其实,也是说生涯咨询产生的原因。
来做咨询的人有些是对于职业生涯缺少安全感的,有些是不能对自我产生一致认同的,有些是不能适应当下变化,有些是难以面对未来变化,有些是对于个人的自我实现产生焦虑的,有些是对于生存和成就心怀不安的。而所有这一切表现,有都源于这个时代的职业世界新的发展和变化。
组织越来越无边界,职业形势越来越变化多端,职业任务越来越不确定,战略和结构越来越多变。这个社会是流动的,职业是流动的,组织是流动的,人更是流动的。处于流动中的人,迫切需要更强的安全感来应对这样的变化。这样的安全感来自于一个人内心对于自我的认同,这样的认同是职业生涯中长期积累出来自我认知,来自于自我认识,也来自于外界评价和生涯事件影响。这样的安全感还来自于一个人对于变化环境的适应力,表现为遇到挫折的复原力以及快速学习力。
从这种认同和适应力来说,90后具备更强的安全感,也更容易理解了。因为父母逐渐觉醒的认可意识,90后在成长过程中获得肯定较多,干预较少,他们整体处于一种认同相对一致性的环境中。同时,因为物质相对丰富,有更多接触不同事物的机会,适应性是从小就积累出来的。
也正是从认同与适应力的角度,萨维科斯在这本书中讲到,“在一个不确定的世界,发展技能和才智固然重要,但是这却无法替代一种踏实的自我感。”我对此有强烈共鸣,总有人会说,生涯咨询有什么用呢?不会告诉我最适合做什么,如果来了经济危机,大家都失业了,还不是要看一技之长。我想说,真的不是这样的。技能固然重要,关键还要看是谁在掌握。那种有着强一致的认同感和适应力的人,对于一次经济危机的应对,绝不会比任何一个技艺高手差。与此同时,人们的焦虑并非都来自于物质匮乏和工作机会,这些都是直接来源,所产生的影响并未完全传导出来。此时,人们更加需要生涯咨询解除迷茫,产生更为直接的行动力和乐观态度。
这样不确定的时代产生了一个应对不确定的生涯咨询,这是必然。必然如何实现呢?下周接着说吧,后现代建构的生涯咨询如何发挥作用的。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
对于生涯咨询的理解可以从两个比较概念中了解。一个是职业指导,一个是生涯教育。职业指导基于的是个人特质与职业选择的适配理论,基于的是各种测评量表,基于的是现状表现和所展示出来的特质。生涯教育则是帮助一个人展开对于生涯的认识,提前了解各个生涯阶段,并为下一个阶段做准备。
职业指导追求的是尽快做出一个相对确定的选择,之所以说是确定的,是因为假设可以找到“最合适的”的匹配项、假设所有的特点都是“不容易变动的”、假设个人人格特征是“可以测量的”。于是,这样的选择就可以尽快做出了。这样的生涯辅导方式最适用于初入职场的人,他们正处于角色转变期,需要的不是“准确选项”,所以恰恰需要一个“准确的”开始。这样的选项,会让人不至于纠结,会比较投入,从而可以尽快开始积累最初的职业经历。这正是职业指导的价值。
我也很熟悉生涯教育,我受邀去很多中学做过调研和讲座,我多次强调,在基础教育阶段,不是做一个匹配或者确定的标签,极端一点,任何分类的区分都不要在学生中产生固定的链接。因为,我的基本信念是,处于成长的人有我们所不知道空间和可能,不要因为“专业权威科学”的'标签而抹***了这样的可能性。与此同时,需要传递出去的是生涯的意识和全局视野,进而对青少年的价值观、能力、性格、兴趣等形成产生影响。教育,就是要影响人的,只是这次是生涯视角。
生涯咨询呢?本身不应是知识,不应承载着教育和指导的任务。所以,督导时每每看到有咨询师把咨询做成了一对一培训,都很让我捉急。咨询有沟通的维度,也有关系的维度,整合在一起说,就是在咨询关系中,通过沟通的方式来解决来询者的问题与困惑,满足期待,建构未来。在关系中,咨询师不是教导者,也不是布道者,是一种专业的陪伴,梳理、澄清、直面、建构等等。
说来话长,不要小看对于咨询的理解,这直接决定了咨询领域发展的可能性。
文心同学,看来这件恼人的.事是一场误会,只是当时你没有处理好。
首先,应该等老师把话说完。你当时激动地打断老师的话,不尊重老师,这是不对的。试想,如果你听老师把话说完,自己说话再心平气和一些,结果也许就不是这样。
其次,应该抑制冲动。数学老师“最烦学生上课玩镜子”,你带着怒气反驳太直接,致使师生关系恶化。人非圣贤,孰能无过,老师一时判断失误,也是正常的。
最后,适时说明原委。假若你能在事后跟老师讲明白,或委托一位当事人或班委成员替自己去解释,效果会更好,这样就能避免不应有的误解。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
Dear Sir or Madam:
I read with great interest the information of graduate studies in your university. I am particularly interested in the course of business law. I am writing to apply for the M.A. course of business law beginning in October, 2003. I am a student of the Law School of ABC University where I have had four years' study of civil law, criminal law, administrative law, environmental law, constitutional law, business law and many other subjects. During those four years in college, I have passed all the required courses of study with satisfactory marks. Enclosed herewith is a certified copy of my academic report form the department concerned. You will notice that I obtained very excellent results in business law. I have always found business law an interesting subject. I would like to further my study in this field at your prestigious university. I therefore request more detailed information for the course. Thank you in advance for your prompt attention to this. I look forward to hearing from you.
方向:对于这部分,你被允许30分钟写约150字。写在一个大学法律系的一封信申请硕士课程商法。
亲爱的先生或女士:
我以极大的兴趣读研究生的信息在您的大学。我特别感兴趣的课程,商业法。我写申请硕士课程商法在十月开始,2003。我是一个学生的法学院的ABC大学,我有四年的.民事法律,研究刑法,行政法,环境法,宪法,法律和其他学科。在大学的这四年,我通过了所有的必修课程满意的痕迹的研究。随信附上我的学术报告有关部门的核证副本。你会发现,我得到了非常优异的成绩在商业法。我一直觉得商业法的一个有趣的话题。我想继续我的研究在这一领域你的声望的大学。因此我要求更详细的课程资料。谢谢您的及时注意这。我期待着你的来信。
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
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