礼仪作文框架【一】
我国是世界四大文明古国之一，古老的中华民族自古以来就享有“礼仪之邦”的美称。孔融让梨，尊长爱幼被传为美谈；岳飞问路，颇知礼节，才得以校场比武，骑马夺天下；程门立雪更是尊敬师长的典范。老子在《道德经》中告诉我们“做一天人就要讲一天道德”。而我们，作为中华民族的继承人，我们有责任继承和发扬中华民族五千年文化精髓，使中国”礼仪之邦“的美称名副其实，发扬光大。文明礼仪并不是口号，它处处可见，常常发生在我们身边的小事中，但往往被我们所忽略。
所以我们要把文明礼仪融入到现实生活中去，要注重平时从小培养，形成良好习惯。首先，从个人做起，注重个人的仪容仪表、仪态举止、谈吐着装等。古人对人体姿态曾有形象的概括“站如松，行如风，坐如钟，卧如弓。”从仪容仪表说，要求整洁干净：表情神态要表现出对人的尊重、理解和善意，面带微笑；谈吐要态度诚恳、亲切，使用文明用语，简洁得体。着装要干净、整洁、得体，符合学生身份，体现出新世纪学生蓬勃向上的风采。
其次，在公共场所注意礼仪。社会是一个大家庭，在公共场所，遵守公共秩序也是守礼仪的一个表现。如果有人不懂礼仪搞破坏，容易对自己和他人造成危害。第三，我们要谦恭礼让。谦恭礼让就是在人际交往中有谦虚的态度，尊重别人，对人恭敬，懂得礼貌，谦恭礼让是中国人的`传统美德。谦恭礼让能与别人友好相处，也能赢得别人的尊重、友谊和帮助。“孔融让梨”的故事大家都听说过，四岁的孔融把大梨让给哥哥和弟弟吃，而自己却吃小的。这正说明虽然年幼但礼仪却不该短缺。还有同学之间也离不开礼仪，它就像润滑油，使粗糙的摩擦消失，如果有矛盾，多进行自我反省。著名文学家歌德说：“一个人的礼貌就是一面照出他肖像的镜子。”的确，人们总是根据你的言谈举止评价你。让我们大家都提高自己的礼仪意识，重视礼仪。只有这样，才能使自己逐步养成文明礼仪习惯，成为有气质、有风度、有教养的现代文明人。
礼仪作文框架【二】
礼仪作文框架【三】
翻译是受关联理论影响最大的学科之一。德国学者Gutt认为，翻译是一种言语交际行为，是与大脑机制密切联系的推理过程，它不仅涉及语码，更重要的是根据语境进行动态的推理，而推理的依据就是关联性。关联性就是制约翻译的基本原则，翻译的成功与否在于原交际者的目的和读者（听者）的要求在认知环境方面与原文相似。关联理论引入翻译研究，对翻译理论和实践都具有指导意义。
美国著名语言学家、翻译理论权威尤金·奈达博士也认为：“翻译就是交际。”他指出，信息如果不能被读者接受则丧失其交际作用，而译文如果起不到交际作用，不能为读者所理解，就是不合格的。
原作者和译者都是通过交际意图把信息告诉各自的读者，因此，要做到忠实于原作者的交际意图，这就需要译者首先要理解原文，并根据关联原则找到各种信息的最佳关联，获得最佳的语境效果，最终做出一个最能体现原作者交际意图的译文。成功的译文是使译文读者可以不必花费较多的努力就能获得与原文读者相同的语境效果，并能准确地理解原作者的交际意图。
关联理论把翻译看作是一个交际过程，而翻译过程包含作者与译者之间的交际和译者与读者之间的交际这两个交际过程。因此，译者不仅要有准确理解作者交际意图的能力，还应充分考虑译文环境下译文读者的认知能力，帮助译文读者找到与译文语境之间的最佳关联，达到最佳交际效果。译者作为原文的读者接受来自原文本的信息，这些信息提供的动态语境与译者的认知语境相结合，产生译者对原文本的理解。在理解过程中，译者运用自己的语言知识和推理能力努力达到对原文作者意图的最接近的理解，从而做到对原文的“忠实”。然而，译文忠实于原文的程度依赖于译者对译文读者的了解。如果译者不顾译文读者的认知语境和知识结构，将原文原封不动地呈现给译文读者，只会使译文读者不知所云，导致交际失败。例如，如果把“Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard。”直译为“据说家家户户的壁橱里至少都藏着一具骷髅。”就会使译文读者困惑不解。此译文只是对原文的表面意思做了传达，并未传达原文的真实意义，对于不了解西方文化背景的译文读者来说就很难以理解。然而。如果将其翻译为“常言道：壁橱里藏骷髅，丑事家家有。”这样，译者就找到了原文与译文语境的最佳关联，译文也更易被中国读者所接受，译者就达到了完成作者与译文读者之间最佳交际的目的。
译者作为原作者和译文读者之间的桥梁，其主要任务是保证两者之间交际的成功。为了保证原文作者和译文读者之间交际的成功，译者可以采取各种翻译策略来帮助译文读者找到原文与译文语境的最佳关联，达到最佳的交际效果。因此，译文读者在这一交际过程中的角色是不容忽视的。译者需要对译文读者的`认知结构和知识结构有充分的了解，做出准确的判断，对译文的表达方式做出适合译文读者的选择。如对《红楼梦》中的谚语“谋事在人，成事在天”的翻译，霍克斯直接引用英语谚语“Man proposes，God disposes。”撇开原作中的佛教色彩，使译作带上了基督教色彩，从而使原文作者曹雪芹向译文读者靠近。
翻译是语际意义的转换，意义问题是翻译的核心问题。在翻译过程中，既要重视语言本身，也要重视在不同的语境中语言所要表达的真正含义。语境在关联理论中又称为语境假设，不仅包括上下文和说话时的社会环境，还包括百科知识和当时感知的信息，这些信息并不构成一个单一的语境，而是一系列语境。在话语理解中，人们只是选取某一特定语境对信息进行推理。交际能否顺利进行，主要看听话者能否选择正确的语境。Sperber和Wilson提出了动态的语境观。语境不是静态的，而是在话语理解过程中不断选择的结果。很多情况下，交际者的交际意图可能会和话语的字面意思不一致甚至相反，这就要求听话者结合自己的认知结构和百科知识及推理能力找到与说话者的话语信息相关的语境假设，通过推理正确的判断说话者的交际意图。例如：“She is a fox。”译文有“她是只狐狸”、“她是个狐狸精”或“她是个时尚迷人的女人”在中英文化中，“狐狸”都可以与狡猾、诡计多端的人联系在一起，但当“狐狸”与女性联系在一起，汉语与英语就有了不同的文化色彩。如果译者不了解中英不同的文化语境，按照中国人的认知思维，把fox翻译成“狐狸精”，那无疑是错误的，因为在英语中，它指的是时髦迷人的女子。因此，译者应该对原语进行文化推理，获得最佳的语境效果才能得出准确的译文，达到交际的目的。
礼仪作文框架【四】
Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson的关联理论是在H。P。Grice的交际理论与会话含意理论的基础上发展起来的，他们合着的《关联性：交际与认知》一书中对其有很精辟的阐述。关联理论作为认知语言学一个理论给西方语用学界带来了极大影响。它将关注的核心投到人类交际与话语理解方面，其影响力已超出了语用学领域，延伸到翻译领域。因为自然语言中的每个话语都可以有多种理解，要正确的理解自然语言，就必须通过语境来寻找信息的关联，然后根据话语和语境的关联进行推理。而翻译中为达到语用等效，其前提正是正确地理解自然语言。因此，关联理论就成为可以指导翻译的语用翻译理论。
礼仪作文框架【五】
“会说话，有眼色”，我觉得只要做到了这两句话，我们就能做好“礼仪”。我以前总认为不需要会说话，我只需要做好自己的事就行了，做人要求务实，不需要跟其他人打交道。后来我逐渐明白了人与人交往的重要性，作为社会的一员，不可能不与其他人交往，不会说话，没眼色在与人交往的过程中是不行的。在与人交往时，你不会说话，就不能很好的表达自己的意思，没眼色，就不能与他人很好地交往。
“礼”是尊重，“仪”是表达，“会说话”才能很好的表达自己对对方的\'尊重，“有眼色”才能把事做地道了。金老师讲礼仪时为我们点出了一些比较常用与重要的礼仪。如何称呼他人？用尊称，这不论是在任何地方，都是必须会的，人际交往你要尊重交往对象，就要使用尊称。而且尊称的一般技巧就高不就低。在接待贵宾时，我们应该如何操作？如何挂电话？如何跟领导打招呼？这都是需要技巧的。做的好会给人很深刻的影响，反之，别人会觉得你没礼貌。讲究礼仪，为自己树立一个良好的形象，才能获得对方的信任与社会的认可，才能与人实现良好的沟通与交流，实现社交的目标。
礼仪有很多好处，如金正昆所说，第一，内强素质。礼仪是一个人是否有修养的表现，是一个人是否经历了正规或高级教育的体现，如果一个人讲礼仪已成为了习惯，那么他绝对是有修养的人。第二，外塑形象。作为一名工作人员，讲礼仪所带来的不是一个人的荣誉，而是一个单位的荣誉。人们会说这个公司的人是讲礼仪的，这就是礼仪的重要性！第三，可以增进交往，所谓礼尚往来，我国自古就有这样的历史，人人都愿意去和有礼貌的人去交往，这样的人人际关系会越来越好，而且人脉也会越来越发达，现代社会中合作是最最重要的，而你的人脉就注定了你合作的人群及对象。因此讲究礼仪是必不可少的！而综合这三条就是礼仪可以使问题最小化，避免双方出现尴尬的情况。而这样的交往又有谁不愿意去进行呢？
听了这次金教授的讲座让我受益匪浅，在日常生活中与人交谈无时不在，做一个有素养的人才会被人尊重，我们有则改之，无则加勉，交谈是一种艺术，关乎的是每一个细节，所以，不管是在语言还是在举止上都要多加注意让好的方面成为自己的一种习惯。
礼仪作文框架【六】
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
礼仪作文框架【七】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
