初中英语作文时间管理八十字【一】
知识管理是一种有意的策略，以促使合适的人适时地获得适当的知识，并协助人们分享信息以及展开行动，增进组织效能。知识管理是个不断螺旋循环的复杂过程，涉及了知识的收集、组织、分享、调适、使用、创新等。英语学习策略的知识管理可遵循以下步骤：
（一）学习策略知识的收集
学习策略是个人长期积累而来的、智能、秘诀等，是一种体验性知识，难以从外表察觉，属于高度个人化的隐性知识。知识管理的第一步就是要收集、确认学生使用的各种各样的英语学习策略。这个过程其实就是将隐性的学习策略知识转化为显性知识的过程。要收集真实可行的学习策略，教师可以通过问卷调查、行动研究、直接观察法、访谈法、自我反省等方法，了解学生在不同的情境或学习任务下，会使用哪些学习策略；也可以在学生实际执行某项学习任务时，要求他们边做边说出整个认知历程，以分析他们所使用的学习策略（有声思考法）；或者采用同侪教导法，即在成绩好的同学教导成绩差的同学或高年级学生教导低年级学生时，记录整个过程下来，从所教内容推知其所拥有的学习策略。
（二）学习策略的整理和归类
收集到学习策略知识后，应对其进行整理和归类。首先要对所收集到的学习策略加以分析，判断和筛选出有价值的策略以便传递和共享，并根据学习策略的类型加以归类。例如，可以借鉴学习策略研究专家Oxford对英语学习策略的分类[61：
（1）记忆策略（Memorystrategies）：帮助学生存取信息；
（2）认知策略（Cognitivestrateiges）：用于学习语言活动中，包括学习者如何接受语言材料、如何组织语言知识、如何理解语言结构、如何提高语言操作的技能等；
（3）补偿策略（Compensationstrategies）：使学生在自身语言知识不足的情况下仍然能够进行交流，例如利用非语言线索猜测意思、用同义词替代或迂回解释表达等；
（4）元认知策略（Metaeognitivestrategies）：用于对自己学习策略的使用进行评价、管理和监控；
（5）情感策略（Afectivestrategies）：帮助学生控制自己的情绪、动机、态度，保持信心；
（6）社交策略（Socialstrate．iges）：使学生为了争取更多的交际机会、维持交际以提高交际效果而采取的各种策略。
（三）学习策略知识的保存
整理和归类的过程是将显性知识转化为更为复杂或更为系统化显性知识的过程，然后需要再将这种形成团体共识的知识加以外显化，成为具体、明确且可有效使用的组织知识，这就是知识的保存。学习策略知识的保存方法有两种：一种是制作成学习策略使用手册，这种保存方式简便易行；另一种是运用信息科技，将知识编码，储存在计算机数据库中，并创建网页提供在线学习，这种方式能突破时空限制，便于检索，并能提供即时反馈。
（四）学习策略知识的传播与共享
知识管理所面临的最大挑战在于促进组织更有效地分享隐性知识。唯有通过密切的交流与分享，知识才能充分获得发展并发挥最大价值，进而提高学习成效。学习策略的传播方式主要有四种：直接训练、经验总结与分享、同侪教导、个别诊断与辅导的动态评价（主要是针对个别学生，先进行问题诊断再接学习辅导）。其中，第一种途径最为普遍。
直接进行策略训练常用的方法包括：讲座与讨论、讲习班、将策略编人教科书中、基于策略的英语教学，也可以将策略训练融人课堂教学中去。不少研究发现，策略训练能弥补学生因认知能力的不足而造成对学习的不利影响，当学生再次遇到类似学习任务时，就知道如何应用，也能获得较佳的学习效果。因此专家建议，学习策略的教学应采取直接教授为佳。要在课堂上渗透英语学习策略，教师可以采用隐藏式训练方式，即通过设计好的.材料和活动训练学生使用某策略。例如，通过完成课本中的练习，学生在学习中自行确定、模仿和自我评估诸如自我监控、记}乙、合作等各种学习策略。这样，策略训练就与常规课堂教学有机地结合在—起。教师也可以在学习过程中对某一策略进行详细解说，让学生辨析策略的使用，并示范如何将该策略应用于不同的学习情境，同时系统地给学生提供练习和自我评估的机会，让他们能将所接收到的知识加以组合与理解。下表以Ofxord归纳的六种学习策略为例，举例说明了这些策略在英语的听、说、读、写各项教学活动中可进行的训练方式。当然，根据学生所处的不同学习阶段和各自特点，教师可有选择地进行策略训练。随着学习策略训练时间的增加，学生的策略意识逐渐提高，就会发展出成功组织和进行自主学习的技巧“。他们对学习策略越熟练，就越能将学习策略加以迁移到新的学习情境。这样，教师在学生学习过程中所扮演的角色会逐渐减轻，而学生的学习责任则会日渐加重，符合现今“以学习者为中心”的教育潮流。
（五）学习策略知识的创新
知识管理的最终目的是知识的变革与创新，唯有将知识创新融入到教育中，教育才能持续发展与革新。要实现学习策略的创新，一方面在直接训练或分享他人经验的基础上，学生通常能创造出新的策略知识，而这些知识又能成为下一轮收集的对象。整个流程是一个周而复始的动态循环过程。另一方面，教师之间也可以进行知识的分享与合作，捕捉实际授课过程中激发的创意，发现新的适用的学习策略。就这样，新的知识又被创造出来，继而加以传播和分享，应用于实际的教学内容与情境之中，促使全体学生不断提高学习效益。
初中英语作文时间管理八十字【二】
Take your time
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body. But our human being's transportation is too fast. The body moves but the soul is left behind. We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul. Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline. But the time saved can't be shorten. Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family. We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life. In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness.
Take your time, please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock. Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness. Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society.Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life.
初中英语作文时间管理八十字【三】
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in study or job.
初中英语作文时间管理八十字【四】
I tried my best to calm down for a long time. Then I went to the platform to begin my prepared speech.
I felt my brain was blank when I was having my speech.
Before the election, I was confident for this position, but I still so nervous when I was in the platform. Thanks for preparing in advance; otherwise, I must be embarrassed. But the result was what I want. It’s a happy thing.
今天，我们班竞选班长了。`我成为了新的\'班长。我很高兴，不过我现在仍然很紧张。竞选开始的时候，我好紧张，我都可以听到我的心怦怦跳了。我努力了很长一段时间才平静下来。然后我才走向讲台开始我已经准备好的演讲。在演讲的时候，我觉得我的大脑一片空白。在竞选之前，我对这一职位是很有信心，但当我站在讲台上时还是很紧张。幸好提前准备了；否则，我肯定很难堪。不过结果却是我想要的。这是一件值得开心的事
初中英语作文时间管理八十字【五】
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting, playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
初中英语作文时间管理八十字【六】
organizations
who are managers
A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
How do we define who managers are
we have first-line managers, the lowest level of management ,manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization’s products or servicing the organization’s customers. First-line managers often have the title of supervisor, but they may also called shift managers, district managers, department managers, office managers, or even foreperson. middle managers include all levels of management between the first level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as regional manager, project leader, plant manager, or division manager. At or near the upper levels of the organizational structure are the top managers, who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairperson.
what is management
management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.
Effectiveness is often described as doing things right, that is, not wasting resources.
what do managers do
management researchers have, after many years of study, developed three specific categorization schemes to describe what managers do: functions, roles, and skills. management functions
Planning: managers define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
organizing: managers are responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals.
Leading: managers motivate subordinate, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues.
controlling: managers have to monitor, compare and correct everything that is deviating. management roles
The term management roles refers to specific categories of managerial behavior.
Interpersonal roles are roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison.
Informational roles involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information. The three informational roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.
Decisional roles entail making decisions or choices. The four decisional roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
management skills
Technical skills are the job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform specific tasks. These skills tend to be more important for lower-level managers because they typically are managing employees who are suing tools and techniques to produce the organization’s products or service the organization’s customers.
Human skills involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. Because managers deal directly with people, these skills are essential and equally important at all levels of management.
conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers must see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.
How the manager’s job is changing
what is an organization
An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
Becoming a manager
1． Keep up with current business news.
2． Read books about good and bad examples of managing.
3． Remember that one of the things good managers do is discover what is unique about each
person and capitalize on it.
4． Keep in mind the simple advice of the late Peter Drucker, who has been called the most
influential management thinker of the twentieth century: management is about people.
5． work on your soft skills—work ethic, communications, information gathering, and people
skills. These are what employers cite as the most important factors for getting jobs.
6． observe managers and how they handle people and situations.
7． Talk actual managers about their experiences—good and bad.
8． Get experience in managing by taking on leadership roles in student organizations.
9． Start thinking about whether you’d enjoy being a manager.
初中英语作文时间管理八十字【七】
史蒂芬·霍金这本《时间简史》中，伟大的科学家们在继承前人的基础上努力创新，从而不断地推动科学的发展。正是这种创新精神，才使得人类社会不断地向前迈进。马尔滕曾经说过：水不流动，必至污浊。同样，一切事业，假使当事者不常留意改进，改良，努力着创新，最终是准会落伍，失败的，所以说，创新是发展的不竭动力。
孔子的因材施教，还是当前的以学生为主的教学方法，都为社会培养了大批人才。这些，不管在哪一行，无不都充分体现着创新的力量，揭示着，创新推动着整个社会的发展。
也许有人会说：“那都是伟人所做的大事，跟我没有关系呀”。那你就错啦。我们的日常生活中也都离不开创新。当有的同学发现擦黑板时有灰尘，于是发明了一个新的黑板擦。当有的同学发现考试时铅笔容易坏，于是发明了自动铅笔。这些例子无一不证明着在日常生活中我们也离不开创新。
不仅个人需要创新能力，而且整个国家、企业也需要创新意识。因为只有创新才可以发展，只有发展，才可以屹立世界民族之巅。
我们不妨回头看看，当年清朝的闭关锁国，缺乏创新使中国被其它国家蹂躏，使国家落后，也正是新中国的改革开放的创新意识，让中国重新回到世界民主的发展大潮中去。细细数来，方正集团的汉字激光照排系统已经成为世界领先技术，神舟七号的发射成功，龙蕊1号CPU的研制成功，还有袁隆平的杂交水稻等等，这些创新的技术使中国快速发展，在不久的将来，中国定会位于世界民族之首，而这个成功便是源于我们不断的创新。
创新是后车轮，发展是前车轮，只有创新才能不断推动发展。
初中英语作文时间管理八十字【八】
这本书，“第一推从书”第一辑的一证。霍金教授遨游到外层空间奇异的空间的领域，对遥远的星系.黑洞........大统一理论。他揭示了当时日益鏰涨的宇宙时间的到溯引起人们不安的的的的的得，那宇宙成丝维空气的一种\"没有边境”的宇宙理论取代大爆炸理论和上帝，上帝也许曾经是造万物时主要的推动者，也许因为这许许多多的发现从而渐泛围变，从《时间简史》对我们常应语言表达甚于方程的表达对读者是一本里程碑式的佳书。他出于一个对人类是享有杰出质献者之手，这是一本对知识无限追取之之作，是对时空本质之谜不懈的探讨之作。
霍金的一生是非常富有传奇性的，在科学的成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一，霍金的贡献是在他二十年之久被鲁加雷斌禁锢在轮椅上的情况下做出的，则真正是空前的。
宇宙论是一门既古又年轻的学科，作为宇宙里高等生物的人类不会满足于自身的生存和种族的延续，,一代又一代的炎黄子孙不懈的探索则生存的意义。但是，人类理念的进化是极其缓慢和艰苦的。
这本书中还介绍了牛顿的科学态度：牛顿对绝对位置或被称为绝对空间的存在感觉该到非常的忧虑，因为这和他的绝对上帝的观念不一致：事实上，及使绝对空间的不存在，被蕴含在他的隐律中，他也拒绝接受因为这个非理性的信仰，他受到很多人的严厉批评，最有名的贝克莱主教，他是一位相信所有物质实时，空间和时间都是虚妄的哲学家。当人们将贝克莱的简介告诉著名的约翰博士的时候，他用脚尖踢到一块大石头并大声的说：“我要这样反驳他！”
在20年代天文学家开始观察其它星系中的恒星光谱时，他们发现最奇异的现象：他们和我们的银河系一样具有吸收的特征线族，只是所有的这些线都想光谱的红端移动了同样的量宇宙膨胀的是20世纪最大的智慧革命之一。
科学是一路火苗，点燃无数炎黄子孙对它的好奇。
科学是一盏明灯，引领无数炎黄子孙对它的探求。
热爱科学，科学至上。
