在素描绘画当中,最关键的当然是结构。
现实中很多画家,由于对人物或物体结构缺乏了解,最后只能走形式的路子,在创作中很难拿出具有深度的力作。虽然我们已经有了方便的照相机(现在都使用数码相机)和扫描仪,可以在电脑中处理图形,能够省却很多造型的麻烦,但是,形是形,结构是结构,并不是一个概念。对绘画的过程而言,形是附着在结构之上的表象,而结构才是对象的支撑;外在形的轮廓无法真正表现对象的内在美。
我们所观察到的对象的外形,那是一种表象,一种轮廓。当对象一旦变换位置,而我们又缺乏对结构的了解,就很难着手。在初学阶段,几乎每个人都经历了利用稳定的三角形来确定形体的大体位置和构图,然后再用小的虚拟的三角形、方形等分解被画对象局部的位置,这样的方法最后只能是比葫芦画瓢,照相般描绘对象。
就像我们已经走过了充饥的年代一样,我们已经走过了缺图的年代,正跨入一个读图的时代。各种图形、图像、图库层出不穷,再用照相的方法——抄照片去再现对象,倒不如干脆去搞摄影算了,那我们还不如照相机来得客观。对画家来说,最难以接受的便是被人夸奖为:看画得多好,像照片一样。也就是说,那些个作品没有强烈、强调和更深层次的东西,缺少画家对形体结构的理解和对对象的内涵表现的创意,这又怎么能算得上绘画的艺术作品呢?
艺术的真实,并不是纯客观的真实,而是画家通过自己的感官和手,表现画家内心的感受的一种艺术的真实——去粗取精、去伪存真、由此及彼、由表及里的刻画与刻划。
《名人传》由法国著名作家罗曼·罗兰的《贝多芬传》、《米开朗琪罗传》和《托尔斯泰传》组成,它们均创作于二十世纪初期,无论在当时是在后世都产生了广泛的影响。在这三部传记中,罗曼·罗兰是紧紧把握住这三位拥有各自领域的艺术家的共同之处,着力刻画了他们为追求真善美而长期忍受苦难的心路历程。
书中写了三个世界上赫赫有名的人物。第一个是德国作曲家:贝多芬;另一个是意大利的天才雕刻家:米开朗基罗;最后一个是俄罗斯名作家:托尔斯泰。
在这本《名人传》中最令我感动的就是贝多芬的故事。贝多芬是个音乐天才,他的天分很早就被他的父亲发现了,不幸的是,贝多芬的父亲并不是一个称职的好父亲,他天天让贝多芬练琴,不顾及他的心情,贝多芬的童年是十分悲惨的,他的母亲在他十六岁时就去世了,他的父亲变成了挥霍的酒鬼。
但是贝多芬没有因此而沉沦,他把自己的全部精力,都投入到了自己所热爱的音乐事业中去了。当他沉醉在音乐给他带来的幸福当中时,不幸的事情又发生了:他的耳朵聋了。对于一个音乐家而言,最重要的莫过于耳朵,而像贝多芬这样以音乐为生的大音乐家,却聋了耳朵,这个打击是常人所接受不了的。
贝多芬的一生是悲惨的,也是多灾多难的,但他为什么还能成功呢?为什么正常人做不到的事,他却能做到呢?这引起了我的深思。我认为,贝多芬之所以成功,是因为它有着超与凡人的毅力和奋斗精神。面对困难,他丝毫无惧。这就是他成功的秘诀。我学会:只要给自己无限的勇气,再可怕的敌人也可以打败。
Dear Family,
You must be greatly surprised when you get this letter, not from anyone else but from your dearest son, since I have never written a letter for ages in such a traditional way. The purpose of my writing is not so much to express my gratitude for bringing me up, as it is to tell you something about my college life.
It has been more than two years since I started my college life and I have adapted myself to the new environment here, even though at the very beginning, I was not quite used to it. My classmates are pretty friendly and they offer to help me whenever need be, which is really precious for me. My teachers tell me the differences between college life and high school life and give me some necessary advice on how to learn in college. Because of their kind-hearted help, I learn to know the importance of cooperation and communications between each other, especially when in Group work.
In the past several months, I have been busy preparing for TEM 4.Therefore, most of the time, I stayed at school and seldom kept in touch with you; I should have been ashamed of this. But now it is completely finished, and I will never do that again. In my spare time, I usually go to play basketball to keep fit since you always ask me to practice more to keep healthy. What is more, I like to go to the English Corner to practice my spoken English in order to improve my oral English level, which is of importance as English major.
Finally, I would like to specially thank you for providing me the best education and experience. Without your support and understanding, it wouldn't be the same. In regard to the future, I will make every effort to study for my degree and make the dreams I had envisioned come true.
Take good care of yourselves as you have asked me to.
Best regards,
Jay
5,3
上述提及的文字都由门铃这一描写点展开,但行文实现了“差别化”,既为结尾的“点睛”议论作铺垫,又与叙事结合推动情节发展,值得我们借鉴。
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