景点作文构思框架示例图

景点作文构思框架示例图

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景点作文构思框架示例图

景点作文构思框架示例图【一】

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

景点作文构思框架示例图【二】

        1、思维聚散法写作的过程,说到底是一个思维的发散与聚全的过程。所谓思维聚散法,就是指思维的辐射和思维的聚合。 思维的辐射,是创造性思维的一种。刘勰在《文心雕龙·深思》中说的:“夫神思方运,万途竟萌,规矩虚位,刻镂无形。……”《神思》这段话,非常形象和生动地反映了思维的辐射。所谓:“迈途竟萌”就是说在构思时,速度要快,要思如泉涌,要把头脑中所贮存的信息全部挖出来,暂不考虑是否全部运用到文章中去,以免干扰思维的流畅性。所谓“规矩虚位,刻镂无形”就是说要充分使思维“发散”开去,把所有的信息全部调集到面前,达到各种信息都任调谴、安排的境地。可见,思维辐射就是各种信息都围绕一个中心,从头脑中尽可能地快速广泛地挖掘信息的方法。在写作过程中,发散思维有利于开拓思路,使作者不拘于眼前的具体事物,能在更大的范围内、更广阔的背景上保持事物与事物的联系,从而为写也立意新颖、境界开阔的文章打好基础。思维的聚合,是从不同的信息源上起始,向一个中心聚合,即思维主体把从不同渠道得到的信息聚合起来,重新加以组织,像车辐集中于车毂一样。思维聚合,就是以某个思维对象为中心,从不同的方向和不同的角度将思维指向这个中心点。也就是要求写作者将大量、丰富的信息加以集中考虑。聚集在一点,成为文章的中心思想。这种方法的特点是大量信息像辐射一样向中心聚集。……思维集中法要求在较短时间内,得出一个中心,这是一种理性的抽象思维,需要先概括出每一个信息源的中心意思,再看这些中心意思是否与文章的中心相关或一致。为什么运用思维集中法对信息提炼和加工是最快、最有效的方法呢?因为它不是死板的机械的思维方法,不是有条不紊地把大脑中的信息源逐一分析、比较,然后决定取舍,再从初步选定的信息源中概括、综合、提炼。它是由思维的深刻性和决定性来主导,将思维的闪光点一下子集中起来,聚成一个极亮的光点,使文章的主旨和选取和信息几乎同时得到解决的思考方法。思维发散与思维聚合在思维过程中常是一对配合默契的“伙伴”,它们常常是互相促进、互相沟通、互相补充的。因此,思维发散要与思维集中结合运用相辅相成。在写作过程中,光靠发散思维是不够的,因为一味发散不知收缩必然导致四面出兵,兵力分散的局面。当很多的思想点一旦纷至沓来之后,必须即刻进行“集中”,以使作者的思考力集中在一个方向上进行突破,从而使构思得以深化。思维的发散和集中,还适用于立意后的选材。……选材时的发散与集中,当然应首先是着眼于生活和社会之中,其次也可从自己所写过的中“觅宝”。分析自己写和的得失,同时熟悉了已占有的材料,这种“温故而知新”的做法,对写好考场的“快速作文”大有裨益。训练题目:《习惯》《想起了关羽》《谈“美”》

        2、多角度立意法辐射思维(发散思维)在写作过程中体现为多角度立意。一个角度体现为思维的一个出发点,就是指反映客观事物基本特征的某个侧面,也就是看问题的着眼点。任何一个事物,就其特征来说,往往是立体感的,多侧面的。“横看成林侧成峰,远近高低各不同”,苏轼的这两句诗,精辟地道出了每个客观事物都具有多侧面(多角度)的固定特性。发散思维有助于从某一事物不同的角度去描写事件,说明事理,发表观点,这正如一面多棱镜,可以折射出不同的折光来。训练题目:《生活是写作的老师》《功夫在文外》《谈人才》

        3、思维求异法 所谓“思维求异法”,就是关注现象之间的差异,暴露已知与未知之间的矛盾,提示现象与本质之间的差别的一种思维,即多方向、多角度、多起点、多层次、多原则、多结果地思考问题,并在多种思维的比较中,选择富有创造性的、最能有效地表达造就思维的思路。在写作上,清代刘熙载在《世概·诗概》中提出的“写反面”,鲁迅于诗中常用的“活剥”术,现代作家赞赏的“反弹琵琶”法,都属于“求异思维”的范畴。“求异”的特征,一般而言,一是对人们认为是完美无缺的定持怀疑的态度;二是能打破思维的程序。其具体表现为:“富有独创性——思路不落俗套,善于标新立异、独辟路径;富于多向性——思路宽阔辐射,善于多方求索,别具一格;富于灵活性——思路活泼多变、善于联想推导,随机应变。”这里所说的“求异”思维,裨上是创造性思维。常见的有纵向求异、横向求异、逆向求异和多向求异等几种形式。按照事物发展的规律,由表及里,由现象到本质,由历史到未来,不断揭露事物的矛盾,对一些旧的传统和旧的观念,随着时代的变迁和人们认识的深化,常常能从中求出新意,这点与之相似的相关的他现象或他事物,经过比较和联想,产生新的思路,进行新的创造,这种思维发现某人们不知道和彼此相似的东西,并把该事物的特征转嫁于另一事物,从而产生新的飞跃。了解了这一点,平时在写作练习中,便可以抓住不同事物之间的联系,深入发掘,展开联想,写出内容丰富,观点新颖的文章。在快速构思中,这是一种巧妙和但有风险的方法。“求异”思维即有意识地脱离习惯的思维轨道,向不同的思维方向发展。譬如,某商品很有特色,求异思维者却偏说它没有特色。某事物很有吸引力,没有人理睬。这种方法构思出的文章往往很有特点,会出现意想不到的效果。这主要在于利用人们普遍存在的一种逆反心理。逆反心理是一般人共有的心理状态,譬如,越是禁映的影片,人们越是想看;明知吃河豚危险,想尝试的仍然不乏其人。训练题目:《也说“难道糊涂”》《为骄傲正名》《言者未必无罪》

        4、联想运思法所谓“联想运思法”,就是根据事物的内在联系和外部特征,由一个事物联想到另一个事物,或两个以上的事物,并将他们有机地组合成一体,建立某种关系的运思过程。联想运思在写作过程中经常用到,它是从事写作的一种不可或缺,极为重要的能力。联想主要是以表象为基础的,因此也称为“表象组合”。所谓表象,就是人脑记忆中保持的客观事物的形象,它直接反映客观事物的形貌。由于事物的联系主要有纵向联系、横向联系等,所以联想的具体方法主要包括纵向联想法和横向联想法。纵向联想法,主要依照事物的产生、发展、结局的各个历史过程中各个阶段的顺序进行联想。运用“联想运思法”构思文章,有助于了解事物发展的脉络,提示事物的本质及其发展规律的基础。同时,了解事物的过去,也便于掌握它的现在,预测它的将来。横向联想法是从一种事物推及到其差不多同时存在的另一些事物的联想方法。横向联想法主要包括相似联想和反向联想两种,人们常用的\'信念是相似联想法。训练题目:《从_____说开去》《_____联想》《从_____谈起》             5、劈柴法“劈柴法”,是一种形象的说法,它是指在述时要有丰富的层次。古人在文章写作时,要求一篇文章做到“博而能一,一而多能”,就是说主题要集中、专一,层次要多、要丰富。复旦大学系博士生导师俞吾金在谈到训练辩队队员快速反映时,曾采取一种“劈柴法”,即对无什么题,都要劈成几个层次进行阐述,这实际上就是所谓的分析。“析”者,“剖木也”,经剖析的几个层次,或并列,或递进,或正反,或转折,几层意思合起来,把要述的观点说得明明白白。例如《机遇》,一般考生往往只写一个层次:“机遇对于每个人来说都是公平的,要努力学习迎接机遇”,这样的文章显得既肤浅又单薄,证在一个层面上,文章写得再漂亮,也难得高分。但有的考生则对题目进行了多层次的分析。比如,机遇需要人的主观努力去抓,这是一个层面;能否抓住关键在于是否有“准备”,在于自身素质,这又是一个层面;每个人的机遇因环境条件不同而有别,这是一个层面;什么样的素质,就有什么样的机遇,素质越高,机遇越多,这又是一个层面。大的层面中还可以有小的层次,比喻证是一个层次,举例证也是一个层次,因果分析又是一个层次。文章内容丰富,多而不乱才见其思维的条理性、丰富性和深刻性。训练题目:《父辈的追求》《读书主要靠自己》《要学会关心别人》         6、模式定位法模式,是一种“反复出现的,以一定格式排列的事物”,是“以特定方式组合的有规律的系统”。得意雯,模式就是篇文章的大轮廓,就是文章层次与层次与层次的组合关系。议文的写作有一定的规律可循。它的结构方式大致有总分式、对照式、层进式、并列式等,其实这就是一定的模式。议文写作只是要掌握了它的基本模式,写作速度就大大加快了。下面介绍议文构思的几种常见的模式定位方法。

     (1)横式结构的模式定位横式结构,也叫基本式,或并列式。它包括总分式、对照式和并列式。这种基本式结构的文章在本部分的几个层次段落之间关系是平行的,这种平行,既可以是分点之间的并列,也可以是材料之间的并列,总之是横向的扩展,是从中心向四周多侧面的扩散和辐射,以此拉开认识的半径,分门别类地扩大思考的范围。横式结构的结构的模式定位一般由厂部分组成:第一,提出点或概括材料;第二,列据证明;第三,归纳析理。训练题目:《要学会用智》《学习的敌人是自己的满足》

     (2)纵式结构的模式定位纵式结构,又称层进式(层递式),这种结构的各个部分之间的关系是层层递进的,就是本部分的关系或是因与果的关系,或是现象与本质的关系。纵式结构的议文一般都按照“是什么——为什么——怎么样”的思路顺序安排层次。所以,快速写作议文时,就要把握住这样的结构顺序构思成文。训练题目:《嫉妒之心不可有》《要做老实人》

      (3)“引提议结”模式定位“引提议结”模式定位常用于材料作文中的。读后感是一种在阅读原文,领会原文主旨的基础上,提炼出观点,然后展开述、发表感想的文章。所谓“引”(或称“叙”),即用概括、简洁的语言引述原文;所谓“提”,即在原文中提炼出中心点,作为全文“感”的中心;所谓“议”(或称“联”),就是联系原文,联系现实进行分析议;所谓“结”,就是结,或全文,或展望未来,发出号召。

景点作文构思框架示例图【三】

景点作文构思框架示例图【四】

即全文没有贯穿到底的中心事件,而是以主要人物的活动或品质为主线,组织典型而各有侧重的情节,统一服务于中心。这种结构避免了行文的旁逸斜出,使文章重点突出。魏巍《我的老师》分写七件小事:假发怒、教跳舞、观蜜蜂、教读诗、依恋师、化纠纷、梦寻师,皆由热爱、感激、思念老师这条感情线索贯穿起来,从而使文章具有较强的感染力。

景点作文构思框架示例图【五】

如果把文章比作人体,那么就必须有血脉神经贯穿全身,才能把心脏里的血液输送到身体的所有细胞,把大脑的指令传达到身体的各个部分。只有这样,人才能成为一个有机的\'整体。彩线所起到的作用就是这种联系文章各个部分,使之成为有机整体的作用。一篇文章,总有一条贯串全文的主线。写作者只要找准这根“线”,然后就可以很快地珠子串起来,形成一篇井然有序的文章。快速构思的关键就是要在短时间内声带朝气蓬勃准这根彩线。

我们在写作构思的时候,如果能把那些看似互不关联的材料有机地结合在一起,结合到表达主题的总渠中来,这不失为一种快速构思的好方法。“彩线穿珠”的构思方法在高考作文中也十分管用。

训练题目:《幸福的童年》《伞》《故乡,那一片绿》

景点作文构思框架示例图【六】

(1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

(2)利弊型的`议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目

______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____ 缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a

number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

(4) 谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.

Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

(2)利弊型的议论文

目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题

_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题

into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.

( 3 答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern

( 4 谚语警句性议论文

语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically

______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语

_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

★★★图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to

show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned,

I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

景点作文构思框架示例图【七】

文章以关键语句反复扣题,显得内容紧凑、中心突出。《谁是最可爱的人》有这样三个板块扣题:一是开头,在抒写自己在朝鲜的感受后,以“我们的战士,我感到他们是最可爱的人”扣题;二是主体,在展示了三个典型事例后,分别以“你不觉得我们的战士是可爱的吗”“你不觉得我们的战士是最可爱的人吗”“你们已经可以了解我们的战士是怎样一种人”扣题;三是结尾,在号召人们热爱战士后,以“他们确实是我们最可爱的人”扣题。以上扣题句将“战士”与“谁是最可爱的人”联系起来,反复出现,强化了人们的认识。

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