说明文作文500字如何写【一】
按说明的对象来分，说明文分为实体说明文和事理说明文两种。
以事物作为说明的对象，重点在于说明事物是“怎样”的，介绍事物的性质、特征，把一种事物和另一种事物区分开来的说明文就是实体说明文。
以事理作为说明的对象，重点说明事理是“怎么样”和“为什么这样”的，把抽象的、难于理解的事理说得清楚明白的就是事理说明文。
按说明文的语言风格，说明文可以分为平实语言的说明文和生动语言的说明文（文艺性说明文）两种。
说明文作文500字如何写【二】
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的`一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型
1.例证法 2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法
1.例证法
Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.
这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。
2.定义法
An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.
本段的展开是通过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,关键词"ideal teacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。
3.分类法
As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favour of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.
本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people、自由派(liberal people和温和派(moderate people,并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。
4.因果关系法
Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coat again and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy.
第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。
5.比较对照法
I like having a twin sister. When she's happy, I'm happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what she's going to say. Sometimes, I know what she's thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books.
这段采用AB交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。
6.过程分析法
There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep. Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. Third, put the earth back into the hole again. Push it down hard with your foot several times. Finally, water the tree well, as often as possible.
这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally的使用加强了语句的连贯性。
Exercises
例１ 请根据Wang Hua 在学骑自行车时的几个步骤，写一篇短文，说明他是任何学会骑自行车的．
参考词汇： handle-bars 自行车把手 pedal 踏板 saddle 车座
Wang Hua is learning to ride a bicycle. Let’s watch him and see how he can get on his bicycle. He put his hands on the handle-bars. He puts his left foot on the left pedal, then he pushes himself hard forward with his right leg. Now he can move on together with the bicycle and his whole body is now on the bicycle. Then, he raises his right leg over the saddle and lower himself on the saddle. Now, he is on the bicycle and stepping the pedals hard with both legs. And the bicycle is going forward.
例2
请写一篇短文介绍如何乘坐伦敦地铁．
内容提示如下：
1. 在售票处（booth购买辅币（token需30便士．
2. 在入口处将辅币投入狭孔（slot，你就可以走下地铁．
3. 在站台等车时，要站在白线以外．注意你要去的方向．不要站错站台．
4. 上下车应迅速，因为车门关闭很快．地铁内规定不准吸烟．
注意：短文的意思要连贯． 字数：100个左右．
If you want to travel by underground in London, you should first find the nearest underground entrance and buy a token for 30 pence in the booth. After you drop the token into the slot at the entrance, you can walk down the stairs. Stand back of the white line while waiting for the train on the platform. Make sure that you are on the right side of the platform for your train. When the train arrives, get on or get off quickly because the doors of the train close quickly. Smoking is not allowed in the underground.
例3
家用电脑体积下，价格低，造型优美，简单易用，使用方便，灵活；可用于计算，记事，打电话，打印信件；儿童可用它来学英语，做游戏． 你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机；为将来寻找工作提供便利；电脑工作比人快数百倍；我们已经得到电脑的巨大帮助． 请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文． 字数120左右．
A Family Computer
A family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which can give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of times faster than humans. We have been greatly helped by
computers.
例 4
请以The Importance of Trees 为题写一篇短文，说明保护森林的必要性．
1. 说明树木的主要用途：提供木材；吸水，防止水灾，旱灾；净化空气，美化生活．
2. 滥伐树木的危害；无计划砍伐造成水土流失，土壤沙化，造成水灾．
3. 每年都应植树造林，使其为人类更好服务等等．
字数：100左右．
As we all know, trees are very useful. They are of great benefit to man as follows. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can help clean air and beautify life.
Unfortunately, nowadays in many parts of the world lots of people fail to realize the importance of trees. They have cut trees down in large numbers without a plan, which makes the soil washed away. They don’t know where there are no trees, the rain washes away the surface of the soil and this causes floods.
We ought to plant trees each year and carefully look after new trees in order not to make the forest slowly disappear. Only in this way can we make the forest serve man forever.
例 5
根据下表格提供的信息，请你推荐两本学中文的词典．
Dear Steve,
I’m pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries. The English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. Besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECCED is the more expensive, costing 52 yuan, and XD costs 11 yuan.
Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries.
Yours, Li Yua
说明文作文500字如何写【三】
写说明文，一定要对说明对象有比较深刻的认识，即抓住说明对
象的特征。什么是事物的特征呢？特征就是某事物区别于其它事物的象征和标志，即该事物所特有的个性。它往往表现在两个方面：一是外显性特征，如事物的颜色、质地、空间位置、形状、温度等；二是内隐性特征，如事物的成因、原理、变化过程、内部结构、习性、性能、风格等方面。
那么怎样才能把握住事物的特征呢？必须从以下几个方面着手：一要认真观察。通过细致、反复、深刻的观察，用眼、耳、口、鼻、体、肤等感觉器官，对要说明的事物进行看、听、尝、嗅、触等，必要时，还可以做实验，以准确、全面地把握事物的特征。二要深入思考。将说明对象和类似的事物进行多方面比较，对掌握的有关信息进行筛选，深入分析其异同，抓住了“异处”，就把握了该事物的特征，也就抓住了说明的重点。三要重视积累、扩大生活视野，阅读范围，不断丰富知识，积累写作材料，注意间接的获得，提高理性认识水平。
说明文作文500字如何写【四】
讲结构，做条理，即说明文说明顺序和结构的安排。首先应把握住说明对象的特征，才能进一步确定说明文应用什么说明顺序，再做说明结构的.安排。文章的条理性是客观事物、事理本身特点、规律在文章结构上的反映。说明文解说事物、阐述事理就要按这些关系来安排说明次序，使之层次清楚、主次分明，结构合理。
对读者并不陌生的事物或事理，说明时可先说一般，再叙说个别现象。这种写法宜先写性质特征，后写状态，人们可先获得事物或事理的
总体认识，然后具体理解。如《苏州园林》，一般读者都知园林这一事物，但苏州园林与其他园林有所不同，因此，写作时宜先说出它与其它园林不同的性质特征，然后具体说它的形态。这种结构安排有利于读者尽快地认识事物。
说明文作文500字如何写【五】
人们有不同的家庭环境、文化背景、生活经历以及不同的人生观和世界观，造成了个体的.差异性。然而，大多数人看世界，总是从自己的角度出发，以自我为参照，生活中就容易因此而造成人与人之间的相互误解，于是就有了一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特的说法。
怎样才能消除误解呢？
消除误解，首先要分析产生误解的人是什么类型的人。有人固执己见，有人通情达理。对前者，要说服他们放弃偏见往往是不现实的，但只要自己问心无愧，又对工作生活无大妨碍，完全可以不必多作解释。这类人注重事实，当事实证明一切后，误解自然就消除了。对后一种人采用适当有效的沟通方法，基本上能达到消除误解的目的。
有效的沟通方法主要包括以下几点：
1、时间。一^般是越早越好，最好是在误解刚产生之时，这时人的看法往往是摇摆不定的，哪种意见占多数，就容易偏向哪一边。
2、场合。场合很重要。谁都要面子，有时明知自己不对，但在大庭广众之下，为了维护面子，也要强词夺理，争个输赢；还有人脾气暴躁，也不适合在众目睽睽之下与他争辩。
3、方式。如何实现由误解到沟通，不可不注意方式。有人性格外向，坦诚直率，就宜开门见山，以诚相待；有人生性内向，喜怒不形于色，就不妨含蓄一些，点到为止。
4、态度。消除误解时的态度需要诚恳，且不可过多指责对方的错误，更不要逼对方承认错误。待人要宽容，要允许别人有不同的甚至错误的意见或看法，这才是做人立于不败之地的根本所在。
俗话说：人间自有真情在。当我们最终消除误解达到相互谅解和理解时，自己的生命也会变得美丽。采取正确的方式消除人与人之间的误解，对于自己和别人都有好处，何乐而不为呢？
