Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
当代中学生是幸福的,我们大多有完整避风港——家,有着爱我们的父母,关心、照顾我们的长辈。我们有一个学习知识的殿堂,有着温柔慈祥的老师,关爱我们的校领导。我们有在学习中竞争,在竞争中成长,在成长中进步,在进步中成功的伙伴们,这是一个成功与友谊筑成的的乐园。如果谁有困难,父母、老师、同学以致社会各界都会伸出援手,帮助渡过难关,让幸福的笑意重新回到他的脸上。我们——当代中学生是幸福的呀!
但当代中学生也是有压力的。大多数同学在学习方面感到很大的压力。据天津师大教育系阴国恩先生等的`《中学生学习负担程度及其心身反应的调查》一文显示,从中学生对自己学习负担的程度评价来看,“非常重”者占有12.5%,较重者占44.8%,适宜者有36.0%,只有5.1%和0.6%的学生觉得学习负担较轻和非常轻。我们每天要面对繁重的课程,繁多的,烦人的习题,以及分数排名升学等各式各样的压力。更有老师的要求、父母的期望、同学的竞争……一切事物如五指山一样压在我们心间。所以有一个个花季少年轻生自***,发生了一起起令人心痛惨剧。唉,我们也“压力山大”呢!
出事必有因,有因才有果,压力与幸福的产生也是具有内外两因的因果关系。
首先是外因,其实党中央,国务院早已要求“减负”,但实质上是明减实加,我们的作业没看少过,学习任务量更别说了,天天呼啦啦一大书包,家长问书包为什么这么重,结果回答还一部分在学校里嘞。外界压力一个比一个多,一个比一个大,甚至连成年人也无法承受这一眼望不到头的压力与负担。
但其实我们也享受了许多外界的幸福 。你看,家长让你丰衣足食,温暖安全,这不是幸福吗?你有这受教育的权利,能学习知识增长见识,长大能有一技之长为国家出力并过上更好的生活,难道这不是幸福吗?老师之所以对你严也是爱你,这当然也是一种幸福,某种意义上来说,有压力也是一种幸福,有压力就有动力,有动力才能前进、进步、接下来也许就会成功。
再说内因,其实压力都是自己给的,自问看看,你自己给了自己多少压力?人不能没有压力,适当的压力会鞭策我们学业进步,没有任何压力的生活是不可想象的;但是太多的压力会让我们感到害怕,难受,厌世等,对生活没有任何好处。并且,压力会让你内心出现一道隔膜,他会阻挡一切积极的情感如幸福感、快乐感、自信心等,更别说自我产生积极情绪了。这隔膜还会让你内心产生自卑、失落、消极等等负面情绪的温床,这对正处心理发育期的中学生极为不利,这会影响我们中学生今后学习、生活以及人生道路。
艺术家罗丹说过:“生活不是缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛”,幸福也一样。幸福如溪水中的金子,有的很小,甚至微不足道,寻找幸福则是溪涧淘金,我们要在细心发现幸福,在心底里积累幸福,品味幸福。这样幸福也会在你内心产生一道保护罩,抵御一切外来的消极情绪,你会获得幸福金块,会让你一辈子受益。
我认为,我们当代中学生有压力有幸福,我们比上一代好得多,更不用说祖辈了,这简直是天壤之别。当然这不是十全十美,我们生活水平高了,父母老师对我们要求更高了,我们的学习压力更大了。当然我们不必担心,因为我们到底怎么样还是在于你个人,在这个幸福与压力并存的世界,我么要辩证的看待它们,有一个良好心态,均衡发展来迎接你未来美妙的人生吧!
教学时引导学生根据图画上的内容,把自已所经历、所了解的生活中有关的人或事,补充到画面中去,填补画面中因时间和空间局限而未表现出来的内容。这些内容不是凭空而来的,而是紧扣画面分析来的。所以,进行联想的依据就是画面本身。
看图作文,图画就是作文材料,看图就成了作文的基础。所以,首先让学生看图画,使之掌握这幅图的主要内容,把文章中心确定下来,然后再作文。怎样指导学生看图呢?首先从整体入手,弄清画面上画的是什么时间,什么地方,都画了些什么,谁在做些什么等,大体了解图意,掌握基本内容;其次,有顺序地对图的每个局部进行观察和分析,明显确人物之间与各部位之间的关系,抓住图画的主要内容;再次,抓住重点和细节,深入观察和想象。
人物的行动要符合生活的本质,符合人物性格发展的逻辑。可以选择具体的、富有特征的行动来显示人物的性格和心理活动。人们的所作所为是其思想和性格的表现,茅盾说:“人物的性格必须通过行动来表现。”比如,施耐庵要塑造武松的性格,就安排了一回“景阳岗武松打虎”,全是写武松怎样“打”,从行动上描写出武松谋略的机智和武艺的高强。
在描写人物行动的时候,还应该注意人物行动的生动性和典型性。所谓生动性,指的是作者不仅要写出人物在做什么,而且要写出他怎样做。所谓典型性,则指的是作者要写出人物为什么这样做,而不那样做。
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
人总是生活在一定的'社会环境中的,人物个性的形成与他所处的环境有关,写好环境对表现人物的性格极为有用。
马克思认为:“人创造环境,同样地,环境也创造人。”茅盾也认为,“人物不得不在一定的环境中活动,因此,作品中就必须写到环境。作品中的环境描写,不论是社会环境或自然环境,都不是可有可无的装饰品,而是密切地联系着人物的思想行动”。 因此写人的记叙文常常需要对环境进行描写。
同学们都知道环境描写分为两类:
(一)自然环境描写,又称景物描写,是对人物活动的自然景物进行的描写。
景物描写的作用主要有:(l写景衬托人物心情;(2写景点明时令、地点;(3写景表现人物关系;(4写景表现人物性格。但进行景物描写,应该注意以下几点:
l、抓住景物特征描写。
2、要选好写景的角度。
3、写景应渗透人物的感情。应该有意识地把作者或人物的思想感情融入到周围的自物景物中去,或者在所写的景物上直接渗透作者的感情。
4、可以采用对比方法写景。如《祝福》的开头与结尾写祝福时的景色气氛,以乐景反衬祥林嫂的悲剧,更增强了作品对旧社会的批判力量。
5、自然景色可以暗喻某种社会环境,如高尔基的《海燕》,茅盾的《雷雨前》。
(二)社会环境描写。从狭义上说,社会环境是指人物活动的处所、背景、氛围等;而从广义上说,是指一定的历史时期的社会生活、人际关系的总和。
社会环境描写应该注意两点:
1、必须具有鲜明的时代色彩。我们所处的时代常常塑造出不同的人物形象,比如很多典型的世纪新人、新新人类,都是在特定的时代背景中产生的。
2、必须具有鲜明的地方特点。以鲁迅的《祝福》为例,文中用了大量的笔墨来描写鲁镇的风情,就给人留下了极为深刻的印象。
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