所谓再造想象是指根据对于某种事物的描述,在头脑中再造出这一事物的新形象的过程,即在脑子里“放电影”。在教学中,借助于再造想象,使学生头脑中重现出教材中所说明、描绘的事物,培养、丰富和发挥学生的形象思维,深刻地领会教材内容,牢固地掌握知识,并转化为技能。
初中课本说明文中不乏形象描述的部分。教学中,只要注意引导“观文”、“览物”,带入那些以描写作为说明手段所创造的情境,体验一定的情感,就会由于美的感受而引起兴趣。梁衡的《晋祠》是一篇“发现美,表现美”的优秀说明文。作者把准确说明与生动描写相结合,充分表现了古晋明珠——晋祠的自然美与社会美“浑然一体”的突出特征。讲说时,我注意抓住那些以动写静的动词,引导赏析,带入情景,让每个学生头脑中放映出晋祠。文中写山,用了一个“拥”字,表现其巍巍的气势之美。山拥抱着祠,“一百多座殿堂楼阁和亭台轩榭”的祠,多么壮伟;祠,偎依着山,高大、幽深,景色气候宜人,一年四季魅力无穷的山,何等怡适。文中写树,用了“荫护”一词,表现其苍劲的风骨之美。树,以自己“挑着”的青枝,“如盖”的绿叶,“荫护”着古老的祠,好大的力量;祠,正由于隐身于“托天”、“拔地”的古木荫中,才显得格外的幽静而典雅,这又是多么的美好。文中写水,用了一个“飘”字,表现其柔静之美。晋祠的水多、清、静、柔。作者把水与祠和其他景物连在一起写。水在祠中“穿”、“绕”,祠在水上“飘”着,水面有波,是微微的波;水“带”在流,是静静地流……水中有景,是数以万计的亭台楼阁的倒映之景。可以想象,在那景色如画,“飘带”如“织”的水边游览,移情于物,该是一种何等美妙的享受啊!由于生动的动态描写,本是静止的历史文物“三绝”,也处处给人以动势感,动则生势,势则感人。千百年来,山因祠而名,祠以山而存;苍劲的树,柔静的水,都成了古祠不可分割的部分。这美丽的自然风景,璀璨的`古代文物就是如此动人的“浑然融为一体”!教学此文,由于我引导学生“观文”如同“览物”,使学生如临其境,如见其物,收到了很好的教学效果。学生练习写说明文时,也初步学会运用生动的说明方法。
教学中,借助课文本身的文学因素,将学生引入描述意境,不仅能促进对被说明事物的理解,而且能学到形象生动的说明方法。
Fox is with the grape
Hungry of the fox see the grape to up hang the radiant and extremely keen grape of a string, saliva direct current, and want to pick to eat, but again
Can not take off.See in a short while, helplessly walked, and his side walk the side oneself to comfort to by oneself say:" this grape have noes familiar, affirmative
Is sour."
This is to say, and the some person's ability is small, and do to not accomplish anything, borrow to say the opportune moment immaturity.
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Wolf and egret
The wolf mistake swallowed a piece of bone, very suffered, running about, look for to visit the doctor everywhere.He met the egret, and talk to settle the service fees to invite him to take out the bone, egret to stretch in the wolf's throat the own head, and the 叼 outs bone, then toward to settle the good service fees wolfThe wolf answer says:" hello, friend, you can since the wolf 嘴 take back the head in the peace ground, and the difficult way return the dissatisfied foot, and how and still speak the guerdon?"
This story elucidation, guerdon badly person act charitably, and is a bad person of cognition and does not speak the reputation's innate character.
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Little boy and scorpion son
There is a child in front of city wall to catch the grasshopper, and in a short while caught the lots of.Suddenly see a scorpion son, he to think is also grasshopper,
Then two go to catch him.The scorpion son raises his poison to stab, say:" come, if you really dare to do like this, connect your grasshopper that catch to also would entirely lose."
This story warns people, and want to distinguish the pure good man with the bad person, and distinct to treat them.
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Drop at the fox in the well with the 公 goat
An only the fox take a wrong stepped the well, in spite of how he struggle can not still climb up, and have to be foolish there.The 公 goat feels
Thirsty pole, arrive at this well the side, and see the fox under the well, and then ask him the well water the how about it to drink?The fox feels the opportunity to come, heart inside
The 暗 pleaseds, right away the town quiet down, make every effort the laudation well water good drink, say this water is a world the first spring, pure and sweet and good to eat, and advise the goat to hurry up
Come down, and drink to heart's content with him.A the heart think only of to drink the water letter to think the true goat, then the without stopping to think ground jump downed to go to, and be his 咕咚咕 the 咚 painful
After finishing drinking, have to with the fox together totally the company ascend the well's way.Fox early contain preparation, he to archly say:" I pour to have a
Method.You pick with forepaw on the well wall, again Cape 竖直 , I behind carry on the back to jump up the well to go to from you, and pull you again to come up, we all
Save." the 公 goat agreed his proposal, fox to trample the feet of his empress, and jump he carry top on his back, and then make an effort from the Cape a
Jump, jump outed the mouth of a well.The fox go ups the hereafter, and the preparation alone escape.The 公 goat blames the fox and does not keep the 诺 speech.The fox returns overdo
Say to 公 goat:" hello, friend, beard that you of brains if resemble you are so perfect, you not to the extent of at did not see the pure exit it
Front blindly jump down to go to."
This story elucidation, cleverness of the person should to in advance think it over the affair's result, then just go to do.
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译文:
狐狸和葡萄
饥饿的狐狸看见葡萄架上挂着一串串晶莹剔透的葡萄,口水直流,想要摘下来吃,但又
摘不到。看了一会儿,无可奈何地走了,他边走边自己安慰自己说:“这葡萄没有熟,肯定
是酸的。”
这就是说,有些人能力小,做不成事,就借口说时机未成熟。
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狼与鹭鸶
狼误吞下了一块骨头,十分难受,四处奔走,寻访医生。他遇见了鹭鸶,谈定酬金请他取出骨头,鹭鸶把自己的头伸进狼的喉咙里,叼出了骨头,便向狼要定好的酬金。狼回答说:“喂,朋友,你能从狼嘴里平安无事地收回头来,难道还不满足,怎么还要讲报酬?”
这故事说明,对坏人行善的报酬,就是认识坏人不讲信用的.本质。
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小男孩与蝎子
有个小孩在城墙前捉蚱蜢,一会儿就捉了许多。忽然看见一只蝎子,他以为也是蚱蜢,
便着两手去捕捉他。蝎子举起他的毒刺,说道:“来吧,如果你真敢这样做,就连你捉的蚱蜢也会统统失掉。”
这故事告诫人们,要分辨清好人和坏人,区别对待他们。
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掉在井里的狐狸和公山羊
一只狐狸失足掉到了井里,不论他如何挣扎仍没法爬上去,只好呆在那里。公山羊觉得
口渴极了,来到这井边,看见狐狸在井下,便问他井水好不好喝?狐狸觉得机会来了,心中
暗喜,马上镇静下来,极力赞美井水好喝,说这水是天下第一泉,清甜爽口,并劝山羊赶快
下来,与他痛饮。一心只想喝水信以为真的山羊,便不假思索地跳了下去,当他咕咚咕咚痛
饮完后,就不得不与狐狸一起共商上井的办法。狐狸早有准备,他狡猾地说:“我倒有一个
方法。你用前脚扒在井墙上,再把角竖直了,我从你后背跳上井去,再拉你上来,我们就都
得救了。”公山羊同意了他的提议,狐狸踩着他的后脚,跳到他背上,然后再从角上用力一
跳,跳出了井口。狐狸上去以后,准备独自逃离。公山羊指责狐狸不信守诺言。狐狸回过头
对公山羊说:“喂,朋友,你的头脑如果像你的胡须那样完美,你就不至于在没看清出口之
前就盲目地跳下去。”
这故事说明,聪明的人应当事先考虑清楚事情的结果,然后才去做。
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通过形象思维和逻辑思维,揭示了被说明事物的本质特征之后,说明文的教学任务还没有完成。因为说明文的教学目的不仅要提高学生观察事物、认识事物和读写说明文的能力,而且还要培养学生尊重科学、热爱科学的精神,以适应四化建设的需要。例如前面提到的《中国石拱桥》一课,作者对芦沟桥的桥面装饰作了生动的描绘,“桥面用石板铺砌,两旁有石栏石柱。每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子。这些狮子,有的母子相抱,有的交头接耳,有的像倾听水声,千姿万态,惟妙惟肖”。对石狮子的这种神态逼真、活灵活现的刻画,显示了桥的高度艺术价值,增添了说明的文采,给人以美的享受。这种带解说性的生动、形象的描绘语段,无须多做分析,只要张口诵读,闭目神思,细细品味,便可以想象到作者观桥时的那种喜悦之情,体会到作者作此文时那种对祖国古代灿烂文化和劳动人民的勤劳智慧的赞颂之情。同时,学生对我国劳动人民、科学家、科学事业的热爱景仰之情就会涌上心头,增强民族自豪感,立志为振兴祖国而努力学习。
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