1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
每一个城市大概都有她独特的味道,以至于后来很久都无法忘怀。而对于武汉,这座我生活了数年的城市,夏天的味道却仍像是香辣牛肉面的味道——辣。武汉人是死都不怕辣的,我曾亲眼见过一个燥热的午后,有光着膀子吃着碗里满是红油的牛肉面的人,人多的就像是牛肉面里的红油。那时的我只得绕道而行,对这火辣辣的夏天,我已是提不起兴趣了。
以前的房子已经被拆了,记得街对面的那家牛肉面馆,每次队排得过了好几条街,即使有时候有兴趣想去买着吃吃,也被这庞大的队伍给吓坏了。而且辣椒一放多,就连最后的一点饥饿感带来的胃口都会消失殆尽。现在还会偶尔经过那里,这条街道慢慢在变得更加繁华,但我想为这个牛肉面馆慕名而来的人肯定不曾削减,无论春夏秋冬。
提起面馆,这点回忆肯定是谁都喂不饱的。尽管现在的我还是那么怕辣,不过味蕾在时光的磨练中也慢慢的褪去了他那敏感的感知,比起以前,我这算不算是进步很多了呢?
不知道为什么,可能是以前并不那么追求食物的高大上质量,加上主要也是想省钱吧,和朋友们中午在一起吃面的次数特别多,每个星期攒下来的钱都可以够自己买喜欢的书,而标志性的几家面馆,早知道我们朋友几个是熟客,面馆老板就总会笑眯眯的在门口问候欢迎我们,声音熟悉的像我们的亲人,面馆好像也已成为了我们另一个固定的家,不管中午有没有胃口,总要去。
我记得有一年盛夏爱上了刀削面,用一种特殊的器皿将事先制好的面团削向滚滚的热锅中,不多时便好了。我们大家都喜欢那家刀削面的味道,接连好多天都会去吃。店里有很多桌椅,灯光很暗,看起来很脏乱,每次去的时候总会有人盯着墙角的电视一个劲儿的换台。有一次我们来的比较早,店里没多少人,在等待着面上来的时刻,有人在调电视,而店老板将那台笨重的大铁扇慢慢的打动。它一定是上了年纪了,浑身都那么脏,打动的时候很艰难很艰难,满身黑色的油渍印证了这家店的身份,长时间的热火热油的煎熬。我有些许的走神,听见电扇叶与框之间金属猛烈撞击的响声,非常刺耳,却在这燥热中令人清醒不少,心生出了美好。慵懒的中午好像让人丧失了所有吃东西的胃口,却还是喜欢这家店的味道,刀削面的味道,面馆的味道。那里的辣椒不辣,很美味。电风扇里的风,很凉很有味道。
现在也很少再去面馆了,偶尔吃以前最喜欢吃的热干面也觉得没有那么有味道了,牛肉面的辣不再那么辣,刀削面的热爱没有那么多,而面馆门前还是有长龙一样的队伍排列,城市的各个角落也都散落着,人们满满的美好回忆,只需要等待着被人发现,热情的老板就会在客人点单的时候吼上两嗓子,四碗刀削面哟!
味蕾的敏感度会随着时光褪去,心灵的敏感却不会,生命是一条长河总归没有错。夏天里燥热的感觉就像是各种面的辣,这使得我永远的可以记住那些最美好的味蕾的感觉,而一座面馆的永恒呢?也许是喧闹吵嚷,也许是店老板的热情招呼,也许是电视机的嘈杂,也许是刺耳的老古董发出的声音。
总是有历史的,你的夏天呢?在你的游走中又该有多少足迹多少地方可以画在这条时间长河中啊……
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