导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
马蹄踏岁月跫响,误几回,揭帷憾无还。笛声残,唱彻阳关,事事荏苒。
昨日的骊歌被六月的风吹散成无尽的思念。流逝的时间会换走一切最初的模样。你的模样。
树荫下的秋千,只有孤寂的蝴蝶茕茕茕孑立。时间推着秋千,荡着你的.欢笑。晃啊晃啊,越荡越远。你在酥,油灯下,小心翼翼地捧起书,虔诚地品味;你在那口石井旁,轻轻地诵着那首小诗:“离离原上草,一岁一枯荣……”;你在那雨天里,抛开伞,划舟到池塘戏水;你在那陌上阡头,无忧地扯着杂草。与你有关那些日子我还记得,但时间的洪流却一点一点地吞噬了它们,成为了永远不醒的梦。
书香犹在却已泛黄;石井还在,却已枯荒;那一叶舫艋还在,却载不动时间沉淀下来的忧伤;那阡陌还在,却在你遥不可及的地方。
你说你要进京赶考,于是携着行囊,离开。你的笛声悠悠,浸染了氲氲的空气,我的眼里也有些湿润了。我挥挥手,望着你的蹄声叩着青石板的跫响渐次消匿。
时间在你的书页里流逝了,时间在你的吟诵中流逝了,时间在你的一回回挥笔中流逝了,时间在你的一场场赶卖考时流逝了。我盼着时间流逝得更快,那样你就会早些回来。却又盼着时间不要流逝得太快,因为害怕时间的流水淹没了曾经的回忆。你说你会回来的,是吗?我站在浅浅的记忆里等你。但我终于望断了最后一只南飞的北雁。
秋叶落下来惊醒了酣睡的玫瑰;夏雨又无情地冲刷了桅子的芬芳;如今,菡萏开了,却又不知会被时间换去如何的模样。我望着六月的天空,知道自己逃不出时间的囚牢,无法越过我的城,去见一面你的微笑。
我读不懂那些圣人君子的什么“逝者如斯”。我只知道时间的流逝是一个偷天换日、沧海桑田的巨大阴谋。欺骗走了你的笑靥,留给我一片喧嚣。
此刻,你就在考场,把那些时间沉积的墨轻轻碾开,书写成沉重的文字。我看着窗影中的你,微笑。
我会看到你的笑颜。因为,流逝的时间是一次沉淀,将痛沉淀,将愁沉淀,才流向美好的明天。
嗒嗒你的马蹄声,沿着江水的咆哮归来。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
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