1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
亲爱的父母:
你们好!光阴似箭,日月如梭,不知不觉,你们已经陪我度过了十二年多的光阴,看着你们饱经风霜的脸庞,心中,突然涌起一种酸涩的滋味。
“慈母手中线,游子身上衣。”孟郊的《游子吟》小时候跟着老师念,只觉得朗朗上口,现在读这首诗,脑海中浮现的,全都是母亲在我身边嘘寒问暖的情景。在我记忆中,从小到大,她都是以我为中心,我微微一笑,她便心花怒放,我一皱眉,她便牵肠挂肚。不论什么时候,我的情绪都能把她牵动,我的任何心思都逃不过她的法眼。她总是说:“有什么事别总闷在心里,可以跟我说,如果不愿意,那我帮你买个笔记本,有什么事就写上去……”或许,这个妈妈不是最好的,但在心里,我的母亲永远是最棒的!
人们都说母爱是这个世界最伟大的爱,那么父爱呢?他不像她善于表达,只会默默把该做的事情做完,然后安安静静的守候在一边,他不会把爱挂在嘴边,只会在不经意间说出自己藏了很久的话;他不像她那么无微不至地关怀着你,只是会在你需要时借给肩膀;他不会花言巧语,但是偶尔流露出的温暖总会让你感动……父爱,就是一切尽在不言中,父爱比山高,比海深,父爱,从来就不比母爱逊色。
或许,在你们眼中,我只是个任性的孩子,但是,我对你们的爱,一点也不比你们对我的爱少。
感谢爸爸,感谢妈妈,当你们的容颜乘着时光列车疾速逝去,你们依然用无声的爱伴随着我成长,滴水之恩,当涌泉相报,但是,当你们给了我整片海洋,我又该如何表达我对你们的爱呢?
爱你们的女儿
dear teacher ,
i am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning english and speaking english.
during these days in your class, i have learned much from you and it is very helpful to me. firstly, you let me know what is the west thinking pattern—straight thinking pattern. and, i think, it is very important to understand the west’s thoughts. as you know, this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. secondly, i have got enough confidence in speaking in english from your class and it took me a long time to gain this confidence. now, i always express my ideas in english as possible as i can. it’s great to do that. the last not the least, i find that learning english is not an boring thing as before and i’m interested in studying english which was just a necessary task to pass examinations. reading, listening or speaking all become interesting and i really enjoy it.
above all, i want to say thanks again to you. and thank you for your time.
good luck ^_^
Dear Miss Wang:
I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your help in my study. Without your help , my study would not be the top three in my class. It was you who always standed by me when I am fall. You pointed my mistakes and told me how to make them right. You always worked tirelessly to train my patience.Your continuous encouragement is my greatest motivation.
I sincerely hope that you can have a good health and stay happy. In addition, I wonder if you can pay a lot of attention to your health, get more rest.
Again, I sincerely thank you for your help!
爸妈,这么多年来是你们一直养育着我,对我悉心教导,总是在我失落的时候鼓励我,支持我,不管我遇到什么风浪遇到什么困难你们一直对我不离不弃,不管我犯下什么错误你们都会原谅我,并且孜孜不倦的教导我,在此我只想说声谢谢。
我是个不听话的孩子,我不爱学习总是爱惹麻烦,让你们为我的是操心难过,可是你们却不会放弃我,依然守护在我的身边,我却不懂你们的良苦用心,我一次次的犯下错误,一次次的让你们伤心,但是你们却总是及时的教导我,你们的努力我看在眼里却记在心里。你们还记得吗?初三那年我调皮和校外的人打架,被人打进医院,是你们为我跑上跑下,不知辛苦的为我奔波,在医院陪了我一个星期,你们帮我洗脸洗脚,我却在无意间看见了你们那双饱经风霜的手我不禁的打了个冷颤,因为在那一刻我感到了震撼和羞耻,或许别的不能证明什么,可是那双饱经风霜的老手是你们辛苦的最好证据。父亲,母亲现在我能做的不多,我所能做的就是刻苦读书,以后听你们的话做个孝顺的好儿子,今年暑假过后我就要去一个陌生的地方读书了,我要离开你们一段很长的时间,我只想说你们保重身体,不要让自己太过劳累,我也不用你们操心,我会努力的。在那边我会努力学好知识,参加工作,报答你们这么久的养育之恩。你们为我付出了太多心血和汗水,你们为我操碎了心,你们为我累白了两鬓的头发,你们为我压弯了挺直的腰板,你们为我做的一切我都看到了,我不会让你们的付出白白浪费,我会用最好的方式来报答你们,父亲,母亲你们想太阳一样照亮我前行的道路,你们像黑暗中的烛光给我光明,你们像冬天里的炉火给我温暖。我会回报你们,我最亲爱的父亲母亲。
dear teacher:
this is a special day, we have presented a bouquet of flowers, gifts to the world of your peaches and plums, spectrum a ode to joy, for your eyes flicker disperse tired, for you loosen the amount of wrinkled patterns.
the singing is a blessing: teacher, happy holidays! insatiable in learning, be tireless in teaching, peaches and plums fragrance, their music is happy and harmonious. i wish you a happy holiday! not only in the teachers day today, there is a tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tai houtian, i wish your life every day, every minutes, every second, the surface is always the same smile.
the singing is concerned about: the teacher, you worked hard! your use of sweat, nurturing the tender shoots of spring have just ground-breaking. your care is like the genial spring, warm our hearts and minds. let us protect your healthy growth, formed in the autumn fruit.
lifes journey, you shine our light of hope, eich our minds, adding to our intelligence.
thank you, teacher! i wish you healthy forever! happy! happiness!
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.