技術试验在《通用技术课程标准》中占据了重要地位,这是因为它是一种重要的技术方法并具有巨大的教育价值。技术试验除了对技术活动本身具有不可缺少的重要价值外,还存在不可忽视的巨大教育价值。发掘技术试验活动的教育价值,是落实和实现通用技术中情感、态度和价值观目标的重要方面。
技术试验在教材中占有了相当重要的地位,教材中为此专门设置了“技术试验及其方法”一节和众多的“试验栏目”。通过学生经历这些试验活动,参与动手实践,培养他们的不断探究精神,体验解决技术问题的艰辛和感受获得成功的愉悦,养成百折不挠的意志和品质,培养实事求是、精益求精的态度。
在技术试验教学过程中,首先要激发学生对技术的好奇、爱好和追求,勇于不断提出“为什么”、“做什么”、“怎么做”,学生才能积极而主动地参与到技术试验活动中。要明确试验的目的和要求,了解试验的基本步骤,提醒学生在试验过程中要主动地进行观察。最后,要求学生以实事求是的态度写出简单的技术测试和技术试验报告。
在教学中,如何对待学生的试验失败、如何评价试验失败,成为教学中经常碰到的问题。要认识技术试验失败经常可能发生,引导学生认真分析试验中的失败原因,从中吸取教训,增长知识和技能,使其成为成功之母,并经历失败的磨练,培养良好的意志和品质。
Nowadays,thanks to the reform and opening-up policy, great changes have taken place in countryside. Now let me introduce some changes in details.
如今,由于改革开放政策,在农村发生了巨大变化。现在让我介绍一些具体的变化。
Inthe past, farmers used to live in the huts which were in poor quality. Theywould be destroyed easily in the heavy storm. But nowadays, most farmers havetheir own houses and flats. Some houses are even bigger and more marvelous thanthe ones in the city.
过去,农民们常常住在质量差的小屋。这样的小屋在暴雨中很容易会被破坏。但如今,大多数农民都有自己的房子和公寓。有些房子甚至比城市里的更大、更不可思议。
Inthe past, farmers usually starved to death in disasters, because they hadnothing to eat. But nowadays, farmers can plant many corps to live with or sellthem. No wonder that most of them are wealthy.
在过去,农民通常饿死在灾难中,因为他们没有东西可以吃。但现在,农民可以种植很多庄稼来维持生活或者拿来出售。难怪大部分都是富有的。
Inthe past, farmers were hardly to see the outside world, since they had to trampover the mountains if they wanted to go out. But nowadays, many high ways andtunnels have been built, so it’s convenient for them to go out. Moreover, mostfarmers also have their private cars. Therefore, they can go anywhere theylike.
在过去,农民们很难看看外面的世界,因为如果他们想出去的话,他们不得不徒步翻山越岭。但现在,建立了很多高速公路、隧道,人们出去是很方便的。此外,大多数的农民也有自己的私家车。因此,他们可以去任何他们喜欢的地方。
Inthe past, farmers always suffered from the diseases, because there was nodoctor at all. But nowadays, many hospitals have come into being in countryside, so they can be cured in time.
在过去,农民经常遭受病痛,因为根本就没有医生。但如今,在农村里也有很多医院了,所以他们可以及时得到治愈。
Inthe past, it was difficult for children to study in countryside. Butnowadays, as there are so many schools in countryside, more and morechildren can get a better education.
在过去,农村的孩子很难去上学。但现在,因为在农村有很多学校,越来越多的孩子可以得到更好的教育。
Whata wonderful life in countryside. Maybe countryside will be morethriving than the city in the near future.
在农村的生活是多么美好啊。也许在不久的将来农村会比城市更加繁荣。
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting, playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
通用技术教学与职业技术教学的不同之处,在于它十分重视一般技术思想和方法教学。一般的技术思想和方法可以迁移到不同的技术类别中去运用,甚至可以迁移到其他领域。技术的思想和方法是通用技术课程的精髓,有利于提高学生的技术素养,它为学生打开技术大门提供了一把钥匙,有益于学生的终身发展。
在技术与设计教学中,一般的技术方法主要有:技术设计的一般过程方法、模型的方法和技术试验方法。在必修教材中技术设计一般过程的编写采用了“先总—后分—再总”和循序渐进、逐步深入的教学策略,所以在教学中要正确领会编写意图,把握教学要求,合理分配教学时间,避免急于求成或一些没有必要的重复。
Take your time
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body. But our human being's transportation is too fast. The body moves but the soul is left behind. We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul. Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline. But the time saved can't be shorten. Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family. We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life. In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness.
Take your time, please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock. Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness. Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society.Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life.
There are a small number of people called “the moonlight clan” in our society, who always run out of their income each month and have no plan to save money. Concerning with this kind of consumption conception, some consider it as a fashion while other oppose it.
在我们的社会中有一小部分人叫“月光族”,他们每个月总是没有钱剩余也没有存钱的计划。关于这种消费观念,有人认为是时尚而其他则持反对态度。
Those who are in favor of this kind of consumption conception point out that being moonlight clan let them have more chances to enjoy lives and live in a high-quality life. However, the opponents argue that it is not a kind of rational conception because those called “the moonlight clan” may have no ability to cope with their rainy day. In addition, this kind of consumption habit put a premium on extravagance and waste to some extent.
那些支持这种消费观念的人指出成为月光族让他们有更多的机会享受生活,过高质量的生活。然而,反对者则认为那不是理性的概念,因为那些所谓的“月光族”在他们低迷的时候可能没有能力应付。此外,这种消费习惯在某种程度上形成了奢侈浪费。
Taking the two opinions into consideration, I am inclined to agree with the latter one. From my point of view, the life of the moonlight clan is more luxurious or high-quality but they may be lack of sense of security, especially in their rainy day. Therefore, I still advocate that all of us should keep some money at any time so that we will not be too difficult in our rainy day.
考虑到以上两个观点,我倾向于同意后者。从我的角度来看,月光族的生活更豪华或质量更高但是他们也许会缺乏安全感,尤其是低迷的时候。因此,我仍然认为我们所有人在任何时候都应该存一些钱,这样在困难的时候就不会过得太艰辛。
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