Dear English teacher,
I went on a trip to Hainan today with my family .We went there by plane. After we got off the plane, we went to the beach to see the beautiful sand and swim there. There were other people there too. Some people were surfing and some people were diving in the deeper part of the sea. Afterwards we had lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach. We ate seafood like shrimps and craps, and drank some abalone soup.We all didn't want to go home because the scenery was so beautiful, and there were so many other exciting things to try,but sadly it was time for us to go. It was definitely an exciting trip.If I have a chance to go there again, i will be more than happy to visit the place again.
Best wishes for you!
yours,
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to the university president. You should write at least 120 words based on the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 学校教学应该注重学生学习方法的'培养。
2. 学校应该丰富学生的校园生活
A Letter to the University President
Dear Sir,
I am writing to put up some suggestions concerning our teaching and campus life.
As a sophomore from the Math Department, I am quite satisfied with the present condition of my university, but I餯 like to say that there is still some room for improvement.
First, I believe that more attention should be paid to the guidance of our study methods. To some extent, university students are capable of studying by themselves, but more often than never, we find ourselves at a loss as to choose good books to read and appropriate topics for our research. It is clear that we need some advice from our teachers. If our teachers can lecture more on how to learn by yourself for us, especially for the freshmen, our skills will be further improved.
Second, more activities should be conducted to make our campus life more colorful. I餸 sorry to say that the present life on campus is quite boring. Every day we have classes, read in the library, or stay in the dormitory. Life here is routine. We need more meaningful activities organized to enrich our college life and enable us to study more efficiently.
“语文是最重要的交际工具,是人类文化的重要组成部分。”它是工具性和人文性的高度统一,因此,学好语文对每一个人尤其是每一个青少年学生来说是最起码也是至关重要的。那么,怎样才能学好语文?怎样才能提高学生的语文素养?培养学生的语感是最重要的路径?
长期以来,急功近利思想的作用下学生们把更多的时间和精力都投注到短期可以见效益的学科上。于是,语文这门需要长期付出,厚积薄发的学科自然就被渐渐冷落。加上繁重的作业致使学生课外阅读的时间不足,阅读教学的低效也磨灭了学生的阅读兴趣。从教学的实际看,必须立足于语文课堂,开展语文主题学习,增加学生课堂的阅读容量,提高学生阅读的质量,从而有效提升学生的语文素养。
“语文素养”的含义,简而言之即对语文有长久的修养和训练。这是一个复合性概念,尽管它的内涵和构成要素十分丰富,但提高学生的语文素养,都离不开把语言文字包含的文化素养转化为学生的.文化素养。
语是世界上最美、最丰富的语言,鼓励学生读背一些文质兼美、情文并茂的篇章,是学生积累知识、培养语感很重要的途径。
“听话是凭借语言理解说话者所讲的意思。听的言语活动不是机械、被动地接受和简单重复反映信息,而是积极主动思考,***语言材料,创造性地理解和接受信息的过程。”可见,听是接收信息最有效的手段之一。鉴于此,在语文课堂上,我们举行了课前美文欣赏活动:学生在听的过程中接收优美的语言,经过大脑的加工后,对听到的美文进行评价,表达出自己的想法。我认为在教学中要积极帮助学生端正听的态度,培养学生多听、会听,在听中积极感知语感。如此经常练习,学生的语感能力就会不断提高。
阅读是提高学生人文底蕴、提高语文能力、培养积累语感的有效途径。多读、熟读、读后深思,能有效地激发语感,所谓“书读百遍,其义自见”讲的就是诵读的效果。古时的私塾先生们就很看重诵读,他们要生反复读、仔细读,做到熟读成诵,“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”便是对诵读的评价。现代心理学研究表明,诵读中语调、节奏、语流反复刺激,便在学习者特定的精神上留下了“声音映像”,这种内在的映像遇到外界的刺激,熟悉的语言流便会自然而然地从记忆中溢出。
有一种文化现象值得注意:只要一提起意大利民族文化,人们就会很自然地联想到但丁的《神曲》、达?芬奇的绘画;提起俄罗斯民族文化,人们就会想到普希金的、托尔斯泰的小说;提起日耳曼民族文化,就会想到歌德、海涅的诗歌、剧作和贝多芬的音乐……由此可见,无论东方还是西方,世界各民族都有自己独具特色的文化,都有一批能经受得起时间考验、长久不衰的经典。丢掉民族的优秀文化遗产,不仅是民族自身的悲哀,也是人类文化的损失。同理,语文课程要全面提高学生的语文素养,其内容在与时俱进,加强时代性,满足社会实际需要(实用的同时,必须加强其经典性,提高课程的文化含量。
作为民族共同语的教育,当前我们的语文课程尤其需要弘扬中华民族优秀文化(包括革命传统文化,也就是需要大力加强对民族优秀文化的理解和吸收,创造和发展。这是因为,在当今世界上,语言都是民族的语言,文字都是民族的文字,任何一个民族的语言文字都不仅仅是一个符号系统或交际工具。一方面,语言文字本身可以反映一个民族认识客观世界的思维方式;另一方面,民族文化也依附于语言文字得以继承和发展。所以民族文化就蕴涵于民族的语言文字之中,任何一个民族的语言文字都是其深厚的民族精神的积淀。它直接与民族感情相联系,构成了维系民族成员的心理纽带,是民族生命的重要组成部分。当然,中华民族文化是一个丰富博大的有机整体:既包括汉民族的文化;也包括各少数民族的文化;既包括悠久的古代文化,也包括近代和现代文化;而且弘扬民族文化也不排斥外来的优秀文化,因为任何一个开放的民族,它的文化发展都离不开学习和吸收世界其他国家和民族的优秀文化成果。
在语文学科,民族文化主要表现为民族的文字文化和语言文化。语言文化,内涵非常复杂,大致说来,就是指以语言文字为载体的精神遗产,具体表现为两种类别,即文学和典籍。因此,提高学生的语文素养,非常关键的一点就是加强文学和典籍方面的修养,这是把语言文字包含的文化素养转化为学生的文化素养的必由之路。但问题又在于人的文学方面的修养和典籍方面的修养是内隐的,不像人的言语交际能力,是外化的,对象化的,可以通过一个外在的表现来进行评价。也正是由于不易检测评价的原因,文学方面修养和典籍方面修养的培养在实际的语文教学中长期不受重视。而旧有的应试教育体系和语文考试模式,更为“不考就不教不学”的功利主义不断滋长和蔓延推波助澜,它的直接负面作用就是导致学生少读经典,甚至不读经典。这对语文教育来说,真是致命的一击。
一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来,英语说明文与其它文体一样,文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面,即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。
1. Who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁?(即所要说明和描述的人或事物)
2. What:问的是主体做了什么事情?(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)
3. When和Where:是在何时何地发生的`?(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途)
4. How:通过什么方式表现出来的?
5. Why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么?
做说明文阅读阅读的时候,一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读,边搜记,牢记要点,把握全文。
二.说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说,高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种:
1. 细节理解题
说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y、Second(1y、Third(1yFinally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证,这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导,命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、
相反的比较、偷换对象的比较,经常出现在干扰项中,考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较,才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等,命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。
细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处,只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同,而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。
2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律,事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白,因此学术性强的生词较多,所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文,分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的,并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象,这类题目常以 it,they,them 等代词为命题点,因此考生要根据上下文语境,认真阅读原文,分析动作转换背景,弄清动作不同执行者,以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。
3. 主旨理解题
说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major
surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干,掌握问题的类型,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。
4. 判断推理题。
这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2 The author suggests that...(3 The story implies that…(4 Which point of view may the author agree to?(5 From the passage we can conclude that...(6 The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的,它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系,文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义,考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题,这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点,要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文,并对照原文介绍的情况,弄清图示的差异,根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如:动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题,考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断,了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具,是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。
观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有"What was the author?s attitude towards ...?" 等。
【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
【问题设计】
According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause "desertification"?
A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.
C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.
Dear Mr. President,
My name is Li Ming, a sophomore majoring in International Trade. Having learned and lived on campus for nearly two years, I have found university life most exciting and instructive.
What happens around me every day has left a deep impression on me, but what strikes me most is the canteen service on campus, so that for some time I have had the keen desire to write to you, sharing with you my positive comments on and negative feelings about it. On the one hand, we are happy to see that the canteen staff has been sparing no efforts to guarantee food quality. As a result, we are relieved from the anxiety that some food might be dirty, stale and inedible. We also feel contented with the service provided by the canteen, enjoying food in a homely atmosphere. On the other hand, improvements should be made for the simple reason that prices for dishes are unreasonably high, and that the canteen is not spacious enough and too noisy at times.
Therefore, to improve the overall service of the canteen the strengths should be encouraged, while the weaknesses ought to be overcome by lowering prices and expanding the canteen if possible.
Dear Headmaster,
I am very glad to write to you. These days we are talking about how to make our school more beautiful. Here are some of my suggestions.
First, a library with a lot of interesting books in it should be built, so that we can read in our spare time every day. Second, we expect our own dancing hall and piano room. Many of us like dancing, and some are even good at playing the piano. Third, we dream of having a playing-field with many flowers and green trees around. We can exercise there every day to make our body strong. Finally, I suggest teachers in our school organize more colorful after-class activities for students.
In a word, I hope our school will attract more visitors and I wish her a good future.
Thanks for your reading!
Yours sincerely,
Liu Yu
这本书花了我300元。
I spent 300 yuan on the book.
I paid 300 yuan for the book.
The price of the book is 300 yuan.
It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.
我不懂什么英语,李明也不懂。
I don’t know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming.
I know no more English than Li Ming does.
I know as little English as Li Ming does.
一到家,我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。
On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
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