好奇心,从那以后我就悄悄地关注他。
半年多时间过去了,无论刮风下雨,他都会准时出现在小区里清理运送垃圾。他除了做好份内事,还不厌其烦地向人们宣传要保护环境,对被毁坏的草地及时采取补救措施。为了美化小区环境,他还经常发动小朋友一起种花种树。当有人遇到困难的时候,他总会不计报酬,热情帮助。我被爷爷这种默默无闻、无私奉献的精神所感动。他是一个社会责任感强的人,他是一个爱岗敬业的人,他是一个乐善好施的人。他是一个多么令我尊敬的人啊!
按要求改写句子知识点梳理
一、概述
按要求改写句子主要考查学生对句子结构的掌握以及用不同句型表达同一意思的能力。考查所涉及到的句子类型有一般疑问句、否定句、反意疑问句、选择疑问句、对划线部分提问、感叹句、保持原句意思、合并成一句、简单句和复合句之间的互换以及改为被动语态等。
二、解题时需注意的几个要点
1、时态:不同的时态相对应的助动词
一般现在时:谓语动词用原形(主语为第三人称单数时,动词加s或es,变否定句、疑问句时助动词为do或does)
一般过去时:谓语动词用过去式,变否定句、疑问句时助动词为did.
现在完成时:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
过去完成时:助动词had+动词的过去分词
一般将来时:will/be going to +动词原形
过去将来时:would/was or were going to +动词原形
现在进行时:am/is/are+动词的现在分词
过去进行时:was/were+动词的现在分词
2、语态:主动语态变为被动语态的谓语结构
一般现在时:am/is/are+动词的过去分词
一般过去时:was/were+动词的过去分词
一般将来时:will be+动词的过去分词
情态动词:can/may/must/need等情态动词+be++动词的过去分词
3、改反意疑问句时注意hardly, never, seldom, few, little, no等词表达的是否定意义,变反意疑问句时用肯定形式。
4、在合并句子时,有些连词如not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…是就近原则,连接两个主语时动词形式取决于与动词邻近的主语。而both…and…连接两个主语时,主语是复数。
5、简单句和复合句之间的互换常见的有:带有疑问词的宾语从句改为特殊疑问词+to+动词原形的不定式;结果状语从句so…that…改为enough to或too…to…的简单句。
6、保持原句意思改写句子时注意时态不变。
三、习题
练习一
1. We do our homework every evening. (改为否定句)
We _________ ________ our homework every evening. 对划线部分提问
________ ________ do they have a class meeting?
3. She could hardly understand this passage. (改为反意疑问句
She could hardly understand this passage, _________ __________?
4.The manager told him how to get useful information. (改为否定句
The manager _________ _________ him how to get useful information.
5. Tom’s sister can speak English and Japanese very well. (改为反意疑问句
Tom’s sister can speak English and Japanese very well, _________ _________?
对划线部分提问
_________ _________ he live twenty years ago?
7. Sam does some cleaning in the morning. (改为否定句
Sam _________ do _________ cleaning in the morning.
对划线部分提问
_________ _________ have the students worked on the survey?
9. Your father used to ride a bike. (改成反意问句)
Your father used to ride a bike, _______ ________? (对划线提问)
__________ ___________ the population of Germany?
11. Mr. Wang washes his car once a month. (改为一般疑问句)
Mr. Wang (对划线部分提问
will Susan come back from Athens?
13. My friends lost their way when they were traveling in Hong Kong. (改为一般疑问句
________ your friends ________ their way when they were traveling in Hong Kong?
14. 对划线部分提问
________ ________ has Yao Ming been in the Rocket Team?
15. She put the digital camera on the bed just now. (改为否定句
She _________ _________ the digital camera on the bed just now.
16. Mark's flown to Hainan Island for winter holidays. (改为反意疑问句
Mark's flown to Hainan Island for winter holidays, _________ _________?
(专辑. (划线部分提问
_________ did Super Girl Zhou Bichang _________ to Vienna?
18. I’ve already saved enough money to buy a new car. (改为否定句
I ________ saved enough money to buy a car ________.
19. Lily used to have long straight hair. (改为反意疑问句
Lily used to have long straight hair, ________ ________?
20. He has already been there .(改为一般疑问句
__________ he been there __________?
21.They decided that they wouldn't have the picnic because of the bad weather. (改为简单句
They decided __________ _________ have the picnic because of the bad
weather.
22. The English people hardly ever shake hands between the strangers .( 改为反意疑问句
The English people hardly ever shake hands between the strangers, __________ __________?
23. They grew some sunflowers in their garden last year.(改为否定句)
They __________ __________ any sunflowers in their garden last year.
24. Jane drinks milk every morning.(改为一般疑问句)
_________ Jane ___________ milk every morning? (就划线部分提问)
___________ map ___________ to Class 4?
26. You can choose only one of the two: a mini-TV or a DVD player. (改为选择疑问句
you want a mini-TV a DVD player?
27. That detective film is so amazing. (改为感叹句)
___________ ___________ amazing detective film!
28. He has some money left.(改成否定句)
He money left.
29. (划线部分提问)
do the members of the film society meet?
30. His mother knew why the little boy was unhappy all day. (改为一般疑问句
_______ his mother _______ why the boy was unhappy all day?
31. He looks very funny with that hat on. (改为感叹句
_______ _______ he looks with that hat on!. 对划线部分提问
_______ _______ they build this factory?
33. I have already finished the test paper.(改为否定句)
I ________ finished the test paper ________.
34. Johnson denied cheating in the competition.(改为反意疑问句)
Johnson denied cheating in the competition, ________ ________? (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the story need to be funny?
36. Sam does some cleaning in the morning. (改为否定句
Sam _________ do _________ cleaning in the morning.
对划线部分提问 _________ _________ have the students worked on the survey?
38. (对划线部分提问) _________ _________ has he been a top fashion designer?
39. 对划线部分提问
________ ________ will they move into the new school?
40. to go to the People’s Square by underground. (对划线部分提问
________ _______ did it take you to go to the People’s Square by underground?
练习二:
1. Gold is less valuable than diamond. (保持句意不变
Gold is ________ ________ valuable as diamond.
2. He told the children to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish. (改为被动语态 The children ________ ________ to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish.
3. Unless I have a quiet room, I cannot do any work. (保持句意不变)
I cannot do any work ________ I _________ have a quiet room.
4. The manager arrived here a few minutes ago. (保持句意不变)
The manager has _________here ________ a few minutes.
5. They will send him to work in Japan for one year. (改为被动语态
He will ________ _________ to work in Japan for one year.
6. The words on the notice board are very small. I can’t see them clearly.(保持句子原意
The words on the notice board are small I can’t see them
clearly.
7. We can solve the problems with the help of the teacher. (改为被动语态 The problems can _________ _________ with the help of the teacher.
8. We can’t finish the work in such a short time. (保持原句意思
It’s _________ _________ us to finish the work in such a short time.
9. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs.(分贝(改成被动语态)
The noise must ________ _______ under 50 dbs here.
10. Mike doesn’t like classical music. Billy doesn’t either. (合并成一句) _________ Mike nor Billy __________ classical music.
11. The room is so dirty that we can’t live in it.(保持句意不变)
The room isn’t __________ _________ for us to live in.
12. No one knows when we will start tomorrow. (保持原句意思)
No one knows start tomorrow.
13. The Smiths will invite the professor to take part in the party. (改成被动语态 to take part in the party by the Smiths.
14. If you are not brave, you’ll lose your last chance.(保持原句意思)
you are ’ll lose your last chance.
15. They store much information in the computer. (改成被动语态
Much information ________ ________ in the computer.
16. Don’t throw rubbish here and there. Our teacher said to us. (合并为一句
Our teacher told us ________ ________ throw rubbish here and there.
17. If John doesn’t apologize for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.
(保持原句意思)
_______ John _______ for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.
18. I don't know where we can grow vegetables in the city. (改为简单句 I don't know _________ _________ grow vegetables in the city.
19. People used to enjoy themselves chatting on MSN when it worked well. (保持句意基本不变
People used to _________ a lot of _________ chatting on MSN when it worked well.
20. If you don’t improve your handwriting, you will lose marks in the exam. (合成同义句
You will lose marks in the exam ________ you ________ your handwriting.
21. To go fishing is fun. (句意不变 )
_____ is fun _____ ______ fishing.
22. Dick was so short that he couldn’t touch the top of the bookshelf.(保持句意基本不变)
Dick wasn’t __________ __________ to reach the top of the bookshelf.
23. “Can I borrow your bike for a while or not?”( 保持句意基本不变)
Tom asked his sister __________ he __________ borrow her bike or not for a while.
24. The couple couldn’t decide which flat they should choose at first. (保持原句意
思)
The couple couldn’t decide which flat at first.
25. Meaningless information is difficult for the little boy to remember. (保持原句意思)
is difficult for the little boy remember meaningless information.
26. People throw away millions of plastic bags in our city every day. (改成被动语态)
Millions of plastic bags away in our city.
27. She was so careless that she couldn’t find the mistakes in her test paper. (保持句意基本不变
She was _______ _______ to find the mistakes in her test paper.
28. We will hold the next Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.(改为被动语态)
The next Olympic Games will _______ _______ in Beijing in 2008.
29. The elderly man pushed the birds into the river.(改为被动语态)
The birds ________ ________ into the river by the elderly man.
30. Dolphins are so clever that they can follow the instructions.(保持句意基本不变) Dolphins are ________ ________ to follow the instructions.
31. We can’t finish the work in such a short time. (保持原句意思
It’s _________ _________ us to finish the work in such a short time.
32. They invited the astronaut and his wife to the party on Christmas Eve.(改为被动语态
The astronaut and his wife _________ _________ to the party on Christmas Eve.
33. The little girl didn’t go to bed unless the grandmother told her a story. (保持句意基本不变
The little girl didn’t go to bed _________ the grandmother _________ tell her a story.
34. The plane is so big that it can carry 300 passengers at one time. (改为简单句)
The plane is big _________ _________ carry 300 passengers at one time.
35. Did they know the answer to the question? Ididn’t know… (合并为一句 I didn’t know ________ they had ________ the answer to the question.
Keys
练习一
1. don’t do 2. How often 3.could she 4.didn’t tell 5.can’t she
6.where did 7.doesn’t any 8.How long 9.didn’t he 10.What is
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