1.审清题意,理解所要写作的书信是何种类型,收信人是什么身份,应采用什么语气和格式来完成写作。
2.罗列词汇,根据提示,将可能用到的词汇、短语、句型搜集整理。
3.串句成篇,适当添加连接词和过渡词,必要时增加相关细节以使行文连贯。
4.检查润色。
(一)改写一般疑问句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,将be动词提前,其他顺序不变。
例如:Thisisacat.变为Isthisacat?
(2)原句中有情态动词的(can/may/shall/would)将情态动词提前,其他顺序不变。例如:Hewouldlikeapie.变为Wouldhelikeapie?
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在句首加助动词do或dose(用于主语是第三人称动词单数的句子),其他顺序不变。例如:Iplaytheguitar.变为Doyouplaytheguitar.
(4)原句中的some变any。
注:以情态动词开头的一般疑问句,并且要求对方做肯定回答的`some不变。
(5)原句中的第一人称改为第二人称。例如:Iamanurse.变为Areyouanurse?
(6)以dose开头的一般疑问句,原来动词的第三人称单数形式要变回原形。例如:Hereadsastorybook.变为Dosehereadastorybook?
(二)改写否定句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,直接在be动词后面加not。例如:Itisadog.→It’snotadog./Itisn’tadog.
(2)原句中有情态动词的,直接在情态动词后加not。
例如:Iwouldlikeahotdog.→Iwouldnotlikeahotdog.
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在一般动词前加don’t或doesn’t(用于主语是第三人称单数的句子),doesn’t后面用原型。例如:Iseethreehamburgers.→Idon’tseethreehamburgers.
原句中的some变any例如:Ihavesomebreadan
dmilk.→Idon’thaveanybreadandmilk.
(4)以let开头的祈使句,如果是letus或letme,直接在其后加not;如果let后面其他人称代词宾格(you、him、her、them、it)就在let后面加助动词don’t。例如:Letusgotothepark.→Letusnotgotothepark.再如:Letthemdohomework.→Don’tletthemdohomework.
(三)对划线部分提问:
对划线部分提问,就是先把一个陈述句的划线部分去掉,然后变为一个特殊疑问句:一是特殊疑问句+一般疑问句;
二是特殊疑问句+陈述句(对主语或主语的定语提问,therebe结构除外)
⑴划线部分是人,用who提问。
⑴划线部分是主语,用who提问,who后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:Whois;Wholikes;Whohas?
方法:who+原句的剩余部分
例如:①HelenandMikearelisteningtomusic.
→Whoislisteningtomusic?
②Ihavesomemodelplanes.
→Whohasanymodelplanes?
⑵划线部分是表语,用who提问。
方法:Who+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
⑵划线部分是事或者物,用what提问。
方法:what+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式。
注:如果原句是therebe句型,直接用What’s+地点状语来提问。例如:①Wewouldliketobuysomethingsforaparty.
→Whatwouldyouliketobuyforaparty?
②Therearealotofcakesintheplate.
→Whatisintheplate?
⑶划线部分是物主代词或名词所有格,用Whose提问。
方法:⑴划线部分是主语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分
例如:Ourclassroomisbright.
→Whoseclassroomisbright?
⑵划线部分是表语或表语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:①ThewomanisSuYang’steacher.
→Whoseteacheristhewoman?
注:对某部分的定语提问,被修饰的部分跟随特殊疑问句往前提②ThispurseisYangLing’s.
→Whosepurseisthis?
⑷划线部分是地点,用where提问。
方法:where+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:TheyarehamingaMathslessonintheclassroom..
→WherearetheyhavingaMathslesson?
⑸划线部分是“多少”,用howmany或howmuch提问。
方法:⑴句中是可数名词的用Howmany+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Therearefifteentreesintheplayground.
→Howmanytreesarethereintheplayground?
⑵句中是不可数名词的用Howmuch+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Ihaveaglassofjuiceforbreakfast.
→Howmuchjuicedoyouhaveforbreakfast?
⑹划线部分是时间,用when或whattime(具体的几时几分)提问。方法:⑴when+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:SuYangandSuHaiareathomeonSundaymorning.
→WhenareSuYangandSuHaiathome?
⑵问具体的时间直接用Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?问
例如:It’sthreeforty-five.
→Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?
放寒假了,妈妈去书店给我买了一本《太空旅行记》,读完这本书,让我懂了很多关于太空的知识。
这本书告诉我,星际是由很多星体组成的。太阳系包括地球、水星、火星、木星、土星、金星、天王星、海王星、冥王星,人们通过望远镜、太空飞船来认识太空。地球上有人类住着,其他星球上也有太空生物出现,脚像一个滑雪板一样的火星人,水星人有五层楼那么高,要想和金星人交朋友可以给它们一些冰淇淋,还有其它星球上也有很多不一样的外星人,书的最后还讲了进入外太空的事,人们乘坐太空飞船来探测外太空。
所以,我认为这确实是一本好书,有兴趣的同学还真要好好看看,看了这本书一定会让你对太空产生很大的兴趣。现在我要好好,长大以后也可以去探测外太空。
John can hardly understand Russian, ______ ______?
2. Tom said to Alice, Can you help me with the work? (宾语从句
Tom asked Alice _____ she _____ help him with the work.
3. The Red Cross has helped the homeless people in the floods four times since last
year.(划线提问
_____ _____ times has the Red Cross helped the homeless people in the floods since last year?
4. Tom didnt watch TV that evening. He listened to music. (句意不变
Tom listened to music ______ ______ watching TV that evening.
5. Will you go home tomorrow? the mother asked her son. (保持句意不变
The mother asked her son ________ he ________go home the next day.
6. They will move into the new school in a month. (对划线部分提问
________ ________ will they move into the new school?
7. Mr. Smith wanted to know where he could get the information. (保持句意不变
Mr. Smith wanted to know ________ ________ get the information.
8. You can do it in class. You can also do it at home. (保持句意不变
You can do it ________ in class ________ at home.
这次我从学校借出来看的书绝大部分便是可怕的科学这一种书了,而其中鹤立鸡群,脱颖而出的就是我最喜爱的太空旅行记了。
要说为什么放着那么多好看的书不喜欢,而非要喜欢看这个呢,原因有两点,第一点便是他的知识行了,我可以保证这里的知识性绝对是可以和别的科学书相提并论的,大到一个星系,小到一个小小的星球,绝对都是十分详细地讲述了下来,以及还有关于这些星系各种各样的人文故事,以及这些人平生的实际,当然在这些都是科学的严谨性,是必不可少的,但这些也是所有书都有的,可接下来的第二点可就独一无二了。大家都知道这个太阳系只有地球有生物,但这本书却根据了科学和星球上不同的生物,假象出了别的星球生物的样子,以及各种习性,你听过几层楼高的水星人,跳着走路的金星人,骑着袋鼠跳来跳去的月球人,脚和滑雪板一样的火星人吗,以及其他的等等,总之太阳系所有的星球都被赋予了的存在。
所以这确实是一本好书,有兴趣的人还真可以好好看看。
今天,我读完了《太空旅行记》这本书,书中讲的是太空中一些不为人知的秘密,再看这本书的时候,请做好充分的心理准备,因为这本书中的内容会令你目瞪口呆,当然,如果这只是编出来的故事,那倒不算什么,但这些故事可都是千真万确的。
当你抬头仰望星空的时候,脑袋里也许会思考一些问题。满天的星星事呢么不可企及,那星星后面的黑暗区域又是怎么回事?星星到底是什么?谁把它们放到哪里去的?它们距离我们有多远?而最使我们浮想联翩的问题就是,哪里真的有生命存在吗?
即使是聪明绝顶的人,也只能猜测这些问题的答案。但是,这本书可以把你带到那些地方,让你自己去寻找答案。当然,这本书不仅仅是好玩,而且还在你不知不觉是传授给你了天文知识,让你彻彻底底的明白星系、宇宙、太阳、小行星和木星等星星。
书中第一个讲到的是水星,水星的表面是许多坚固的岩石和火山是构成,重力非常微弱,比地球的一半还小,压力几乎没有,温度在零下180度至零上430度之间大幅度变化,除此之外,海洋当心来自太阳的强烈辐射。
而第二个是金星,金星的表面有大岩石和环形山构成,重力和地球差不多,压力非常强大——几乎超过地球的100倍(如果你想接近金星表面,千万别离开航天器,否则巨大的压力会把你挤成果冻),温度全部为零上495度(小心被溶化!),没有辐射,风力没有,但酸云层风速可达360公里/小时。之后还陆续讲了天王星、火星、月球、土星等行星。
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的\'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
“等一下,别丢下我!”宇航员在太空中不停地大喊着,可是太空中没有空气无法传播声音,他只能在那里大喊大叫而发不出一点儿声音,漂在那里干着急,谁让他不小心把绳索搞断了呢!这是《太空旅行记》中的一个片段。
这本《太空旅行记》是一本非常有“个性”的书,是我寒假里自己到书店里选的,我非常喜欢。书中有很多的太空知识,以非常有趣的方式为我们介绍了星系、占星说、八大行星等太空知识。但是我觉得最能突出它“个性”的就是书中生动有趣的语言,每一句话都能调动起我的好奇心,我一口气把这本书通读了几遍,依然让我对这本书爱不释手。因为他让我学到了许多在课本上学不到的知识,我还兴致勃勃的讲给弟弟和妹妹听。
书中介绍,我们地球所在的星系叫做太阳系,其中有一颗巨大的恒星,它每时每刻都在猛烈的燃烧着,同时发出光和热。我想大家应该已经猜到了,没错他就是——太阳。还有八大行星:水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星,他们的自转方向多数和公转方向一致,只有金星和天王星两个例外。金星自转方向与公转相反;而天王星是在轨道上横滚的。曾经被认为是“九大行星之一”的冥王星,后来被定义为矮行星。在这个茫茫无垠的星海之中,几乎每一颗“运动的石头”都在以1000000千米左右的时速飞行着,就连我们也在以970081千米的时速绕着太阳飞行。所以我在阅读这本书的时候告诉自己:“你一定要抓好坐稳哦!”
读完这本书以后,我合上书本,咽了一口口水,好像要把所有的知识都吞下去。我闭上眼睛,仔细回味那些我觉得有趣的片段,总会不由自主的笑出声来,感觉非常的愉悦。书中的内容让我如痴如醉,像磁石一般吸引着我的眼球。因此,我计划把《可怕的科学》系列丛书全都读个遍。那样我就可以成为科学的学霸了!但是我不会骄傲的,因为每个有真才实学的人都像一口井,知识就像丼里的水源源不断。书中所描述的浩瀚的宇宙难道不是这样的吗?充满着未知的广阔宇宙,一定还藏着很多秘密等着人类去发现呢!
我要好好学习,多读好书,让自己的知识更加的丰富。长大后我要亲自去探索美丽而又神秘的宇宙。作家季羡林曾经说过:“中西贯通、古今贯通、文理贯通,三贯通才是二十一世纪的优秀青少年”,我也要做一名三贯通的优秀青少年。虽然那个黑蓝色、星光闪耀的浩瀚宇宙有着探索不尽的秘密,但是总有一天我会把人类的文明传播到每个行星、每个星系,让人类的`文明发扬光大。
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