不知妈妈又是从哪张可恶报纸上看到,说吃枸杞芽对视力有帮助。于是家里又立即以迅雷不及掩耳之势掀起了一阵“枸杞热”。
这东西要是什么一般菜嘛倒也没什么,可是那苦劲简直和黄连一模一样;这东西要是可以放点糖嘛倒也没什么,可是妈妈却说不加糖效果才好;这东西要是偶尔吃一次嘛倒也没什么,可是妈妈又说了,要像吃药一样日日吃,月月吃,年年吃!
早上一碗枸杞芽面,中午一碗枸杞芽汤,晚上一碗炒枸杞芽,我越吃越恶心,一见到枸杞芽,就想上去把它踩个稀巴烂。
今天,妈妈又陪我吃枸杞芽了,而且吃得比我还多,看着她那吃得津津有味样子,我忍不住问:“你怎么这么爱这东西?”妈妈拧着眉毛,使劲咽下一口,然后猛扒了一口饭说:“我才不爱吃呢!”我更加不解了,忙问:“你不爱吃,还吃得这么带劲?”“只不过怕我不以身作则,你要提意见而已。”妈妈信口说道。
突然,她好像意识到了什么似,闭上了嘴,良久才说:“吃枸杞芽好处很多,这点苦算什么,我才不怕呢”!说完她又夹起一大筷枸杞芽塞进嘴里,这时她眉毛没有皱,脸上甚至还露出丝丝笑容,仿佛在品尝人间最美味食物。我愣住了,心里“咯噔”了一下,随即便什么都明白了。
我夹起一大筷枸杞芽,咀嚼着,品尝着这苦苦味道,这母爱味道。
阅读本书的另一个好处,是能够解决很多长久困扰我们的谜团。比方说为什么今天的我们买东西要说买“东西”,而不是买“南北”?再比方说当年我们读《卖炭翁》,为什么“牛困人饥日已高”,偏偏不进门吃饭,而是在“市南门外泥中歇”?还比方说李白《静夜思》的床,究竟是胡床还是唐代以后的卧床?
也只有了解到唐代长安城格局,我们才会发现《舌尖上的中国3》中所说,回坊最早建立于唐代的说法有多么不可信。
书中以小见大,把彼时的许多细节拆开来讲,让我们认识到历史车轮不断向前之下,那些被忽略的知识,甚至改变的常识。也只有重新梳理对尘封往事的认知,才有机会更好的理解过去,理解隋唐,理解大唐气息下的点点滴滴。
书中引用了王梵志等人的诗作,借故事来反推当时人的想法。比方说新嫁娘3日之后调试羹汤要先让小姑子尝尝,别让婆婆不开心,比方说买药去哪里,如何配,如何利用宗教迷信麻醉并靠神佛保佑等等。从中我们不难发现历史局限之下,普通民众对美好生活的向往。
我们这里所说的“日常生活”主要指“衣食住行”,即最基本最日常的生活。其他如婚丧嫁娶等虽很重要但非“日常”,目前不在我们的研究范围内。
韩愈“障百川而东之,回狂澜于既倒”,是唐代振兴儒学的重要人物。在那篇重新归纳提炼儒家学说的名篇《原道》中,韩愈除举出儒家在仁、义、道、德、文、法、民、位几方面的规定外,又指出“先王之教”,“其服麻丝,其居宫室,其食粟米果蔬鱼肉”,将衣食住纳入了儒家学说范畴,或者反过来说他认为儒家学说应该包括衣食住等内容,儒家思想应该贯彻到日常生活中去。由此可见韩愈对衣食住行的重视。所以韩愈在反对佛道二家时,也主张恢复僧侣道士的宗教生活为儒家提倡的正常的日常生活,所谓“庐其居”、所谓“使吏卒脱道士冠,给冠带”即是如此。韩愈甚至说,即使“佛”本人真的来到唐朝,皇帝对他也“不过宣政一见、礼宾一设、赐衣一袭、卫而出之于境”,待遇与对一般外国宾客相同,而这待遇实际就是朝廷礼仪在衣食住行方面的表现。
从儒家观点出发,韩愈主张生活上遵循常理,反对神鬼禁忌。比如在饮食方面,他批评那些相信服食的人,说“五谷三牲,盐醯果蔬,人所常御。人相厚勉,必曰强食。今惑者皆曰,五谷令人夭,不能无食,当务减节。盐醯以济百味,豚鱼鸡三者,古以养老。反曰是皆***人,不可食。一筵之馔,禁忌十常不食二三。不信常道,而务鬼神”。他又拿自己和伯兄相比较,说“伯兄德行高,晓方药,食必视《本草》,年止于四十二。某疏愚,食不择禁忌,位为侍郎,年出伯兄十五岁矣”,表现了一种务实不务怪的生活态度。
一般而言,韩愈不太追求物质享受。这一点有别于其他文人型官员。在韩愈看来,只要日常能够度日,妻子儿女能够不受贫寒就可以了。比起生活的舒适来,他更追求自己志向的实现。他曾在《与卫中行书》中说自己在徐州的日子,“比之前时,丰约百倍。足下视吾饮食衣服亦有异乎?然则仆之心或不为此汲汲也。其所不忘于仕进者,亦将小行乎其志耳”。这种生活态度使韩愈不去追求钱财的积累,而宁愿拿出一二十万钱去资助学生或捐款修庙。与此相对应,韩愈很看不惯豪家子弟的生活方式,对学官中的“豪家子”和长安的“众富儿”都表示过不满(详后),对“刮磨豪习”的宗室则予以表彰。这种生活态度甚至影响了他的交友。于是我们看到,韩愈最好的朋友都是一些能文然而比较贫穷的人。
韩愈对生活总的说又取一种比较严谨的态度,对他人对家庭也都比较负责任。元和十五年(820年)韩愈量移袁州。袁州属江南西道,在治所南昌有一座名闻遐迩的滕王阁。韩愈年青时就“闻江南多临观之美,而滕王阁独为第一”。这次成为江南西道治内的一州刺史,本来完全可以找个理由去南昌一趟,看看这一名楼,但由于“吾州乃无一事可假而行者,又安得舍己所事以勤馆人?则滕王阁又无因而至焉矣”。这就是韩愈的一种不以私利而破公制和不假公事以遂私愿的态度。韩愈还特别反对那些不愿为他人为家庭负责的人。他曾经碰到过一个“圬者王承福”。此人不肯娶妻生子,嫌这样做太劳心劳力。韩愈批评他是“其自为也过多,其为人也过少”,说“夫人以有家为劳心,不肯一动其心,以畜其妻子,其肯劳其心以为人乎哉”。韩愈不仅对家庭负责,就是对自己的亲戚朋友,也常常给予许多真诚的帮助。所以皇甫湜在《韩文公神道碑》中说韩愈“内外茕弱悉抚之,一亲以仁。使男有官,女有从,而不啻于己生。交于人,已而我负终不计,死则庀其家,均食剖资与人,故虽微弱,待之如贤戚。人诟笑之,愈笃”。这种生活态度是韩愈真诚助人性情的体现,但同时也使他的生活总是处于一种相对较低的水平。
Dear Xiao Wang,
I’m very glad to learn that you’re going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy every minute here.
I have arranged our schedule for the holiday as follows. On the first day you arrive, I’ll show you around our campus. On the second day, we’ll visit the art gallery and the music hall. Next day, we’ll climb a hill in the northeastern part of the city. On the top of the hill, we can have a wonderful bird’s eye view of the city. During the next three days, we’ll make some short trips to some places of interest nearby, such as the Swan Cave, the Golden Lake, etc. On the last day, I’ll see you off at the railway station.
Please remember to call and tell me your train number and time of arrival so that I can meet you at the railway station. By the way, it’s very hot here and we have a lot of sunshine, so don’t forget to wear you sunglasses.
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Zhang Ying
Dear Family,
You must be greatly surprised when you get this letter, not from anyone else but from your dearest son, since I have never written a letter for ages in such a traditional way. The purpose of my writing is not so much to express my gratitude for bringing me up, as it is to tell you something about my college life.
It has been more than two years since I started my college life and I have adapted myself to the new environment here, even though at the very beginning, I was not quite used to it. My classmates are pretty friendly and they offer to help me whenever need be, which is really precious for me. My teachers tell me the differences between college life and high school life and give me some necessary advice on how to learn in college. Because of their kind-hearted help, I learn to know the importance of cooperation and communications between each other, especially when in Group work.
In the past several months, I have been busy preparing for TEM 4.Therefore, most of the time, I stayed at school and seldom kept in touch with you; I should have been ashamed of this. But now it is completely finished, and I will never do that again. In my spare time, I usually go to play basketball to keep fit since you always ask me to practice more to keep healthy. What is more, I like to go to the English Corner to practice my spoken English in order to improve my oral English level, which is of importance as English major.
Finally, I would like to specially thank you for providing me the best education and experience. Without your support and understanding, it wouldn't be the same. In regard to the future, I will make every effort to study for my degree and make the dreams I had envisioned come true.
Take good care of yourselves as you have asked me to.
Best regards,
Jay
5,3
诚如本书开篇序言中所写,今天我们关注的历史,更多是帝王将相的历史,而非普通人的历史。我们在乎统治者和统治阶级,多于普通民众的日成生活。也正是如此,才让我们片面化得误读了历史,曲解了过去,进而催生出无数狗血的穿越题材影视文学作品。
如果我们能够更好的了解过去,了解古人真实的生活细节,那我们就不会被于正那样的二货导演带沟里。于赓哲先生新书《隋唐人的日常生活》为我们揭开了隋唐之际普通人生活的神秘面纱,让我们穿越千年,设身处地了解当时人们的所见、所闻、所想。
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