合理膳食的英语作文 五年级【一】
其实看着美国各个大城市，包括洛杉矶、纽约、费城等警察局做假证、诬陷黑人;检察官，法官还都一起附和演戏，引发了我深深的思考，为什么在许多人眼里美国的司法体制仍旧是世界上最好的?但是随着阅读的进行，美国司法系统在审判中的表现，又肯定了我的这种想法。至少肖德维茨的书中，向我们展示了被告陪审团的 “公正”。该书中有一个论点我很支持，肖德维茨说，陪审团面对同样的事实做出不一样的判决并不是对于案件当事人的种族等等有着偏见，而是因为其的生长环境，种族背景使其在面对一样的证据时，会有不同的想法，更甚者，黑人比白人陪审员更加的仁慈，更相信被告无罪。这样的解释，相比于种族歧视更容易被社会大众认可，正如法理学老师所说的，一个人的生长环境不同，，就会导致其前见不同，那么看问题得出的结论必然也是不同的。
书中提到了一个英国的律师Henry Brougham在1820年时候曾说：“一个辩护律师，对当事人富有神圣的职责，他在这个世界上只能认得一个人，就是受到官署控告的当事人，别无其他，要用各种必要的手段来救当事人，保护那个当事人免于必须负担任何其他人的风险或损失，也不使任何人侵害他，这是最高且毫无疑问的职责，他必须无视于对任何人可能造成的一切不安、痛苦、折磨和伤害，必须把爱国的职责跟作为一个辩护人的职责区分清楚，并且将前者揉碎，让它随风而逝，如果有必要的话。他必须无视于任何结果地去做，如果他的命运如此不幸让他的国家跟他的当事人陷于利益冲突的话。”
我国《律师法》第23条规定：“律师应当保守在执业活动中知悉的'国家秘密和当事人的商业秘密，不得泄露当事人的隐私。”随后于2004年颁布的《律师执业行为规范(试行》对此进行了细化，其第56条规定：“律师事务所、律师及其辅助人员不得泄露委托人的商业秘密、隐私，以及通过办理委托人的法律事务所了解的委托人的其他信息。但是律师认为保密可能会导致无法及时阻止发生人身伤亡等严重犯罪及可能导致国家利益受到严重损害的除外。”
比较而二者的关系不难发现，我国的法律在保护当事人利益的基础上始终把国家利益置于个人利益至上，这在一定程度上是不尽合理的。当事人基于对于律师辩护人的信赖，将事实告知律师辩护人，无论律师辩护人基于何种理由将其所知的内容泄露，都是对当事人信赖的一种背叛，对于我国的司法进程是极其不利的。
以上的一段话还我联想到了新的刑事诉讼法修正草案中第68条证人拒证特权，证人的拒证特权是一种基于被告与证人特殊的身份关系而享有的拒绝作证的权利，与这里辩护律师的权利有异曲同工之妙。辩护律师作为被告的辩护人，基于其特殊的身份，其对于案件的真实性有着更深的了解，这是基于被告对辩护律师特殊的信赖而产生的。因此，辩护律师当然有权拒绝作证以保护被告的利益。
对于金钱能否买来无罪的观点，我十分同意作者的话，事实上，金钱对于开释辛普森无罪，正如其去医院看病一样，我们可以忍受富人比穷人拥有更好的医疗资源，为什么不能容忍其有更好的辩护资源呢?同理，再多钱也无法挽救一个绝症犯人的病情，再多的钱如果案件的证据简单明了毫无争议，那么辛普森也无法无罪开释。只要辩护团用合法的手段为辛普森打赢了官司，.就不应该被责难。辛普森所花的钱只是请来了最好的鉴定专家，推翻了警方的证据而已。试想如果警方的证据足够的充分和真实，辩方又怎么会给这个机会呢?但是读到这里我依然有疑问，作者一再强调其在该案件中的收费是比较少的，因为美国法律有规定，那么美国的大律师一个个荷包满满的原因究竟是为什么?
整本书通读下来，使我最感兴趣也是我觉得最有研究意义的就是“陪审团的怀疑是否合理”这一章。接下来，我将着重对“合理的怀疑”进行论述。
什么是合理的怀疑?
在辛普森一案中，伊藤法官是如此定义合理的怀疑：这不仅只是可能的怀疑，因为任何与人相关的事物都存在某种可能或者想象的怀疑。合理的怀疑是指整个论控，在经过对所有证据全盘的比较与考量之后，陪审团心理仍然觉得没办法一直全然确信检方所论控的事实。
为了对合理的怀疑有更深的理解，我对美国刑事诉讼中的排除合理怀疑制度进行了进一步的了解。在美国司法制度中通常使用四个基本标准即优势证据(preponderance of the evidence、清晰且有力的证据(clearand convincing evidence、不含糊且有力的证据(unequivocal andconvincing evidence和排除合理怀疑标准(proof of beyond areasonable doubt。由于刑事案件极其严重的制裁结果因此其证明标准历来被认为是所有案件中最高的，即要达到排除合理怀疑的标准。但是对于合理怀疑的理解，由于过于“简单”，因此当各个陪审员面对这个标准时，合理怀疑显得是一个仁者见仁智者见智的问题。一些法院认为，在保障被告人获得公正审理的正当权利方面，合理怀疑标准显得极为重要，但是由于合理怀疑这一词汇不是那么普通、简单和清晰，即使是受过法律训练的法官也经常错误地描述合理的怀疑，因此需要对其进行必要的解释和把握。但是有一些人的观点却恰恰相左，他们觉得合理的怀疑是一个在陪审员心理不言自明的概念，将其文字化的明确反而使其更加的模糊。
在不同的案件中，法院对于合理怀疑的定义也是不同的。在People V. Feldman一案中，法院认为：基于同情、幻想、成见、空想、多愁善感而产生的怀疑不是合理怀疑，基于陪审员因软弱无能和胆小而逃避给他人定较重的罪行所致的不情愿也不是合理怀疑。这是从反向的角度的定义合理怀疑。在United States V. Savuil一案中，法院认为合理怀疑是基于理性和常理的怀疑，即这种怀疑将使一个理性的人在是否定罪上犹豫不决。这是从正面的角度来定义合理的怀疑。直到今日有关合理怀疑的标准问题的争论还是没有平息。
合理膳食的英语作文 五年级【二】
我们在生活中都会遇到这样的事情——去银行存款时，会收取“利息税”；在获得了一些奖金时，要缴纳“个人所得税”；开店时，要缴纳“营业税”；……那么，这一个一个的“税”，到底是什么呢？
“税”是指国家向企业或集体、个人征收的货币或实物。同时，“税”也是一个国家最主要的经济来源之一，是公共事务支出的主要经济保障。我国最早的“税收”出现在3000多年的西周时期，那时的“税”只是单纯向在集市摆摊的商贩们收取。
现在，虽然我国的收税项目非常多，但政府向每一个人所收取的税额全部加起来并不是特别多。其实，我们在按时纳税的.同时，也是在为国家奉献出自己的一份心——我们交上去的税款虽然不多，但全国13亿人的税款却足可以为国家减轻一笔不小的开支。在缴税的同时，其实也是在间接的帮助别人、帮助祖国——我们交上去的税款被国家支援了贫困山区，发展了科技事业，发展了国内的经济贸易，还成为了一个又一个对人民有好处的政策的投资
所以，我们不要有“本来就赚那么一点钱，还要交税”的想法。我们要及时、合理的纳税，而不是逃税、***。从另一个方面来说，国家无私的养育了我们，慷慨的为我们提供了优越的生存环境，还为我们创建了一个个利民方案……国家为我们付出了这么多，难道我们就不应该为国家做点贡献吗？难道我们就用逃税、***，来回报我们的祖国吗？
只有我们每一个人都培养出正确的纳税意识，合理纳税、及时纳税，国家才能更好地为我们提供出更多的便民计划，改善我们的生活，我们才能让全国人民过上幸福、快乐的生活！
合理膳食的英语作文 五年级【三】
初稿
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money -it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
自评
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分：23
互评（刘兴顺评）
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分：23
互评（战越评）
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分：
互评（李春霞评）
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分：
