导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
霓虹大街上车水马龙,来往行人神色匆匆,汽车鸣着响亮的喇叭飞驰而过,这城市似乎总有做不完的事。每天两点一线,大脑时时刻刻在高速运转,可每当入了夜,总会想起已故的人和那段慢下来的旧时光。
记忆里的那人似乎还在抱着儿时的我,坐在粗糙木椅上唱曲摇蒲扇,偷偷在我怀里塞个红包说能买颗糖。那时爷爷的大院子里有好多好多的菜,清早起来总会看到爷爷拽着长长的水管听着评戏给它们浇水,橘红色的阳光都被揉进了湿漉漉的泥土。我卷起袖子跑到里面去看那带着晨曦的水珠,揪下一片菜叶再埋到地里,爷爷只是微微地笑着,可是连时光都变慢了。
三月三惊蛰月沿海多蚊虫,咬得我大大小小的包,一路烦躁一路提着小铲一路挠,小杂草故意挂在我裤脚,爷爷挽起衣袖为我涂上绿莹莹好闻的风油精,嘟囔着帮傻笑着的我摘下颗颗草刺。整理罢起身摸摸我的头:“走,妮儿,咱俩吃火烧去。”随后爷爷牵起我的`手,慢慢走出铺着青石板的林间小道。
盛夏的蝉声落了一地,我踩着骄阳的影子蹦蹦跳跳地跑去爷爷的大院,拉着爷爷的衣角央他给我买冰沙。公园门口卖炸串阿婆的保温箱里总是有凉丝丝的冰。阿婆望见我们,大老远就招招手,揭开保温箱的盖子,斟了满满一杯红彤彤的果汁,又舀上一大勺冰递给我。我咬着吸管一下子就喝光了塑料杯里晶莹的汁水,晃着腿坐在大大的树荫下嚼着嘎嘣脆的碎冰渣,看爷爷和阿婆唠着家长里短,偷偷把吃不完的冰倒在墙角的小花上,慢悠悠地晃荡着过完一个暖暖的午后。
公园的小池塘边,爷爷装好鱼竿架起小伞,我照例被爷爷调鱼饵时的香味俘虏,甩出了一道弧线的浮标摇摇晃晃,我就看微风吹皱池水,看浅底几条小鱼游荡,看落在爷爷肩上的温柔阳光,最后提了一尾鲤鱼回家丢进盆里,想着会在奶奶锅里出现的冒着咕嘟咕嘟气泡的鱼汤,舔着嘴唇慢慢溜去找锅子了。
躺在床上的我缓缓睁开眼,无奈想起爷爷已去数载,我已经不能再与爷爷共同享受那段旧时光,只好把这悠悠岁月藏在心间去面对这飞快的世界。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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