导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
“十一”黄金周,爸爸妈妈开车带我去了美丽的旅游圣地---泰宁。
我们乘坐游船去游览大金湖。那里的水碧绿碧绿的,清澈见底,偶尔也能发现一些小鱼小虾在水中嬉戏。
我们乘着游船去了第一景点—野趣园。那里最好玩的就是荡秋千,我让妈妈把秋千荡的老高老高,真刺激!
随后去了《三国演义》里最著名的甘露寺。甘露寺是用一根柱子撑起来的',那根柱子名叫如意柱,到达如意柱的台阶共有一百零一级。爸爸说:“上去的时候要抱抱如意柱。”我第一个冲上去,抱了如意柱,又飞快地登上甘露寺。
第三个景点是在陆地上斜着的一线天——陆地斜线天。那里又惊险又刺激,我们一个个小心翼翼的低着头、弯着身子、扶着岩石,艰难的走着。通过了陆地斜线天,又去了十里平湖。
愉快的金湖之旅结束了,我很开心,下次我还想去那里玩。
国庆长假,爸爸妈妈带我到福建游玩。在这几天里,我觉得最好玩的要数土楼了,我以前就跟妈妈说过:“陈喆去过土楼,四菜一汤。”妈妈就说:“孩子,你不要老是乱说,只是陈喆去土楼吃四菜一汤而已,说不定我们会去那里吃八菜一汤呢。”
下面让我来给大家做个介绍吧。土楼的外围是用土做的,它的外形有圆圆的、方方的,还有半圆的,以前人把它当做碉堡,因为它可以防土匪、防野兽。
我们的第一站是承启楼,它是世界上最大的土楼,里面可以住下几千人。这座土楼共有四圈,每圈都由房子组成,最中间是祖堂,好像一个大大的卷心菜似的。
我们的第二站是裕昌楼,大家也叫它东倒西歪楼,因为它的第三层木桩是向东斜,第五层向西斜,不过让人惊叹的是,它在700年的长时间里依然没有倒塌。
我们的最后一站就是我曾说过的“四菜一汤”。为什么叫它“四菜一汤”呢?因为从观景台自上向下望去,那五座土楼就像四盆菜一锅汤。这时妈妈才明白我说的“四菜一汤”了,不禁哈哈大笑。
到了傍晚,我们才依依不舍地和土楼告别。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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