清晨-活力的城市
当黑夜静静褪去,白天重新归来,宜昌人准备迎来崭新的一天。上班族们背上包,整理好外表,踏出家门,开始一天新的生活,昂首挺胸,自信满满的走在路上,穿过人群,走过马路,跟着时代的步伐大步向前。中老年人也早早的起床,穿上运动服,穿上运动鞋,精神充沛的走在大街上,呼吸新鲜空气,早起锻炼。学生们背着自己的书包,坚实的步伐踏在大道上,又是一天美好的开始。滨江公园里,晨练的人们在片片绿丛中做着各自喜欢的运动,有的舞剑,有的练太极,有的散步,真是“全民健身,奋发向上。”你瞧,那一群练舞的老人,正整齐的排列队形,随着录音机中充满活力的乐曲,翩翩而舞,周围的年轻人,也情不自禁的加入了他们的团队;哦!那还有两位老人正在专注的练习,那位秃头顶的老人,已经年逾古稀,他前腿弓,后腿蹬,有模有样,真是棵青山不老松,那位老妇人也不甘示弱,她精神抖擞,在徐徐清风中,慢慢舞剑;还有一些外国人,正在用手中的相机,捕捉宜昌美丽的早晨……清晨,这活力的城市。
中午-炎热的城市
走在大街上,看着那毒辣的阳光,忍受这灼热的痛,不由感叹,宜昌,真是个炎热的城市。望望路边,许多年轻女孩,都已穿上美丽的夏裙,配上漂亮小巧的鞋,打着小伞,似人群中的蝴蝶,男士们也脱下西装,穿上了凉爽的体恤衫。店子里的冰淇淋是最畅销的,五彩缤纷的冰淇淋,不同的口味,是许多孩子热天最好的选择,他们一窝蜂的涌上去,又一窝蜂的散去,不过,散去时,每个人手里都有了自己喜欢的冰淇淋。他们高兴的走在大街上,吃着冰淇淋,脸上笑开了花。中午,这炎热的城市。
夜晚-繁华的城市
站在长江大桥上,一览全市的夜景,不由觉得真是繁华。远处的灯亮了,好美,好美。玫瑰似的灯散发着如玫瑰般诱人的红光;荧光灯五颜六色,像是美丽的珊瑚礁;椰球灯流出椰汁一般纯白的灯光,好不诱人;普通的白炽灯也默默奉献点缀在桥边;海豚灯有着海一样神秘的灯光,在灯光的衬托,海豚仿佛在跃动;红绿灯履行自己的职责,按时工作。来往的汽车的灯光,政府大楼上射出的彩光与各种灯光,构成了光的海洋。夜市很热闹,从6点钟到凌晨3点钟,夜市不休息,它让人们有了个放松、消遣的地方。朋友们在夜市里吃铁板烧,谈心事;工作的人到酒吧里放松;女孩们逛逛夜市的小饰品店,搜搜好东西……宜昌,真不愧为“三峡电都”啊!夜晚,这繁华的城市。
宜昌,这活力、炎热、繁华的城市!
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
暑假里,爸爸妈妈带我去宜昌玩。一仓是一个很有名的旅游胜地,那里山青水秀,景色宜人,四暑期度假的好去处。
来 到宜昌,我们第一站就是去著名的三峡帕大瀑布。那里的山很绿,而且山都是连在一起的,像骆驼的背一样,来到大瀑布旁边,我看见,大瀑布的水,是从山壁崖上 流下来的`,水流下来的时候发出哗哗的巨响,大瀑布的水很凉,我把脚伸进去,我感觉,好凉快啊!我还在水里发现许多小螃蟹,小螃蟹披着墨绿色的盔甲,长着四 对长长的脚,两只像两把大剪刀,威武极了!我连忙拿起渔网捞起来,可是我捞了半天,怎么也捞不到一只小螃蟹,真是太奇怪了!我离开了小溪,就和爸爸妈妈来 到大瀑布,我们立刻拿出刚买的雨衣,做好穿越瀑布的准备。我们穿好雨衣就走近大瀑布,我刚进去,一会儿就大叫了起来,因为风太大了,把水都吹到我身上了, 爸爸带着我走了两次,这种感觉真是太刺激了!
看完瀑布,我们又去参观了一个叫“金狮洞”的溶洞。走进溶洞我看见了很多我从来没见过的钟乳石,这些钟乳石各式各样的,有的像一只大狮子、有的像孙悟空的定海神针、还有的像武松打虎;这些钟乳石形态各异,千姿百态,让人看得眼花缭乱。
啊!神奇的宜昌风景令人难忘,在这青山叠翠,万木峥嵘、鸟雀鸣唱、瀑布声喧的童话世界里更让我体会到了宜昌的美丽。
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