对于生涯咨询的理解可以从两个比较概念中了解。一个是职业指导,一个是生涯教育。职业指导基于的是个人特质与职业选择的适配理论,基于的是各种测评量表,基于的是现状表现和所展示出来的特质。生涯教育则是帮助一个人展开对于生涯的认识,提前了解各个生涯阶段,并为下一个阶段做准备。
职业指导追求的是尽快做出一个相对确定的选择,之所以说是确定的,是因为假设可以找到“最合适的”的匹配项、假设所有的'特点都是“不容易变动的”、假设个人人格特征是“可以测量的”。于是,这样的选择就可以尽快做出了。这样的生涯辅导方式最适用于初入职场的人,他们正处于角色转变期,需要的不是“准确选项”,所以恰恰需要一个“准确的”开始。这样的选项,会让人不至于纠结,会比较投入,从而可以尽快开始积累最初的职业经历。这正是职业指导的价值。
我也很熟悉生涯教育,我受邀去很多中学做过调研和讲座,我多次强调,在基础教育阶段,不是做一个匹配或者确定的标签,极端一点,任何分类的区分都不要在学生中产生固定的链接。因为,我的基本信念是,处于成长的人有我们所不知道空间和可能,不要因为“专业权威科学”的标签而抹***了这样的可能性。与此同时,需要传递出去的是生涯的意识和全局视野,进而对青少年的价值观、能力、性格、兴趣等形成产生影响。教育,就是要影响人的,只是这次是生涯视角。
生涯咨询呢?本身不应是知识,不应承载着教育和指导的任务。所以,督导时每每看到有咨询师把咨询做成了一对一培训,都很让我捉急。咨询有沟通的维度,也有关系的维度,整合在一起说,就是在咨询关系中,通过沟通的方式来解决来询者的问题与困惑,满足期待,建构未来。在关系中,咨询师不是教导者,也不是布道者,是一种专业的陪伴,梳理、澄清、直面、建构等等。
说来话长,不要小看对于咨询的理解,这直接决定了咨询领域发展的可能性。
dear sir/madam:
i have known mr.
caleb for more than 6 years since his freshman year at university of minnesota. at that time, he took the course-- mathematical analysis, which i ta(转 载于: :领导留学推荐信ught mainly for junior students majoring in mathematics.
to my surprise, i found he was among the few students in his class who could keep up with the pace of my lectures. moreover, he often posed thought-provoking questions during the course. thus it was natural that i liked discussing with this young man and became familiar with him. the more i knew him, the more i found he was talented at mathematics. as you can see, he got excellent scores on the course.
in fact, he ranked no. 1 on this 270 hours course in the talented student class which has 34 intelligent others. with his outstanding talent and solid mathematical background, he also did quite well in most other courses during his undergraduate study.
as to his personality, i would like to say mr. caleb is a warm-hearted, honest and upright
student. he was always ready to help others. during my lectures, many students got confused at some points and i could always see mr. caleb help them explain during breaks. in the meanwhile, i must admit that mr. caleb was a bit impatient
sincerely yours,
xxx
In capacity as Professor of Mathematics at Fudan University?I'm writing to recommend Mr. Wang?Gesintosyour PhD program in Computer Science. I have known Mr. Wang since his sophomore year of college?and have acted as his thesis advisormentor. In my experience?he is a gifteddiligent student?and an admirably hard worker.
Wang is an impressive student because he has been forced to overcome the significant challenge of a serious illness during his freshman year. When I first met Wang in my Discrete Math class?he did not appear to be anything special to me. While his exam scores were good?they were not as high as I would now expect of him.
What I didn't know then was that due to his illness?Wang was attempting to take all of the difficult early mathematics courses at one time?including Discrete Mathematics?Advanced Mathematics?Linear Algebra?and Possibilities. While most students found preparing for just one set of these exams difficult?Wang was overwhelmed by four of them. But in the end?he achieved an impressive score on the final exam?which made me conscious of his unusual determination he demonstrates when confronting difficult challenges.
Mr. WangI have often talked about a variety of mathematicscomputer science conceptsproblems. During these discussions?I always found him to be delightfully intelligent. Not only does he quickly understand the conceptsproblems presented to him?he is able to analyze these problemspresent solutions. But perhaps most important is that Wang's thinking is intensely rigorous. When looking at any question?he carefully scrutinizes itif he finds any uncertain issue
he clears them up immediately. I believe this kind of thought is essential to become an excellent computer programmer.
Serving as his thesis advisor?I had a first-hand opportunity to observe the way in which Wang's mind works. In his senor thesis?Mr. Wang mainly discussed two challenging questions in regards to″ANN″。 In our books in China?knowledge of ANNits uses are very rare. Few people in China have studied this topicconsequently?the materials that are available on ANN are limited. Working on this difficult project?not only did Mr. Wang rise to the challenge?but he went abovebeyond the call of duty to analyze his secondary sourcestest them for accuracy in practice. In this way?he found mistakes in the book that we use. His diligencehard work made me extremely proud of him.
对于生涯咨询的理解可以从两个比较概念中了解。一个是职业指导,一个是生涯教育。职业指导基于的是个人特质与职业选择的适配理论,基于的是各种测评量表,基于的是现状表现和所展示出来的特质。生涯教育则是帮助一个人展开对于生涯的认识,提前了解各个生涯阶段,并为下一个阶段做准备。
职业指导追求的是尽快做出一个相对确定的选择,之所以说是确定的,是因为假设可以找到“最合适的”的匹配项、假设所有的特点都是“不容易变动的”、假设个人人格特征是“可以测量的”。于是,这样的选择就可以尽快做出了。这样的生涯辅导方式最适用于初入职场的人,他们正处于角色转变期,需要的不是“准确选项”,所以恰恰需要一个“准确的”开始。这样的选项,会让人不至于纠结,会比较投入,从而可以尽快开始积累最初的职业经历。这正是职业指导的价值。
我也很熟悉生涯教育,我受邀去很多中学做过调研和讲座,我多次强调,在基础教育阶段,不是做一个匹配或者确定的标签,极端一点,任何分类的区分都不要在学生中产生固定的链接。因为,我的基本信念是,处于成长的人有我们所不知道空间和可能,不要因为“专业权威科学”的'标签而抹***了这样的可能性。与此同时,需要传递出去的是生涯的意识和全局视野,进而对青少年的价值观、能力、性格、兴趣等形成产生影响。教育,就是要影响人的,只是这次是生涯视角。
生涯咨询呢?本身不应是知识,不应承载着教育和指导的任务。所以,督导时每每看到有咨询师把咨询做成了一对一培训,都很让我捉急。咨询有沟通的维度,也有关系的维度,整合在一起说,就是在咨询关系中,通过沟通的方式来解决来询者的问题与困惑,满足期待,建构未来。在关系中,咨询师不是教导者,也不是布道者,是一种专业的陪伴,梳理、澄清、直面、建构等等。
说来话长,不要小看对于咨询的理解,这直接决定了咨询领域发展的可能性。
其实,也是说生涯咨询产生的原因。
来做咨询的人有些是对于职业生涯缺少安全感的,有些是不能对自我产生一致认同的,有些是不能适应当下变化,有些是难以面对未来变化,有些是对于个人的自我实现产生焦虑的,有些是对于生存和成就心怀不安的。而所有这一切表现,有都源于这个时代的职业世界新的发展和变化。
组织越来越无边界,职业形势越来越变化多端,职业任务越来越不确定,战略和结构越来越多变。这个社会是流动的,职业是流动的,组织是流动的,人更是流动的。处于流动中的人,迫切需要更强的安全感来应对这样的变化。这样的安全感来自于一个人内心对于自我的认同,这样的认同是职业生涯中长期积累出来自我认知,来自于自我认识,也来自于外界评价和生涯事件影响。这样的安全感还来自于一个人对于变化环境的适应力,表现为遇到挫折的复原力以及快速学习力。
从这种认同和适应力来说,90后具备更强的安全感,也更容易理解了。因为父母逐渐觉醒的认可意识,90后在成长过程中获得肯定较多,干预较少,他们整体处于一种认同相对一致性的环境中。同时,因为物质相对丰富,有更多接触不同事物的机会,适应性是从小就积累出来的。
也正是从认同与适应力的角度,萨维科斯在这本书中讲到,“在一个不确定的世界,发展技能和才智固然重要,但是这却无法替代一种踏实的自我感。”我对此有强烈共鸣,总有人会说,生涯咨询有什么用呢?不会告诉我最适合做什么,如果来了经济危机,大家都失业了,还不是要看一技之长。我想说,真的不是这样的。技能固然重要,关键还要看是谁在掌握。那种有着强一致的认同感和适应力的人,对于一次经济危机的应对,绝不会比任何一个技艺高手差。与此同时,人们的焦虑并非都来自于物质匮乏和工作机会,这些都是直接来源,所产生的影响并未完全传导出来。此时,人们更加需要生涯咨询解除迷茫,产生更为直接的行动力和乐观态度。
这样不确定的时代产生了一个应对不确定的生涯咨询,这是必然。必然如何实现呢?下周接着说吧,后现代建构的生涯咨询如何发挥作用的。
From: ****
Department of the SPECIAL CLASS GIFTED for YOUTHS
University of Science and Technology
Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
July 1, 1998
Dear Sir or Madam:
I take great pleasure in recommending Wang Yong, one of my favorite students, for admission into your distinguished graduate program.
Mr. Wang was admitted in 1986 at 14 years of age into the SPECIAL CLASS for the GIFTED YOUTHS, my university's unique program that caters to the intellectual needs of unusually talented Chinese youngsters. It was a rare privilege he earned with his nearly impeccable academic performance through the years of his elementary and secondary school.
He impressed me almost as he entered into my university, a major cradle of china's scientific and technological talents. At the time, members of the Gifted Class all had to spend half a month studying by themselves the principles of calculus and then take an exam so that we could evaluate their self-study capability. Mr. Wang scored the highest grade in that exam. He also exhibited a keenly whetted mind during class discussions. To my regret at the time, his English was not as good as his mathematics or physics.(缺点介绍,公正真实 But I noticed he made a point of working especially hard in improving his English during his five undergraduate years with us. By now, he seems to be at least as proficient in English as most of his former classmates in the Gifted Class.
In my experience with Mr. Wang, I was impressed with not only his extraordinary intelligence but also his ambitions and persistence. I am sure that Mr. Wang will be an outstanding student in any doctoral program that he may care to enroll in. So I would like to support him firmly in his quest recommendation into account when considering his application. I would greatly appreciate it you decide to accept him as he wishes.
Yours sincerely
****
Professor and Deputy Head
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