1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
一直试图去认认真真地看一次夕阳,可总是半途而废。
尽管乐于在六楼的阳台上痴痴遥望西方橘色的天幕,我却从未真正目睹过那一如梦的壮烈,无声的颓败。它总是被打断,留给记忆些许破碎的镜头,供我臆想。
我的夕阳只属于城市角落的黄昏。
偌大的石头森林中,繁忙的身影充斥着每一个角落,却总会有人停下脚步抬头凝望一块房地产广告牌――只因那一片宁静祥和的夕阳、白鹭、别墅、湖泊。驻足者的心头在编织一个闲云野鹤生活的梦吗?我是城市里的追梦者,却常常只能提一下沉甸甸的书包,在脑中冒出《飘》中郝思嘉的一句话:“这不是我今天想的,我明天再想它。”可是明天还有多少天?
别墅是城市人梦中的奢侈,夕阳生活不是。
幸福的人不一定在看夕阳,但看夕阳的一定会幸福。因为夕阳昭示着自然对生命真谛的诠释,把它用温柔的光线演绎到极美的境界,再洒向落日下的你我心头,照亮一片天地。
即使是黄昏的最后一缕残阳,也要发出奇灿无比的霞光,照亮天,照亮无数片云。
没有看过夕阳下的青山和那一点点被黛色边缘吞噬的残阳,却看过夕阳下的高楼和那缓缓被座座方方正正的钢筋混凝土身躯掩映不见的落日。尽管青山绵延、高楼耸立,青山温情、高楼冷漠,但夕阳依然执着地抛洒最后的光芒,再无怨地在一双眼睛中失去色彩和影像。六楼的我,也只能揉揉眼睛,在回屋前再望一眼泛紫的天空和楼房无比清晰的轮廓。
弥留之际献上最辉煌的舞蹈,以古老而确凿的姿势被定格在完美的瞬间。于是,灿烂在人们心中铸成了夕阳的永恒。
相信生命是有轮回的,就像永无休止的日升日落一样。不是唯心主义的我对生命的这种看法仅为缓和对死亡的恐惧,为自己多留一点借口与希望。花开花谢,日升日落,云卷云舒,看了太多这样的词,我对于轮回的理解也仅限于那首耳熟能详的歌里所唱:太阳下山明朝依旧爬上来,花儿谢了明年还是一样开。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
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