论点是议论文的灵魂,分论点是支撑起这个灵魂的骨架,而论据是议论文的血肉。一个人要丰满多彩,光有灵魂和骨架,没有血肉是不可想象的。同样一篇议论文只有中心论点和分论点是不能称为文章的,它还必须有典型而鲜活的论据。
典型的论据是指能充分反映事物本质,具有代表性的事例与名言。它首先要求真实,切合题旨。其次,选用的论据要弃旧用新,要厚今薄古。有些同学作文,记住几个经典论据,如司马迁、居里夫人、张海迪,变换着角度使用,把它们当做万花油。其实,这些论据就算典型,也不能引人注目。相反,选取人无我有、人有我新的论据说理,使阅卷者在阅读时产生新鲜感,效果会更好。另外,有些同学习惯用古代事例阐述事理,整篇文章未能联系实际,无时代的活水,也不能达到充分说理的目的。最好能引述时尚言论和当前媒体普遍关注的事例辅助说理,加强说理的针对性、时代感,使文章更具说服力。
nowadays, we can see some boys and girls who live in a small world of their own. they bury themselves among books and are proud of themselves. they think that it will make them lose their face if they do housework for they often think themselves very noble.
these young people are wrong. in my opinion every student should have a knowledge of housework. after all, they will have a family of their own, and they should do their part in keeping a good home. boys should also learn to do housework, for what will they do if they remain single? though not all boys remain single,yet they will be very helpful in the family if they know some housework. anyhow they will not lose anything, but, on the contrary, they will gain something useful.
for what i said above, we can find some eamples of our fellow-students studying abroad. all young men do housework as girls do. someone would argue that we can employ servants. this is true.however, what shall we do if the servant leaves us and all things are left to ourselves? we just cannot leave our clothes as they are and let worms and ants eat them up. and what can we do it we go and study in a foreign country where servants are out our means to employ? we must work for ourselves. why not start to learn to do housework now or else it will be too late? everyone should learn to do housework. what do you think about my idea, boys and girls?
结尾是全文内容发展的必然结果,是文章结构的重要组成部分。现代著名作家师陀曾说:写文章不管长短,首先要考虑好结尾。有了结尾,如何开头,中间如何安排,便迎刃而解了。好的结尾当如豹尾,响亮有力,令人警醒,催人奋进。如鲁迅的'《论雷峰塔的倒掉》,结尾只有两个字:活该!短短两字,可谓简洁之至,力透纸背。
其实,文章的结尾有时比开头还重要。由于阅卷者看完结尾后即开始打分,因此,它的好坏还直接影响到阅卷者的评分心理。李渔曾说:篇际之终当以媚语摄魂,使之执卷流连,若难遽别。结尾如有此种效果,整篇文章将增色不少。议论文结尾的写作,要收束全文,突出中心论点;要体现全文结构的紧凑、完整,不能草率收兵,也不能画蛇添足;语言要干脆有力、清音留响,富有启发性和鼓舞性。
It was sunny and very hot today。I got up early and helped my parents cook breakfast。 Then I washed the dishes and cleaned the room。 After a short rest I did my homework in the morning。 In the afternoon I went swimming in the nearest swimming pool with my friends。 It was really cool to swim in such a hot day。 I surfed the internet and read a storybook in the evening。 I really had a busy and interesting day。 今天天气晴朗比较热。 我起得很早,帮父母做早饭。然后我洗碗打扫屋子。休息一会后我上午做作业。 下午我和朋友去我家最近的.游泳池游泳。 在如此炎热的夏天游泳的确很棒。 晚上我上网、看故事书。我今天很忙过得很有趣。
i think students should share some housework with their parents. the reasons are as follows. first, doing some housework can enable the students to have some sense of responsibility. there is a lot of housework in each family. as a member of the family, each one should do his or her share. since a student is a member of the family, undoubtedly, he is of no eception. in the second place, doing some housework can give the student opportunities to get to know his parents better. by doing housework, a student will know how hard it is for his parents to go to work everyday while raising a
family. he will make even greater efforts in his study later on. finally, doing some housework can give the student a chance to do some physicaleercises. since the student has to sit studying most of the time, this is certainly beneficial to his health.in light of the above, i strongly recommend that those who are not in the habit of doing housework start doing some right now. your parents will be pleased and you will learn something from it.
高尔基说过:(开头好像音乐里定调一样,全曲的音调都是它给予的,也是作者花功夫的所在。议论文的开头要讲究短、快、靓。短,即要简捷,最好三两句成段,引入本论。开头短,可避免冗长之赘,而且短句成段,在空间上突出其内容的重要性。快,即入题要快,最好三言两语就点明文章的基本观点或议论的话题。因为评分标准中有中心明确的细则。开篇确定中心,有利于阅卷者按等计分,也有利于作者展开论述,不致出现主旨不清、中途转换论题等作文大忌。靓,即要精彩。这也是传统文论中所说的凤头。精彩的开头,最突出的效果是吸引阅卷者,给阅卷者留下好的印象。文章开头要精彩,多用比喻、类比、排比等修辞引入论点,还可引述名言,讲述寓言故事导入话题。
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