Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
“什么残害生命!”狐狸喝道:“我要执行我的使命,对任何危害社会秩序的东西进行惩罚。这些东西一个夏天都在池塘里游个没完,把整个池塘的水都弄脏了,使得我们大家都没有干净的水喝。”
喜鹊说:“就算弄脏了池塘是一个错误,但游水的是鸭子,你怎么抓鸡,鸡什么时候弄脏了池塘呢?”
“抓鸡怎么样!”狐狸争辩说,“鸡的危害更大。每天天还未亮它就大声号叫,闹得大家都不得安宁,难道鸡不更应该受到惩罚吗?”
喜鹊说:“如果鸡啼打搅了你的安宁,啼的也是公鸡,可你抓的`是一只母鸡呀?”
“母鸡更坏!”狐狸说,“它生那么多蛋,孵那么多鸡娃;你没看到,它引着一大群鸡娃,咯咯咯咯,在地里糟踏了那么多庄稼!”
“真有意思,”喜鹊说,“狐狸先生维护社会的秩序,又还关心地里的庄稼!但是,你抓的这只母鸡还很小,它还没有开始下蛋呢!”
“胡说!”狐狸怒道,“它现在没有下蛋,难道它永远不下蛋!反正它迟早会下蛋,会孵鸡娃,我能容许它吗?什么有意思没有意思,你不必在树上吱吱喳喳,吱吱喳喳,有意见到我面前来光明正大地提吧!”
俗话说“巧妇难为无米之炊。”要写好景物描写的文章,就要学会观察,平时积累素材。在具体的习作中,如果打算写某一处的景物,绝不能凭想象,应该深入实地,仔细观察,积累写作素材。在指导学生进行观察时,我们应向学生渗透一些常见的观察顺序:
(一)、选好角度,定点观察。定点观察就是站在一个固定的位置上进行观察事物的方法。运用这种方法,首先要选好合适的观察点,选取恰当的视觉角度,把观察到的景物,限制在某一固定的时间和空间内,对准目标,不变位置依据一定的顺序,然后再从这一点出发进行观察。这种观察法,定点定位直接对准画面,最适宜于典型环境里的自然景物或风俗人情的描写,就好像是摄影拍照的特写镜头一样焦点醒目。运用定点观察之后的定点描写,可以把景物描写得独具特色,个性鲜明,给读者以身临其境的实感,留下深刻的印象。如在《鸟的天堂》中,作者巴金有这样的描述:“我们的船渐渐逼近榕树了,我有机会看清它的真面目,真是一株大榕树,枝***数目不可计数。枝上又生根,有许多根直垂到地上,伸进泥土里。一部分树枝垂到水面,从远处看,就像一株大树卧在水面上一般。”“榕树正是茂盛的时期,它好像在把它的全部生命力展示给我们看。那么多的绿叶,一簇堆在另一簇上面,不留一点缝隙。那翠绿的颜色明亮地照耀着我们的眼睛,似乎每一片树叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动。这么美丽的南国的树。”作者立足在船头,随着船身渐渐逼近的时候,目光集中在大榕树的长势上,定点对大榕树形态的具体观察,看清了这一株奇特的大榕树的真面目,枝干“不可计数”,足见十分茂密;“枝上又生根……直垂到地上,伸进泥土里……卧在水面上一般。”观察了大榕树的整体形象;观察了大榕树与众不同的神态美,“那么多的绿叶”,不是一片片清晰可辨,而是“一簇堆在另一簇上面”。这就是作者自始至终把观察的目光定点在大榕树上,对榕树的枝、叶、根的形状、颜色、位置进行细致观察。然后从外形描写入手,浓墨重彩,逼真地表现出了榕树的勃勃生机。
(二)、移步换景。在进行观察时,观察点不同,观察的角度不同,所看到的情况也就各不相同,得到的感受也就大不一样了。正像北宋诗人苏轼在《题西林壁》一诗写的那样:“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。”因此在指导学生观察时,要让学生使用动点观察法,就是连续移动观察位置,从不同的观察角度,观察同一景物的表现方法。动点观察有两层含义:一是观察点要连续不断地移动;二是移动观察点要有顺序。这种观察法适合观察正在发展变化着的景物。由于作者对景物连续不断深入细致的观察,清清楚楚地了解到了景物各方面的不同形态和色彩,描写起来就得心应手,有话可说了,既可描摹景物的形状,又可显示景物的神采,使景物鲜明地呈现在读者面前。当你来到自己喜欢的一处景点,最好先看看全景,对整体有个初步的印象,然后迈开你轻快的脚步,向前走去,这样随着你脚步的移动,眼中的景物在不断变换,这就是“移步换景”法。如《颐和园》一课,作者就以不同的观察点来描写园中的景色:或立足公园大门,或驻足万寿山下,或站在万寿山上,或立于昆明湖堤岸,描绘的是一副副异彩纷呈的图画.颐和园面积宽广,作者不能一眼就能把景物看完,所以观察点必须移动变化,这样才能细致地描绘出园景。
(三)、抓住描写对象的特点进行观察。虽然每处景物都离不开山和水,离不开花草树木,、虫鱼鸟兽……但是每处景物都有各自不同的特点,就是同一处景物,因季节不同,其特征也不一样。观察时如果抓不住特点,写出来的文章就会千篇一律,无法感染读者。因此,无论是写春花的绚丽,还是写秋叶的\'静美,是写江海的波澜壮阔,还是写小河的潺潺流水,都要认真观察,把握它们的特点,了解景物的全貌,围绕一个中心来写。例如:学校的小花园里,花香与读书声相伴,特点是幽静美丽;操场上有单杠、双杆和篮球场,同学们在锻炼身体,它的特点是热闹。另外有些景物还要一边对比一边观察,才会发现这一事物的与众不同之处。比如,观察树叶,如果不对比,只盯着一种树叶看,你会以为绿就是它的最大特点了,可是一比你就会发现,松叶如针,柳叶如眉,枫叶似鸭掌,这才是它们真正的特点。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
展开想象是神奇的“鲜活剂”。景物大都是静止不动的,如果只是把它们的样子描绘出来,就会显得干巴巴的,空洞无物;如果给它们洒上想象“鲜活剂”,景物就会立刻呈现出生命的活力。例如,在《山中访友》一课中,作者这样描述:“我*在一棵树山,静静地,仿佛自己也是一棵树。我脚下长出的根须,深深扎进泥土和岩层;头发长成树冠,胳膊变成树枝,血液变成树的汁液,在年轮里旋转、流淌。”这是作者走进树林,靠在一棵树上产生的联想。树为人友,人和树已融为一体。这是多么奇妙的一种境界!从这些联想中,我们能真切地感受到作者和树之间的那种“知己”情意,那种走进大自然物我相融的境界。又如:在写作时,当你写了“荷叶在风中摇曳”,紧跟着想到“好像美丽的少女在跳舞。”这样写荷叶就跟读者拉近了距离。当你看到一捆捆稻谷想象到它们就像一个个扎着辫子的姑娘……这样赋予景物以生命,把景物比喻成活生生的人物形象的描写手法,使文章更加形象生动。除了用比喻,还可以运用拟人、夸张、排比等修辞手法,恰当地运用修辞手法可以使景物描写更加细致、生动、引人入胜,给人以美的享受。
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