中华文明五千年,留下的文字浩如烟海,使得后人目不暇接。多少前辈的文字令我们流连忘返,荡气回肠,于是爱好文学的人,便也耐不住寂寞,想用一只弱笔,来抒发一下对生活的感悟,以及小情绪。
战争年代,文字的作用不亚于战斗武器,伟人的一首《沁园春·雪》,文中的气势与胸怀,很令蒋某人不安,于是召集了十几个文人墨客,想写出一首能超越伟人的文字,最终写出的未免太小家子气,未及伟人的十之一,足以证明,一个能写出令人不安的文字的人,其人格魅力也是无人能及的。
从小就接触鲁迅的文字,读的多了,都感慨他的文字就像一把匕首,直指黑暗势力的喉咙,令敌人窒息。正如他弃医从文的目的,是要以文字的力量来唤醒沉睡的、做梦的、麻木的国人的灵魂,如他所愿,他的`文字,正如他的《药》,给病弱的国人,开了一剂良方。
鲁老师是一个用笔作武器的战士,他的文字如同子弹,射向黑暗的势力,可见文字在白色恐怖下的作用。他的文字正如他的诗云:“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”。
当今时代,人们生活安逸,社会稳定,爱好文学的人,也不必用文字作武器,只需能说一点儿真心话,评论一点儿社会现象,便是值得一读的文字了。
当然人的品味不同,也有喜欢比较诗意,抒发情感的文字,和谐社会,写一点儿吟风颂月、离愁闺怨的文字也情有可原,浅吟低唱、对酒当歌我也向往,对月抒怀,泣极而歌我也有过。
但一篇好的文字,并不是华丽的词句堆砌而成,更不是你读了几篇名家的作品,把其中的好词好句放在自己的文字里。引经据典也无可厚非,总要注明出处,即使不注明出处,双引号总应有吧?不然的话,就像把人家的一件华美的外衣披在了自己的身上,再漂亮,终归不是自己的。
我也犯过此类愚蠢的错误,在一篇文章中我引用了一句“需要的不多,想要的太多”,没有加引号,被人误以为是我自己说的,在听到人家的赞美时,真有点儿无地自容。也下定决心,再引用别人的话,一定要注明出处,或者加上引号,以免让人误解。
往小了说,有偷窃之嫌,往大了说,这是在侵权。纵观古今中外的所有大家,他们的文字,在引用别人的语言时,都是要注明出处的,即使引用古诗词,也都谨慎地加上双引号,足以证明他们治学的严谨态度,以及做人的坦诚。
读钱钟书的文字,在引用别人的话时,连第几章,第几节都注的非常清楚,以便有人去考证,这种做人的态度,是如今的文艺青年,最应该学习借鉴的。
如果一篇文章,大多都是引用别人的文字,却不注明出处,通篇属于自己的,只有几句废话而已,那不是在看书学习,而是在偷。最好还是把名家的文字琢磨、消化好了,变为自己的语言说出来,才是学习,学习不是照搬照抄,如此文章,写得再好也没人看,因你的人品值得怀疑,读者再傻,也不会去追捧一个有偷窃行为的人。
在网络文章里,发现了一种新诗体,说是散文诗吧,却写成了格律诗的形式,说是格律诗又不押韵。我们所学的是白话文,写古体诗当然不及古人,但既要写成格律诗的形式,平仄掌握不好,总应该押韵吧!
没办法,小编只好放在了诗歌一栏里,说是散文诗,却又是五言七言的形式。如同做的夹生饭,粥不像粥,干饭不像干饭,有点儿不伦不类,所以我认为是发现了一种新诗体,算我孤陋寡闻吧!
即使像张打油的诗:“江上一笼统,井上黑窟窿。黄狗身上白,白狗身上肿。”语言虽然直白,却也给人以意境优美,可人家也押韵了,所以说,喜欢诗词的朋友,还是先研究一下古体诗押韵的方法,再写不迟。
总之,文字的表现力,在新的时期,有新的定位,无论怎样,还是应该“掏心掏肺掏肝肠”,不能无病***,更不能胡编乱造。
朋友们认为可好?
本文对边远地区艺术生的英语教育现状进行了总结,并提出了一些提升教学水平的策略,希望对相关的教育工作者有所帮助。
一、准确性。说明文以传授知识为目的,这就要求它必须用准确的语言如实地反映事物的特征、本质、规律。说明文要介绍客观事物,介绍科技知识,“准确”是至关重要的。
1.表示时间、空间、程度范围的词要准确无误,对事物进行的说明要客观。“基本上”“大约”“左右”“在当时”“比较”“大多数”“几乎”“许多”“可能”等词的准确运用,能帮助我们准确地说明事物或事理。准确,就是恰如其分地说明事物的面貌、状态、性质、特点、变化、规律等,不夸大,不缩小,不走样,不遗漏。对待事物考生要有实事求是的科学态度。如达尔文在《〈物种起源〉导言》一文中有这样一句话:“虽然许多事实现在还是不清楚,而且在未来长期内也还弄不清楚,但是我们经过了精细的研究和冷静的判断,可以毫不怀疑地断言创造论的错误。”一方面说明自己否定创造论的科学精神,另一方面又承认还有许多未知事物,这种表述是实事求是的,因而也是准确明白的.。
2.要准确地说明事物,就要正确地运用和解说概念。无论是下定义,还是作解释,都要表达得严密无误。如“图书目录简称书目,是一种记录书名著者出版情况和收藏情况,按照一定的顺序编排,供人们查找的工具书”,这个定义,对书目的性质、内容、编排、用途等本质特征进行了准确的概括,这几项去掉任何一项都不行。如只说书目是一种工具书,它与《辞源》等工具书就没有区别;不说“供人们查找”,就无法与供人们阅读的一般书籍区分了。
3.为了准确地说明事物,考生还要特别注意词句的锤炼和修饰语的恰当运用。如:“我国石拱桥的设计施工有优良传统,建成的桥,用料省,结构巧,强度高。”后面三个排比短语,准确地揭示了我国石拱桥建筑的特征和优点,句式整齐,用词精当。修饰语对说明的对象进行限制,能使事物的特征鲜明地突现出来,使作者的解说更有分寸,合乎实际。
二、条理性。任何事物都具有它本身的条理,考生说明事物就要按照它本身的条理来安排说明顺序,使之眉目清楚,有条不紊。说明文的条理性主要体现在说明的顺序上。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序。
1.时间顺序。即按照事理发展过程的先后来介绍某一事物的说明顺序。凡是事物的发展变化都离不开时间,如说明生产技术、产品制作、工作方法、历史发展、文字演变、人物成长、动植物生长等等,都应以时间为序。2.空间顺序。即按照事物空间存在的方式,或从外到内,或从上到下,或从整体到局部来加以介绍,这种说明顺序有利于全面说明事物各方面的特征。一般说明某一静态实体(如建筑物等),常用这种顺序。3.逻辑顺序。即按照事物、事理的内在逻辑关系,或由个别到一般,或由具体到抽象,或由主要到次要,或由现象到本质,或由原因到结果,递进,或概括到具体,或特点到用途,或由整体到局部一一介绍说明。不管是实体的事物,如山川、江河、花草、树木、器物等,还是抽象的事理,如思想、观点、概念、原理、技术等,都适于以逻辑顺序来说明。
这几种说明顺序并不是截然分开的,常常是综合运用,只是以哪种说明顺序为主罢了。在考虑运用何各说明顺序时,既要注意客观事物本身的特点,又要遵循人们认识事物的规律。只有合理地运用说明顺序,才能使说明文的写作完成得更好。
三、趣味性。叶圣陶先生说:“说明文不一定就是板起面孔来说话,说明文未尝不可带一点风趣。”为了把事物的特点说得更加生动形象,增强文章的启发性和感染力,说明文要适当地采用生动的说明。
1.首先,插入趣文。说明文一般来讲是比较枯燥的,考生在写作的过程中插入神话、传说和故事等,不但可以增强说明语言的生动性,还能激发读者的阅读兴趣。如《死海不死》一文,在说明死海海水的浮力很大时,穿***古罗马元帅处决俘虏,两次将奴隶投入海中却不沉的传说;在说明死海的成因时,又插入了鲁特妻子变成石人的神话。通过这些有趣的段落,既帮助读者加深了对死海的了解,又使文章变得形象生动、活泼多姿。
2.引用诗文。即在说明的过程中,有机地引用诗文、谜语、歇后语、成语、俗语或者歌词等,以增强说明语言的趣味性。如《南州六月荔枝丹》一文的题目就是出自明代陈辉的《荔枝》一诗,作者引此诗句作题目,可以让读者见题而知荔枝的产地、成熟期和颜色,更给文章增加了诗意,具有文学色彩。茅以升的《中国石拱桥》中说明赵州桥和卢沟桥的特征时,就引用了许多赞语。既有我国诗人对桥赞美的诗句,又有外国名家对桥评价的。通过多方引用,从不同方面、不同角度对我国的石拱桥给予了形象生动的说明。
说明文的语言还包括简洁性、科学性、严密性等。考生在写作时,要灵活把握,恰当运用,积极思索,选取与文章相适合的特点,一定能写出优秀的考场。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
现在我们班数学和英语成绩在108分以上的人很多,我的数学英语成绩在100到107分之间,非常羡慕他们,为什么他们越难的`题就越能做对,而我就不行呢?
原因是这样的,英语试卷上很多阅读题,我平时阅读得少,他们就读得多,理解能力很差,阅读速度慢。还有很多,我经常做一些稀奇古怪的事,不知道英文,就搞错,翻译能力也很差。有一些题是听短文判断对错的,我平时听磁带听得少,理解能力差,听对话回答问题的很灵便,不知会问些什么。别人经常听英语磁带,阅读英语文章,我以前英语很好的,因为以前是靠小聪明的,现在是靠勤奋的。我虽然去外面学习了英语,比别人不学的差,我以后要多听磁带,要联系上下文理解,多看作文的范文,多练习翻译,这样才能学好英语。数学试卷上有很多计算题,数字的位数很多,算不准,除法要试商,试商要估算,估不准,算百分数的最多要算4位小数,进位退位的有时口算不准。我平时都用计算器算数,以后要在家多练习,思维反应也慢,别人在二三年级时就把口算背熟了,我那时太懒了。有些应用题很多步,很容易错,制条形统计图时要用尺子仔细平均分,我没仔细,就点错了位置。有时要把概念背熟,我记忆力差,但是这些话很短,本来很快背熟的,我在家除了做完作业就算了,没有多复习。
于薇也跟我一样,她期中考试数学只有106分,原来是115分的,怕回家大大叫她多学,就哭了,回家不签名,她也不注意方法。小艳莹英语考试只有104分,雪妍116分,小艳莹就去踢雪妍,英语老师还骂她,游间她。
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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