《百年孤独》中的“孤独”能够如此透彻心扉,是因为它未曾在“孤独”的表象上倾注一字,而只是将沉闷的“活着”娓娓道来。
在这个比《红楼梦》还要繁复、难记的家族体系中,“活着”是所有情节发生的唯一齐源。为了寻找活着的可能,为了寻找活着的方式,为了寻找活着的好处……为了活着,一个生存在地球角落的百年家族陷入了无限的疲惫与孤独之中,在茫茫岁月之中上下求索,按照命运的规划忙碌。
搞笑的是,这并不是一个杯具。
书的资料如果除去荒诞奇妙的羊皮卷,除去家庭里不断飘荡又不断思考的魂魄,除去埋于地下的七千二百四十一枚古金币,除去放荡不羁的恋和纵情声色的放纵外,实际上就只是一个家族从开始、到壮大、到完结的故事。如此看,很简单却也很无趣的。里头搞笑的就是那些千奇百怪的孤独形式,还有没有伤感的离亡和没有快乐的出生,当然还有放纵却不觉有违道德的情爱纵欲。
如果还有,就是马孔多变化的历史。从二十一对夫妻披荆斩棘穿越大沼泽之地,试图发现东之大海,却最后绝望地放下梦想驻扎在这片离大海只剩两天路程的不可思议有着西班牙大航舰的着魔丛林之地。然后扎根,繁荣,跟带来飞毯、魔冰、巨人、炼金术的吉普赛人交流,却不明白走两天路去发现一个什么都有的城镇。当然,最完美的阶段就是完全断绝联系的、唯有和吉普赛人交换惊喜的完美村落。但是,乌尔苏拉发现了路带来了商队后,也带来了自由党和保守党的战争,带了铁路,带来的家族的繁荣,也带来的垄断,带来了死亡和压迫,带来过期盼,带来过时髦和迷醉,却不论带来什么都挡不住孤独的滋生和扩散,一如在那个最初的夜晚丽贝卡带来的失眠症一样,让每一个家族的人都没有好受过。
噢,除了那个小仙女一样的智慧的蕾梅黛丝,会一丝不挂的出此刻受惊且痴沦的异乡人面前,会不守繁文缛节地自由自在,会预言偷看洗澡的人随后的死亡,更神奇的是,会带着一床天鹅绒的真丝白被如天使一样地飞走在人们的期望和永远的记忆里。唯一一个不守孤单感传染病的人似乎就只有她,永远带着最亘古的美丽和最高远的智慧离开了这个一开始就不属于她的百年孤独之地爱。
说完了她,说完了这份无法描绘的美丽,这个家族悲哀得只剩下说不尽的孤独。我也在不经意、不情愿之间比对了他们的孤独,也认识了自己的孤独并非无由的作态,也并不无奈的悲哀,始终相形见绌,相形有愧,相比难忘。
但我有理由相信,布恩迪亚家族的每一个成员,甚至马尔克斯本人,都在这个过程中找到了快感,孤独的快感。在二十多万字中,出现最少的,是眼泪;出现最多的,是期望与欢乐。在孤独中,每一个小说中的人物都找到了“活着”所需要的一切,他们不是哲人,不是思想者,却做到了哲人和思想者都难以企及的程度——看透这个世界,并且活下去,直至死去。他们不满足于ròutǐ的存在,而追逐精神独立的快感,追逐一种自身与世界的微妙平衡。对于他们中的每个人而言,世界或许简单之至,或许复杂至极,却都无一例外的是身外之物——这是一群自我存在的生命体,因为存在,所以孤独。
他们远离了故乡,远离了熟悉的一切,远离了属于那个时空的一切常规,选取了一条痛苦却又妙不可言的、只属于自我的生存之路。他们彼此之间不曾有丝毫的理解,更不为外人所明白,却又深深地感悟到了自己生命的要求。
百年之中,每一个家族成员都因“活着”的选取而陷入深深的孤独,却没有一个人因为孤独而痛苦。在孤独中,这些平凡人获得了一种意识的觉醒,一种冥冥之中出现的引力以不同的方式吸引着他们每一个人,走进了这个虚构却又无比真实的世界。血缘的纽带并不是维系家族的脉络,“孤独”才是这个家族唯一的标识。这也许就是《百年孤独》中那些魔幻情节发生的确切答案:一切皆是孤独的快感使然。
所以他们披上了“魔幻”的外衣,选取了常人无法理解的行为,选取了牢牢抓住宿命中的孤独,用孤独的方式去捕捉活着的快感,一种生命中唯一真实的体验。那种莫可名状的***使这些由文字构成的形象在虚幻的情节中真实无比,而马尔克斯之所以会在上校死后伏案哭泣,是因为他才是这孤独家族中仅存的一员。
一个人最纯粹、最强烈的情绪和感受,只会出此刻两个时间段:幼年和老年。前者是序,后者为跋,中间的所谓人生经历,是漫长的验证与积淀,精彩,却不免主观和失实。所以,在老年到来之前,童年的体验将是每个人仅有的“真实”,是相伴一生、塑造一生的灵魂素材。所以,我们的人生不是用粗糙有力的双手建筑的钢筋混凝土结构,而是用稚嫩的手指随意搭起的几块飘摇的积木。在那些积木中,我确信有一块是“孤独”,每个人都有。所以,如果让我推荐一部名著给一个刚刚有自我意识的孩子时,我会推荐这本《百年孤独》。让一个人学会什么都不会有让他学会孤独来得实在和重要,在孤独中获取快感是生存的必备潜力,在孤独中成长是每个人的必经之路。
世界如海洋,吾等如水滴,融入大海之时水滴就已不复存在——我们就已“死去”。所以,孤独的一滴水,才是我们“活着”的形态。如歌所唱,“我们生来就是孤独”“我们是这美丽世界的孤儿”。生来孤独是注定的,而随后活着的岁月中,孤独却不必须是每个人都能拥有的。孤独的快感,大多数时候,是一种奢侈的享受。
我想,这是一种悲哀,一种遗憾。但是也好,有了孤独,似乎才会一如每一代人中始终会有的拿一个深深闭门于梅尔基亚德斯房间潜心研读羊皮卷的孤独者,不致于迷醉于夜夜笙歌的宴会之间,不致于迷惘于左右矛盾上下犹豫的悖论里,不致于陷在自己“臆想”的却也是真实世界而听不到讽刺的笑声和侧视里。
Many people simply regard Pride and Prejudice as a love story, but in my opinion, this book is an illustration of the society at that time. She perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters. The characters have their own personalities. Mrs. Bennet is a woman who makes great efforts to marry off her daughters. Mr. Bingley is a friendly young man, but his friend, Mr. Darcy, is a very proud man who seems to always feel superior. Even the five daughters in Bennet family are very different. Jane is simple, innocent and never speaks evil of others. Elizabeth is a clever girl who always has her own opinion. Mary likes reading classic books. (Actually she is a pedant. Kitty doesn’t have her own opinion but likes to follow her sister, Lydia. Lydia is a girl who follows exotic things, handsome man, and is somehow a little profligate. When I read the book, I can always find the same personalities in the society now. That is why I think this book is indeed the representative of the society in Britain in the 18th century.
The family of gentleman in the countryside is Jane Austen’s favourite topic. But this little topic can reflect big problems. It concludes the stratum situation and economic relationships in Britain in her century. You can find these from the very beginning of this book.
The first sentence in this book is impressive. It reads: “It is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in poss ession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife”. The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession.
People always think that Austen was an expert at telling love stories. In fact, the marriage in her book is not the result of love, but the result of economic needs. After reading this book, I know the truth is that a poor woman must be in need of a husband, a wealthy man.
I couldn’t forget how eager Mrs. Bennet wants to marry off her daughte rs. If you want to know why she is so crazy about these things, I must mention the situation in Britain at that time. Only the eldest son had the privilege of inheriting his father’s possessions. Younger sons and daughters who are used to luxurious lives have no choice but marry a man or woman in possession of a large fortune to continue their comfortable lives. Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to become wealthier, particularly for women without many possessions. Jane Austen told us that money and possession determined everything, including marriage and love in her century.
In “Pride and Prejudice”, the sister of Mr. Bingley strongly opposed his plan of marrying Jane because the Bennets don’t have many possessions and their social positions are much lower than them. From this, we can see there are a lot of obstacles for a not very rich woman to marry a wealthy husband. The society, the relatives would not allow them to get married.
In modern society, although the marriages of economic needs have decreased rapidly, the concept of “money determines everything” is still rooted in some people’s mind. A lot of parents try hard to interfere their children’s marriages. Education background, possessions, jobs remains the main reason that may influence one’s marriage. Marry for money is still a big problem in our
society. We can’t help thinking: can money determine everything?
Austen left this problem for us to think. The genius of Jane Austen lies in this perfect simplicity, the simplicity that reflects big problems. Although Austen was only 21 when she wrote “Pride and Prejudice”, her sharp observation of social lives makes the style of this book surprisingly mature and lively. The plots in her works are always very natural. The development of the plot is as inevitable as a problem in mathematics. I think the depth of Pride and Prejudice is the reason that makes this book prominent and classic. Today, her book still can be the guide telling us the economic relationships both at her time and in modern time.
无怪乎马尔克斯花了那么长时间去写出这本书,它的确与我之前所看过的很多小说都不一样。情节的高度密集造成了表达空间的压缩,因为篇幅摆在那里。
整本书数十万字中的大部分是马不停蹄的快节奏情节发展,而作者的表达并没有刻意地塞进字里行间,而是靠着整个情节的情绪基调的不变来达成。小说中情节的发展一日千里,而整本书的情绪却如一只巨大的木桩钉进了大地一般纹丝不动。作者正是用这种手法来凸现出这种一成不变的情绪,那就是深深的孤独之感,也正是因此我感觉到布恩蒂亚家族百年间数代人的性格核心几乎并没有什么改变。这个家族就像河流中的一块石头,抵挡得了过去,却无法与未来同行。
印象最深刻的一段是第二代人中,何塞·阿尔卡蒂奥的`死。他被不知从何而来的zi弹击中,血液在大地上流淌,穿过了整个马孔多,避开了所有人的眼睛,绕过容易被弄脏的地毯,一直流到正在厨房忙碌的乌尔苏拉面前——乌尔苏拉才是这个家族数代人真正的精神支柱。
何塞·阿尔卡蒂奥是第一个死去的布恩蒂亚,流出来的是孤独之血。火药的硝烟气味久久不散,萦绕在他的房子里,萦绕在他的墓地中,直到很多年后才被香蕉公司用水泥封住。
那一刻,我感觉到了贯穿百年的孤独那彻骨的荒凉。
I don't like them, so deep to sing "one hundred years of solitude". Any book in my here, it is a mirror, led his own at the same time, also means we used to ignore the fact that. I'm thinking, their fate of sorrow. They were so hard perseverance and luster, but there is a so ridiculous and boring life. I had a fear, and fear of my life, to protect my parents, my on the material to meet them, in the spiritual support them.
I also deeply realized that a reality. A person, when there is love and ideals, there will be a lonely. The more we love, more lonely.
Then, this day, for me, although it is the only one year, but it will not perfect. "One hundred years of solitude" boone diaz family each person, they all of life is decided by childhood, a scene in a moment, it has affected their rich and long life. Walked to the end, I could have, but also is the scene of the moment, just at that moment, have without any emotion, as if, the moment has been at his side, and he was the one who has been lost.
I hope I can don't like them, in the process of life, committed to the initial imperfection, has been lost.
Open the heart, embrace the world of good, be a doomed not to complete, but happy people.
This is the birthday of speech. Not happy birthday to myself, but I wish yourself open-minded contentment.
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